Effects of ‘Elemental’ Diets on Absorptive and Enzymic Activities and on 5-Fluorouracil Toxicity in Rat Small Intestine

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. G. Gardner ◽  
R. C. Heading
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Elemental Diets ◽  
Dipeptidase Activities ◽  
Fluorouracil Toxicity

1. Water absorption and cytoplasmic dipeptidase activities were determined in isolated rat small intestine after animals had fed on various ‘elemental’ diets or a standard rat diet and after a single injection of 5-fluorouracil. 2. Vivonex diets were associated with a decrease in dry weight of the small intestine and an increase in glucose and water absorption in vitro. 3. The nature of the dietary nitrogen profoundly affects the activities of intestinal peptidases. 4. Water absorption was severely depressed 3 days after 5-fluorouracil administration: the extent of depression was independent of the diet. Thus, any ameliorative effects of ‘elemental’ diets on 5-fluorouracil toxicity are unlikely to be mediated by direct protection of intestinal absorption.

Changes in Absorptive and Peptide Hydrolase Activities in Rat Small Intestine after Administration of 5-Fluorouracil

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. G. Gardner ◽  
R. R. Samson ◽  
R. C. Heading
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
Positive Correlations

1. Glucose absorption, water absorption and dipeptide hydrolase activities have been determined in isolated rat small intestine at 1, 3, 5 and 21 days after a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-fluorouracil. 2. Absorption rates and enzyme activities were elevated 1 day after treatment, but were reduced to 40% of control values at 3 and 5 days. Changes were seen regardless of whether absorption was expressed per unit length or per unit dry weight of intestine. 3. There were highly significant positive correlations between glucose or water absorption rates and peptidase activities, especially in proximal jejunum. The most significant correlation was observed between water absorption rate and jejunal l-Leu-Gly hydrolase activity. 4. Malabsorption may account for some of the gastrointestinal side effects associated with treatment with 5-fluorouracil. Enzyme measurements may be useful as an index of intestinal function.

scholarly journals Absorption of lactulose from mammalian gastrointestinal tract

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Evered ◽  
F. Sadoogh-Abasian
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Poor Absorption

1. The disaccharide lactulose (galactosyl-β-1,4-fructose) was poorly absorbed from rat small intestine in vitro and human mouth in vivo.2. These results confirm indirect clinical evidence of poor absorption from the intestine.3. The presence of calcium ions, or absence of sodium ions, had no effect on lactulose absorption from the buccal cavity.4. The presence of ouabain, or absence of Na+, did not decrease the absorption of lactulose from small intestine.5. It is thought that the mode of transport, in both instances, is by passive diffusion with the concentration gradient.

STIMULATION OF SODIUM AND WATER ABSORPTION BY SUCROSE IN THE RAT SMALL INTESTINE

1982 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. PATRA ◽  
D. MAHALANABIS ◽  
K. N. JALAN
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Stimulation Of

Pyruvate transport across mucosa of rat small intestine in vitro

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-300
Author(s):  
JOHN E. LAWRENCE ◽  
DEREK F. EVERED
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Rat Small Intestine

The Influence of Pregnancy and Lactation on the Morphology and Absorptive Capacity of the Rat Small Intestine

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Craft
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
In Pregnancy

1. A study of the length, total weight and weight per cm of the small intestine of virgin, pregnant and lactating rats has provided evidence for an increase in intestinal surface area in pregnancy and lactation. 2. Because of such alterations in morphology of the gut the absorption,in vivo, of the substrates studied, glucose and glycine, has been expressed in terms of amount transferred per loop and also per g dry weight of intestine. 3. Using these parameters the results show that pregnancy does not alter the ability of the upper jejunum to absorb glucose and glycine. In lactation there is a significant decrease in the transfer of these substances when expressed per g dry weight of intestine, but not in absolute terms.

Demonstration and modification of intervillous pH profiles in rat small intestine in vitro

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. G489-G495 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Daniel ◽  
C. Fett ◽  
A. Kratz
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Ph Profile ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Alkaline Secretion ◽  
Alkaline Fluid ◽  
Ph Profiles

The intervillous pH profiles along the crypt villus axis in different regions of the rat small intestine were measured in vitro by using pH-sensitive liquid ion-exchanger microelectrodes. A characteristic pH profile was observed in the duodenum and jejunum. A region of low pH was detected in the upper parts of the villi (pH 6.65 +/- 0.06 to 6.85 +/- 0.07), whereas pH at the villus base was always higher. In the ileum no gradient was observed (pH 7.26 +/- 0.05 to 7.31 +/- 0.05). Preincubation of the tissue in situ with 10 mM theophylline for 1 h caused an increase in the villus base pH in the jejunum (pH 7.24 +/- 0.04) and ileum (7.44 +/- 0.04) followed by a subsequent increase of the pH in the upper part of the villi. These results indicate that the low pH in the upper intervillous space may be related to H+ secretion occurring from the mature enterocytes, whereas the crypt cells may secrete a rather neutral or slightly alkaline fluid. Alkaline secretion from the crypts may be increased by theophylline, which changes the levels of cyclic nucleotides in the mucosa.

Uptake and compartmental distribution of fatty acid by rat small intestine in vivo

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (5) ◽  
pp. 1409-1414
Author(s):  
S Mishkin ◽  
M Yalovsky ◽  
JI Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Entire Length ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Pass Through

The uptake and esterification of micellar [3-H]oleate and [14-C] palmitate were uniform along the entire length of the small intestine in vivo. Fatty acids (FA) radioactivity taken up by the small intestine could be described in terms of four functionally distinct compartments analogous to those described in vitro. The KRP-extractable compartment (KEC) and albumin-extractable compartment (AEC) contained reversibly adherent unesterified FA radioactivity, while the tissue free and esterified FA compartments contained irreversibly bound radioactivity. Wheras 27% and 63% of FA uptake were reversibly bound in the KEC and AEC by the most proximal and most distal regions of the small intestine in vitro (15), less than 10% was contained in these compartments in vivo, independent of location. Linear inverse relationships were found betweeen tissue FA esterification and proportion of FA radioactivity present in the KEC,AEC, and the tissue free FA compartment in vivo. These observations allow for the possibility that FA molecules pass through these compartments prior to esterification.

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