The Distribution of Histamine in the Blood of Healthy and Asthmatic Children

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Porter ◽  
R. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Histamine ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Blood Histamine ◽  
Eosinophil Counts

1. Histamine levels in whole blood and blood plasma, together with circulating basophil, eosinophil and total leucocyte counts, were determined in three groups of asthmatic children and in a control group of non-asthmatic children. 2. Blood histamine levels were significantly higher than the control levels during asthmatic symptoms, but fell to near normal values in the quiescent phase of asthma and during long-term steroid treatment. 3. Plasma histamine levels were found to be minimal in all the subjects studied (< 1 ng/ml). 4. Significant correlations were found between whole blood histamine levels and basophil counts and between whole blood histamine levels and log eosinophil counts in the control children. The findings in the asthmatic children suggested that the relationships between these phenomena in asthma are more complex than in normal individuals.

Histamine, Basophils and Eosinophils in Severe Asthma

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Charles ◽  
S. J. Williams ◽  
A. Seaton ◽  
Christine Bruce ◽  
W. H. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Histamine ◽  
Histamine Concentration ◽  
Basophil Cell ◽  
Plasma Histamine Concentration ◽  
Blood Histamine ◽  
Venous Plasma

1. Arterial and venous whole blood and plasma histamine concentrations and eosinophil and basophil counts were determined in five patients with acute severe asthma who had not previously received steroid therapy, in five who had been maintained on steroid therapy and in a control group of nine patients with acute non-respiratory illnesses. 2. No significant arteriovenous differences were observed for any of these measurements in any of the groups of patients. Significant net loss of arterial histamine does not therefore occur peripherally in acute asthma. 3. When compared with the values for the controls, statistically significant increases were observed, in the group not receiving steroids, for arterial and venous whole blood histamine concentrations, eosinophil counts and basophil counts, and, in those receiving steroids, for the venous basophil counts. 4. When compared with the venous plasma histamine concentration of normal subjects, that of the asthmatic subjects not receiving steroids was significantly raised. 5. The venous plasma histamine concentration of the control group was also significantly higher than that of normal subjects, but less so than in the asthmatic subjects, suggesting that acute illness per se produces an increased plasma histamine concentration. 6. Both groups of asthmatic patients were treated similarly with hydrocortisone and bronchodilators. There was a striking fall in whole blood histamine concentration and in eosinophil and basophil counts, but plasma histamine fell more slowly, especially in those who had not previously received steroids. 7. The mean histamine content of the basophil cell is 0·01 pmol and significant differences in this value did not occur within the various groups or as a result of treatment. The approximate number of molecules of histamine per basophil cell is 6·0 × 109.

scholarly journals Impact of long-term supplementation of zinc and selenium on their content in blood and hair in goats

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pavlata ◽  
M. Chomat ◽  
A. Pechova ◽  
L. Misurova ◽  
R. Dvorak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Selenium Yeast ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Se Status

This paper evaluates the impact of long-term supplementation of different forms of zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) on the content of these substances in the blood and hair of goats. Two analogous supplementation experiments were performed. 37 goats divided into four groups were used in the first trial with the Zn supplementation. Group A (n = 10) was a control group (with no Zn administered). A further three groups (B, C, D) were supplemented with Zn in various forms. Group B (n = 9) with zinc oxide, Group C (n = 9) with zinc lactate and Group D (n = 9) with zinc chelate. The second trial with Se supplementation was carried out on 20 goats divided into four groups. Group E (n = 5) was a control group. The other three groups were administered Se. Group F (n = 5) was supplied with a selenium lactate-protein complex, Group G (n = 5) with sodium selenite and Group H (n = 5) with selenium yeast. Three months later blood and hair samples were taken from all animals and Zn and Se concentrations were determined in whole blood, plasma, and hair. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was determined in the Se supplementation trial group. At the end of the trial the Zn concentrations in plasma and whole blood were without major differences between the groups. The plasma concentration of Zn did not increase from the initial value at the start of the trial. In hair the average concentration of Zn was 95.2&ndash;100.0 mg/kg<br />in all groups. No conclusive relation was confirmed between the values of Zn in hair and its concentration in blood. The Se concentration in whole blood (&micro;g/l) at the end of trial in supplemented groups (F &ndash; 188.8 &plusmn; 24.6; G &ndash; 197.2 &plusmn; 10.9; H &ndash; 190.1 &plusmn; 26.3) was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.01) than in the control group (E &ndash; 103.1 &plusmn; 23.5). Similarly, the activity of GSH-Px (&micro;kat/l) was significantly higher in all supplemented groups (F &ndash; 872.3 &plusmn; 94.8; G &ndash; 659.5 &plusmn; 176.4; H &ndash; 839.8 &plusmn; 150.8) than in the control group (E &ndash; 379.1 &plusmn; 63.5). Se content in hair (&micro;g/kg) was higher also in all trial groups (F &ndash; 242.3 &plusmn; 41.5; G &ndash; 200.5 &plusmn; 46.9; H &ndash; 270.0 &plusmn; 106.8) than in the control group (E &ndash; 174.7 &plusmn; 38.0). However, it was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher only in Group F. A conclusive correlation was identified between the Se concentration in whole blood and its content in hair (r = 0.54; P &lt; 0.05; n = 20). Based on the results it can be concluded that none of the supplemented forms of Zn increased its concentration in blood, plasma and hair. On the other hand, the administration of Se led to an increase in the Se concentration in blood, increased the activity of GSH-Px in whole blood and the Se content in hair. Based on the proven correlation and regression relation between the Se concentration in blood and its content in hair, hair can be considered as a suitable material for the diagnosis of long-term Se status in goats. Goats with sufficient Se status are those that have more than 160 &micro;g/kg of Se in hair dry weight.

Trace Element Status (Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Iron, Manganese) in Patients with Long-Term Home Parenteral Nutrition

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Dastych Jr. ◽  
Michal Šenkyřík ◽  
Milan Dastych ◽  
František Novák ◽  
Petr Wohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Home Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Status ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Background: The objective of the present study was to determine concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), selenium (Se) in blood plasma and manganese (Mn) in the whole blood in patients with long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in comparison to the control group. Patients and Methods: We examined 68 patients (16 men and 52 women) aged from 28 to 68 years on a long-term HPN lasting from 4 to 96 months. The short bowel syndrome was an indication for HPN. The daily doses of Zn, Cu, Fe, Se and Mn in the last 3 months were determined. Results: No significant differences in blood plasma were found for Zn, Cu and Fe in patients with HPN and in the control group (p > 0.05). The concentration of Mn in whole blood was significantly increased in HPN patients (p < 0.0001), while Se concentration in these patients was significantly decreased (p < 0.005). The concentration of Mn in the whole blood of 16 patients with cholestasis was significantly increased compared to the patients without cholestasis (p < 0.001). The Cu concentration was increased with no statistical significance. Conclusion: In long-term HPN, the status of trace elements in the patients has to be continually monitored and the daily substitution doses of these elements have to be flexibly adjusted. Dosing schedule needs to be adjusted especially in cases of cholestatic hepatopathy. A discussion about the optimal daily dose of Mn in patients on HPN is appropriate. For clinical practice, the availability of a substitution mixture of trace elements lacking Mn would be advantageous.

Plasma progesterone levels during long-term treatment with levonorgestrel silastic implants

1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio B. Croxatto ◽  
Soledad Diaz ◽  
Margarita Pavez ◽  
Patricia Miranda ◽  
Astrid Brandeis
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Abstract. Plasma progesterone levels were measured in 113 women using a subdermal implant containing 200 mg levonorgestrel (NORPLANT™*) in an attempt to assess the roles of anovulation and inadequate luteal function in the contraceptive action of this method. Twenty-two women using an IUD (Copper T 200) served as a control group. Blood samples were taken twice a week for 6 consecutive weeks. This was done one to four times in each subject during the first 7 years after insertion of NORPLANT. Plasma progesterone was measured by a specific RIA and criteria based upon normal values in this laboratory were used to define each set of samples as ovulatory, uncertain or anovulatory. The rate of anovulation varied between 25 and 80% throughout the 7 years. The highest rate was observed during the first year of treatment. The rate of anovulation was significantly correlated with the plasma levels of levonorgestrel. Varying degrees of inadequate corpus luteum function were detected among NORPLANT users. All sets of samples in the control group were ovulatory and compatible with normal luteal function. These results clearly show that continuous administration of levonorgestrel by means of NORPLANT interferes with ovulation and/or luteal function in a significant proportion of cycles throughout the first 7 years of use.

Basophils and exercise-induced hypoxemia in extreme athletes

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 989-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Mucci ◽  
Fabienne Durand ◽  
Bernard Lebel ◽  
Jean Bousquet ◽  
Christian Préfaut
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Histamine Content ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Training Effect ◽  
Plasma Histamine ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Histamine ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

This study examined whether the increase in histamine release (%H, i.e., plasma histamine expressed as a percentage of whole blood histamine) associated with exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) is related to high training-induced changes in basophil and osmolarity factors in arterial blood. All parameters were measured in 20 endurance athletes, 11 of whom presented an EIH (HThyp) and 9 of whom were nonhypoxemic (HTnor), and in 10 untrained control subjects (UT). Measurements were made at rest, at the maximal workload of an incremental exhaustive exercise test, and at the fifth minute of recovery. %H increased during exercise in HThyp( P < 0.01) but did not increase significantly in HTnorand UT controls. The results indicated that 1) osmolarity and Na+and K+concentrations did not differ between the two trained groups and 2) the basophil count and basophil histamine content did not differ among groups. We concluded that the %H increase associated with EIH was not due to a training effect on these parameters. The relatively low increase in histamine content during exercise in HThypin comparison to HTnor( P < 0.05) and UT ( P < 0.01) and the low recovery vs. resting basophil count only in HThyp( P < 0.01) suggested an accentuated exercise-induced basophil degranulation in the hypoxemic athletes.

Fibrinogen Catabolism In The Nephrotic Syndrome

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A P Fletcher ◽  
N Alkjaersig ◽  
M Narayanan ◽  
A M Robson
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Relapse ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin

Children with a nephrotic syndrome with renal biopsy findings of either minimal change disease (MCD) or focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) had been followed serially by plasma fibrinogen chromatographic and other blood coagulation and plasma fibrinolytic assays. Patients with MCD were studied during: 1) relapse without steroid treatment (n=34); 2) relapse on steroid treatment (n=12); 3) early remission on steroid treatment (n=14); 4) late remission on steroids (n=17); and 5) late remission no steroids (n=10). The control group comprised 50 aged matched healthy children. Untreated MCD patients, regardless of disease etiology, showed statistically significant increases in plasma fibrinogen, plasma high molecular weight fibrin(ogen) complexes (average 79 mg/dl compared to 24 ml/dl control) (p < 0.001), in fibrinogen first derivative concentration and α2-macroglobulin, but factor XIII, α1-antitrypsin, plasminogen and antithrombin III concentrations were within the normal range. These findings document pathologically enhanced intravascular fibrin deposition, presumably occurring locally in the glomerulus and with enhanced fibrino- genolysis. Laboratory values reverted toward normal with steroid therapy and were normal in patients in remission whether or not remission was steroid-induced. Patients in relapse showed laboratory findings similar to those of the untreated patient. Laboratory findings in FGS patients in clinical relapse paralleled those found in untreated MCD patients, with disease remission laboratory findings also reverted to normal. It has recently been suggested (J. Ped. Neph. 1:18, 1980) that long-term anticoagulant therapy in FGS patients might prove effective in prevention of glomerulosclerosis and chronic renal failure. Our findings would strengthen the rationale for this therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals Short-term amino acid, clinicopathologic, and echocardiographic findings in healthy dogs fed a commercial plant-based diet

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258044
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Cavanaugh ◽  
Ryan P. Cavanaugh ◽  
Gregory E. Gilbert ◽  
Elena L. Leavitt ◽  
Jennifer K. Ketzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Taurine Deficiency ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Echocardiographic Findings

Consumer demand for commercially prepared plant-based (PB) dog food is increasing, but studies evaluating the short- or long-term effects of PB diets on canine health are lacking. The objective of this study was to assess the short-term amino acid (AA), clinicopathologic, and echocardiographic findings in 34 client-owned dogs fed a commercial extruded plant-based diet (PBD) in which pea protein was the primary protein source and 4 control dogs fed a commercial extruded traditional diet (TD). Plasma AA and whole blood taurine concentrations were measured in dogs at baseline and after 4 weeks on the PBD or the TD. Hematologic, serum biochemical, and echocardiographic testing were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks on the PBD or the TD. Four dogs in the PBD group did not complete the study. All essential AAs, except methionine, were higher in dogs after 4 weeks on the PBD compared to baseline. Taurine (plasma and whole blood) was also higher after 4 weeks on the PBD compared to baseline. A meaningful difference was detected in whole blood taurine between the PBD group and the control group at 4 weeks (P = .026) with the PBD group being higher. Median hematologic and biochemical results for the PBD group were within normal limits at baseline and at 12 weeks. In the PBD group, left ventricular internal diastolic dimension (LVIDd, P = < .001) and normalized LVIDd (P = .031) were higher 12 weeks post-PBD compared to baseline. There were no meaningful differences in left ventricular internal systolic dimension (LVIDs), normalized LVIDs, or fractional shortening 12 weeks post-PBD. There was no statistical evidence of difference between the 2 groups of dogs for any of the echocardiographic parameters at baseline or at 12 weeks. Essential AA or taurine deficiency was not observed in this cohort of dogs fed a commercial extruded PBD. Additionally, clinically relevant hematologic, serum biochemical and echocardiographic alterations were not detected. Further research is required to determine if long-term static feeding of PB diets can meet and maintain AA and other nutrient targets in dogs.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Folic Acid Antagonist, A-Methopterin, on the Level of the Circulating Eosinophils in Humans

Blood ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 743-748
Author(s):  
JANE C. WRIGHT ◽  
INGA HJELT
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Fluctuation ◽  
Definite Evidence ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Eosinophil Counts

Abstract 1. Daily eosinophil counts were obtained on a group of 10 normal individuals. This control group showed a moderate daily fluctuation in the count, with only 1 exception. 2. Daily eosinophil counts were obtained on 16 chronically ill or convalescent patients to whom A-Methopterin was administered. The eosinophil curves of 10 of these patients showed a fall of over 50 per cent at or prior to A-Methopterin toxicity. In 1 case, the count increased then decreased at toxicity to the initial level. In 3 cases definite evidence of toxicity was not demonstrable and the eosinophil level did not decrease. 3. Six patients showed a fall in their eosinophil counts before clinical evidence of A-Methopterin toxicity. Three patients showed a fall in their eosinophil counts of 75 per cent at the time of A-Methopterin toxicity. 4. Twelve of 16 cases (75 per cent), to whom A-Methopterin was administered showed definite falls in the curves of daily eosinophil counts. That cortisone and the adrenocorticotropic hormone do likewise suggests, but is not evidence, that the mechanisms are related.

Whole Blood and Plasma Histamine in Common Migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Haimart ◽  
A Pradalier ◽  
JM Launay ◽  
C Dreux ◽  
J Dry
Keyword(s):  
Migraine Attack ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Plasma Histamine ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Blood Histamine

Whole blood and plasma histamine levels were measured in 27 non-medicated patients with common migraine. In nine cases blood was drawn 1–2 h after the onset of a migraine attack. The whole blood histamine levels of migraineurs and controls did not differ significantly. In contrast, histamine levels were significantly increased in plasma from patients both during and between migraine attacks, as compared with controls ( p < 0.001). Finally, plasma taken from migraine patients induced a significantly greater release of histamine from control whole blood than did plasma taken from control subjects ( p < 0.01).

The response of skin perfusion and of rheological and immunological variables to intravenous prostanoid administration in Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to collagenosis

VASA ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drinda ◽  
Neumann ◽  
Pöhlmann ◽  
Vogelsang ◽  
Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry

Background: Prostanoids are used in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon and acral perfusion disorders secondary to collagenosis. In subjective terms, intravenous administration of these agents produces success in more than 50% of patients. The therapeutic outcome of clinical administration of alprostadil or iloprost may vary from individual to individual. Patients and methods: The following variables were analysed in a cross-over study in 27 patients with collagenosis and Raynaud’s phenomenon: plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation (rheological variables), partial pressure of oxygen and laser Doppler flowmetry in the finger region, and lymphocyte phenotyping and interleukin (IL) determinations (immunological variables). Results: Laser Doppler flowmetry revealed significant differences between patients with secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon and a control group of 25 healthy subjects. Laser Doppler readings did not change significantly as a result of the treatments. Therapy with iloprost produced a reduction in IL-1beta, L-selectin (CD 62 L) and IL-6. Conclusion: The change in immunological variables due to iloprost may explain the long-term effects of prostaglandins in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon. From our results it is not possible to infer any preference for iloprost or alprostadil.

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