Responsiveness to Prazosin in Renal Failure

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 383s-385s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Stokes ◽  
J. C. Monaghan ◽  
G. W. Frost ◽  
E. P. MacCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Normal Renal Function ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Drug Concentrations

1. The fall in blood pressure produced by a test dose of prazosin was greater in a group of patients with chronic renal failure than in a group with normal renal function. 2. This difference could not be attributed to increased reactivity, measured as the slope of the regression line relating mean blood pressure and plasma prazosin concentration, nor to retarded elimination of the drug. 3. The enhanced antihypertensive effect of prazosin in renal failure appears to reflect changes in the bioavailability or distribution of the drug, which result in higher drug concentrations for a given dose.

scholarly journals Periodontal disease characterization in dogs with normal renal function or chronic renal failure

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenda Ramalho Barbudo-Selmi ◽  
Marileda Bonafim Carvalho ◽  
André Luis Selmi ◽  
Silvio Emílio Cuevas Martins
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Normal Renal Function ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Bacterial Plaque

The purpose of this study was to evaluate periodontal disease (PD) in dogs with chronic renal failure (CRF) and to compare it to PD in dogs with normal renal function (NRF). Twelve dogs with CRF and 24 dogs with NRF, all presenting dental pocket formation, were compared. In all dogs, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine specific gravity and total red and white blood cells were determined. A complete oral examination was also performed including evaluation of bacterial plaque, gingivitis, gingival recession, pocket, calculus, dental mobility, dental loss, and ulcers. These data were used to calculate plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and periodontal destruction index (PDI). PD was graded as mild, moderate or severe based on the results. Mild, moderate or severe PD was observed in dogs with NRF, whereas dogs with CRF presented either mild or severe PD. Dogs with NRF showed higher involvement of the maxillary teeth, whereas dogs with CRF showed a higher involvement of the mandibular teeth. Plaque index was significantly higher in dogs with NRF. It was concluded that lesion distribution and periodontal disease progression may be altered in dogs with CRF, and gingival inflammatory response differs in dogs with NRF and CRF regarding to the stage of periodontal disease.

Atrial natriuretic peptide and adaptation of sodium urinary excretion in patients with chronic renal failure

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislas Czekalski ◽  
Catherine Michel ◽  
Jean-Claude Dussaule ◽  
Philippe Touraine ◽  
Francoise Mignon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Sodium Load ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

1. In order to examine the potential role of endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in modulating the increased sodium excretion per nephron in chronic renal failure, we studied healthy subjects with normal renal function (group I) and patients with moderate (group II) or severe chronic renal failure (group III) before, during and after administration of an intravenous sodium load. All subjects had been on a controlled diet containing 120 mmol of sodium per day for 5 days before the study. 2. Under basal conditions, plasma ANP and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) were highest in group III. Both parameters increased in response to the sodium load in the three groups studied (P < 0.001). Changes with time differed from group to group (P < 0.05), the more marked response for both parameters being observed in group III. After adjustment with respect to plasma ANP (analysis of covariance), FENa was no longer modified in response to the sodium load, whereas adjustment of FENa with respect to mean blood pressure was without consequence on the significance of its change with time. This demonstrates that plasma ANP, but not mean blood pressure, represents the main factor producing variation in FENa during and after the sodium load. 3. These results suggest an important role for plasma ANP in promoting adaptation of short-term sodium excretion in response to an acute sodium load in patients with chronic renal failure who ingest a normal sodium intake.

Renal Tubular Protein Degradation of Radiolabelled Aprotinin (Trasylol) in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

1993 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rustom ◽  
J. S. Grime ◽  
P. Maltby ◽  
H. R. Stockdale ◽  
M. J. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Normal Renal Function ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Uptake ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Renal Tubular

1. The new method developed to measure renal tubular degradation of small filtered proteins in patients with normal renal function, using radio-labelled aprotinin (Trasylol) (R. Rustom, J. S. Grime, P. Maltby, H. R. Stockdale, M. Critchley, J. M. Bone. Clin Sci 1992; 83, 289–94), was evaluated in patients with chronic renal failure. 2. Aprotinin was labelled with either 99mTc (40 MBq) or 131I (0.1 MBq), and injected intravenously in nine patients, with different renal pathologies. 51Cr-EDTA clearance (corrected for height and weight) was 40 + 5.4 (range 11.2-81) ml min−1 1.73 m−2. Activity in plasma and urine was measured over 24–48 h, and chromatography on Sephadex-G-25-M was used to separate labelled aprotinin from free 99mTcO4− or 131I−. Renal uptake was measured for 99mTc-labelled aprotinin only. 3. The volume of distribution was 20.2 + 2.3 litres. Chromatography showed all plasma activity as undegraded aprotinin, and urine activity only as the free labels (99mTcO4− or 131I−). 4. As in patients with normal renal function, activity in the kidney appeared promptly, with 5.7 + 2.5% of the dose detected even at 5 min. Activity rose rapidly to 9.4 + 1.6% of dose after 1.5 h, then more slowly to 15.0 + 0.5% of dose at 4.5 h, and even more slowly thereafter, reaching 24.1 + 2.8% of dose at 24 h. Extra-renal uptake was again insignificant, and both 99mTcO4− and 131I− appeared promptly in the urine, with similar and uniform rates of excretion over 24 h. 5. Both tubular uptake at 24 h and the rate of tubular metabolism over 24 h were lower than in the patients with normal renal function studied previously, but only the rate of tubular metabolism was directly related to the glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.75, P <0.02). 6. Correction for the reduced glomerular filtration rate yielded values for both tubular uptake (0.67 + 0.14 versus 0.32 + 0.03% of dose/ml of glomerular filtration rate, P <0.005), and tubular metabolism (0.033 + 0.07 versus 0.015 + 0.001% of dose h−1 ml−1 of glomerular filtration rate, P <0.005) that were higher by comparison with those for patients with normal renal function studied previously. 7. Fractional renal degradation of 99mTc-aprotinin (in h−1), derived from the mean rate of urinary excretion of the free isotope over a given interval, divided by the mean cumulative kidney uptake over the same interval, also fell steeply early, and then more slowly to 0.07 + 0.01 h−1 at 14.25 h (between 4.5 and 24 h). 8. It is concluded that the method described previously is also suitable in patients with chronic renal failure, allowing further research into renal disease progression.

scholarly journals Influence of Enalapril on the progression of chronic renal failure in diabetic nephropathy and nephropathies of and other aethiology: A two-year study

2002 ◽  
Vol 130 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Jasna Trbojevic ◽  
Biljana Stojimirovic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Difference

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is almost always associated with high arterial blood pressure. Adequate control of hypertension slows down the progression of the disease, Inhibitors of angiotenzin-converting enzyme (ACE inhibitors) have proved to be very efficacious in decreasing high blood pressure. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of ACE inhibitor enalapril on the progression of CRF in patients with diabetic nephropathy and nephropathies of other origin. During 1998 and 1999 thirty patients (20 males and 10 females, aged 525+1.3) have been followed-up at the Department of Nephrology, Clinical Centre of Serbia. On regular monthly controls serum creatinine, urea, calcium and protein levels, creatinine clearance, and blood pressure, were measured. All patients were suggested a low protein diet. Progression of the disease was expressed by the slope of the regression line showing reciprocal serum creatinine values. Proteinaemia was significantly higher in diabetic patients after 12 months (p<0.35) but in the next 12 months the difference between groups disappeared. The same patients had significantly lower serum urea (p<0.05) after 24 months and creatinine values (p<0.05) dur ing the whole study. Other variables changed in the same manner and with similar progression in both groups. The direction of slope lines suggested recovery of kidney function in both examined groups. However, a smaller slope in patients with diabetic nephropathy together with other results showed that enalapril had better influence on slowing down the progression of CRF in this group of patients.

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