Histamine, Basophils and Eosinophils in Severe Asthma

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Charles ◽  
S. J. Williams ◽  
A. Seaton ◽  
Christine Bruce ◽  
W. H. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Histamine ◽  
Histamine Concentration ◽  
Basophil Cell ◽  
Plasma Histamine Concentration ◽  
Blood Histamine ◽  
Venous Plasma

1. Arterial and venous whole blood and plasma histamine concentrations and eosinophil and basophil counts were determined in five patients with acute severe asthma who had not previously received steroid therapy, in five who had been maintained on steroid therapy and in a control group of nine patients with acute non-respiratory illnesses. 2. No significant arteriovenous differences were observed for any of these measurements in any of the groups of patients. Significant net loss of arterial histamine does not therefore occur peripherally in acute asthma. 3. When compared with the values for the controls, statistically significant increases were observed, in the group not receiving steroids, for arterial and venous whole blood histamine concentrations, eosinophil counts and basophil counts, and, in those receiving steroids, for the venous basophil counts. 4. When compared with the venous plasma histamine concentration of normal subjects, that of the asthmatic subjects not receiving steroids was significantly raised. 5. The venous plasma histamine concentration of the control group was also significantly higher than that of normal subjects, but less so than in the asthmatic subjects, suggesting that acute illness per se produces an increased plasma histamine concentration. 6. Both groups of asthmatic patients were treated similarly with hydrocortisone and bronchodilators. There was a striking fall in whole blood histamine concentration and in eosinophil and basophil counts, but plasma histamine fell more slowly, especially in those who had not previously received steroids. 7. The mean histamine content of the basophil cell is 0·01 pmol and significant differences in this value did not occur within the various groups or as a result of treatment. The approximate number of molecules of histamine per basophil cell is 6·0 × 109.

Plasma Histamine and Catecholamines in Stable Asthmatic Subjects

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Barnes ◽  
P. W. Ind ◽  
M. J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Plasma Histamine ◽  
Histamine Concentration ◽  
Plasma Histamine Concentration ◽  
Obstructive Airways Disease ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Venous Plasma

1. Venous plasma histamine and catecholamines were measured in stable asthmatic subjects by a recently developed specific and sensitive radioenzymatic assay. 2. Plasma histamine concentrations were significantly elevated in both extrinsic and intrinsic asthmatic subjects, compared with both normal controls and patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. There was no correlation between histamine concentration and severity of airways obstruction, however. 3. Elevated plasma histamine concentrations at rest-5-indicate increased release of mediators from ‘leaky’ mast cells in asthma. 4. Plasma catecholamine concentrations in asthmatic subjects did not differ from normal and there was no correlation with severity of broncho- constriction or with plasma histamine concentration.

The Distribution of Histamine in the Blood of Healthy and Asthmatic Children

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Porter ◽  
R. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Histamine ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Blood Histamine ◽  
Eosinophil Counts

1. Histamine levels in whole blood and blood plasma, together with circulating basophil, eosinophil and total leucocyte counts, were determined in three groups of asthmatic children and in a control group of non-asthmatic children. 2. Blood histamine levels were significantly higher than the control levels during asthmatic symptoms, but fell to near normal values in the quiescent phase of asthma and during long-term steroid treatment. 3. Plasma histamine levels were found to be minimal in all the subjects studied (< 1 ng/ml). 4. Significant correlations were found between whole blood histamine levels and basophil counts and between whole blood histamine levels and log eosinophil counts in the control children. The findings in the asthmatic children suggested that the relationships between these phenomena in asthma are more complex than in normal individuals.

Measurement of acetate in human blood by gas chromatography: effects of sample preparation, feeding, and various diseases.

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1787-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
C D Tollinger ◽  
H J Vreman ◽  
M W Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Acetate Concentration ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Severe Liver Disease ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Standard Breakfast ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Venous Plasma

Abstract We measured acetate concentrations in whole blood, serum, and plasma by a modification of a previously described method involving vacuum distillation and gas chromatography. The mean acetate concentration of fresh venous plasma from 27 normal subjects was 51 +/- 5 mumol/L (95% confidence limits ranged from 0 to 103 mumol/L). The acetate concentrations of serum and plasma incubated for 2 h at either 4 degrees C or 27 degrees C were the same. The acetate concentration of whole blood incubated at 27 degrees C was significantly greater than that of blood incubated at 4 degrees C. This change may have resulted from the production of acetate by erythrocytes or from the hydrolysis of acetate esters. Storage of plasma at -20 degrees C for 24 h significantly increased acetate concentrations from 26 +/- 6 mumol/L to 63 +/- 4 mumol/L. After the subjects consumed a standard breakfast, venous plasma acetate concentrations increased from 58 to 97 mumol/L at 30 min. Acetate concentrations in arterial plasma exceeded those in venous plasma. Plasma acetate concentrations were not significantly altered in patients with malignancy or diabetes mellitus, but severe liver disease and severe acidosis were both associated with increased acetate concentrations. These preliminary observations suggest that plasma acetate concentrations may be altered in several disease states.

Elevation of the plasma histamine concentration in the coronary circulation in patients with variant angina

1996 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 1121-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Sakata ◽  
Kazuo Komamura ◽  
Atsushi Hirayama ◽  
Shinsuke Nanto ◽  
Masafumi Kitakaze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Circulation ◽  
Variant Angina ◽  
Plasma Histamine ◽  
Histamine Concentration ◽  
Plasma Histamine Concentration

Base-line and postthermal injury plasma histamine in rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1782-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Yurt ◽  
B. A. Pruitt
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Plasma Histamine ◽  
Histamine Concentration ◽  
Partial Thickness Burn ◽  
Plasma Histamine Concentration ◽  
Normal Rat

Although plasma histamine concentration has been reported to increase after thermal injury in the rat to as much as 100-fold over normal human plasma levels, the pathophysiological significance and relevance to human disease is questionable. Lack of confidence in the rat as a model of histamine-mediated disease is based on reports that normal rat base-line plasma histamine concentration exceeds that of human plasma by 20- to 70-fold. The present study confirms that high concentrations of histamine (20–68.9 ng/ml) are found in rat plasma obtained in an uncontrolled manner; but concentrations are lower (1.17 +/- 0.49 ng/ml) or undetectable in a sensitive radioenzymatic assay when sampling technique and plasma isolation are controlled. The primary cause for falsely elevated values for plasma histamine concentration appeared to be due to manipulation of the rat. Plasma histamine concentration increased within 1 min after thermal injury and the increase was proportional to extent of surface area injured. In contrast to the finding of a single time-related peak of plasma histamine concentration after partial-thickness burn, a biphasic elevation was found after full-thickness injury. Thus the data indicate that normal rat plasma histamine concentration is similar to that of the human and below the reported threshold for modulation of a variety of immune responses. Furthermore, the data support a role for histamine and other mast-cell mediators in the local and systemic responses to injury.

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