Impermeability of the Blood—Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier for Angiotensin II in Rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 399s-402s ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Schelling ◽  
J. S. Hutchinson ◽  
U. Ganten ◽  
G. Sponer ◽  
D. Ganten
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
Cisterna Magna ◽  
Biochemical Methods ◽  
Intravenous Infusions ◽  
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Brain Ventricular System ◽  
The Brain

1. Anaesthetized, nephrectomized rats were infused intravenously with unlabelled angiotensin II (AII) or with [3H]angiotensin II (3H-labelled AII). The brain ventricular system was perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid. The perfusate was collected from the cisterna magna and analysed for AII by radioimmunological and biochemical methods. 2. No increase of immunoreactive AII in cerebrospinal fluid could be shown during intravenous infusion of AII. 3. During intravenous infusions of 3H-labelled AII at pressor doses small amounts of radioactivity were found in cerebrospinal fluid perfusate. 4. The radioactivity of cerebrospinal fluid outflow could not be related to AII.

scholarly journals Camel regulates development of the brain ventricular system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shulan Yang ◽  
Alexander Emelyanov ◽  
May-Su You ◽  
Melvin Sin ◽  
Vladimir Korzh
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Roof Plate ◽  
Brain Ventricular System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Development of the brain ventricular system of vertebrates and the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. The developmental genes expressed in the elements of the brain ventricular system such as the ependyma and circumventricular organs act as molecular determinants of cell adhesion critical for the formation of brain ventricular system. They control brain development and function, including the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. Here, we describe the novel distantly related member of the zebrafish L1-CAM family of genes—camel. Whereas its maternal transcripts distributed uniformly, the zygotic transcripts demonstrate clearly defined expression patterns, in particular in the axial structures: floor plate, hypochord, and roof plate. camel expresses in several other cell lineages with access to the brain ventricular system, including the midbrain roof plate, subcommissural organ, organum vasculosum lamina terminalis, median eminence, paraventricular organ, flexural organ, and inter-rhombomeric boundaries. This expression pattern suggests a role of Camel in neural development. Several isoforms of Camel generated by differential splicing of exons encoding the sixth fibronectin type III domain enhance cell adhesion differentially. The antisense oligomer morpholino-mediated loss-of-function of Camel affects cell adhesion and causes hydrocephalus and scoliosis manifested via the tail curled down phenotype. The subcommissural organ’s derivative—the Reissner fiber—participates in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. The Reissner fiber fails to form upon morpholino-mediated Camel loss-of-function. The Camel mRNA–mediated gain-of-function causes the Reissner fiber misdirection. This study revealed a link between Chl1a/Camel and Reissner fiber formation, and this supports the idea that CHL1 is one of the scoliosis factors.

Intracerebroventricular losartan inhibits postprandial drinking in sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (4) ◽  
pp. R1055-R1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mathai ◽  
M. D. Evered ◽  
M. J. McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Infusion ◽  
Drinking Response ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

We investigated the contribution of brain angiotensinergic mechanisms to postprandial drinking in sheep. Sheep in fluid balance were given 0.8 kg chaff for 30 min, and water intake was measured for the next hour. Intracerebroventricular infusion of the AT1 type angiotensin II (ANG II) receptor blocker losartan (1 mg/h) reduced postprandial drinking by approximately 70% (n = 7, P < 0.01) but did not affect food intake. The same losartan dose given intravenously had little or no effect on prandial drinking. Feeding increased Na+ concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; n = 5, P < 0.05). Intracerebroventricular losartan (1 mg/h) inhibited the drinking responses to intracarotid infusion of ANG II (0.8 microg/min for 30 min, n = 4, P < 0.01) and to intracerebroventricular infusion of 0.5 M NaCl (1 ml/h for 1 h, n = 5, P < 0.05) but had no effect on drinking responses to intravenous infusion of 4 M NaCl (1.3 ml/min for 30 min). These findings indicate that a brain ANG II-dependent mechanism is involved in postprandial drinking in sheep. They suggest also that the mechanism by which increasing CSF Na+ causes thirst involves brain ANG II and is different from the mechanism subserving the drinking response to changes in blood Na+.

Monoamine concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of fetal and newborn sheep

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. R472-R480 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Joseph ◽  
D. W. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Fetal Hypoxia ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ◽  
The Brain

Monoamine concentrations were measured in cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of unanesthetized fetal (115-135 days gestation) and newborn (2-34 days old) sheep. Norepinephrine (NE) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentrations decreased with gestational age; NE CSF concentrations were significantly higher in the newborn (336.4 +/- 61.7 pg/ml; n = 5) compared with the 131- to 135-day-gestation fetuses (104.0 +/- 46.3 pg/ml, n = 3; P < 0.05). Dopamine (DO), homovanillic acid (HVA), and serotonin (5-HT) concentrations in fetal CSF did not change with gestational age, and epinephrine (Epi) was undetectable in most fetal and newborn samples. Hypoxia, induced by giving the ewe 9% O2 in N2 to breathe for 30 min, resulted in a 10.78 +/- 3.94-fold (n = 5) increase of NE concentration in fetal CSF (P < 0.05); DO and DOPAC concentrations did not change. Hypoxia did not increase NE concentrations in CSF of newborn lambs. Inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis by intravenous infusion of indomethacin significantly reduced plasma prostaglandin E2 concentrations from 7.8 +/- 1.0 (n = 6) to 2.5 +/- 0.2 nmol/l (n = 3; P < 0.05), and was associated with an increase of CSF DOPAC concentrations from 2,156.3 +/- 504.5 (n = 9) to 5,453.6 +/- 1,091.3 pg/ml (n = 5; P < 0.05); NE and DO concentrations did not change significantly. These results show that catecholamines and indoleamines are released in the brain and enter the CSF of fetal sheep from at least 115 days gestation. The data also show that concentrations of some monoamines in CSF are changed by fetal hypoxia or prostaglandin synthesis.

Role of transthyretin in thyroxine transfer from cerebrospinal fluid to brain and choroid plexus

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (5) ◽  
pp. R1310-R1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouhad A. Kassem ◽  
Rashid Deane ◽  
Malcolm B. Segal ◽  
Jane E. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
Cisterna Magna ◽  
Lateral Ventricles

The transport of 125I-labeled thyroxine (T4) from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into brain and choroid plexus (CP) was measured in anesthetized rabbit [0.5 mg/kg medetomidine (Domitor) and 10 mg/kg pentobarbitonal sodium (Sagatal) iv] using the ventriculocisternal (V-C) perfusion technique. 125I-labeled T4 contained in artificial CSF was continually perfused into the lateral ventricles for up to 4 h and recovered from the cisterna magna. The %recovery of 125I-labeled T4 from the aCSF was 47.2 ± 5.6% ( n = 10), indicating removal of 125I-labeled T4 from the CSF. The recovery increased to 53.2 ± 6.3% ( n = 4) and 57.8 ± 14.8% ( n = 3), in the presence of 100 and 200 μM unlabeled-T4, respectively ( P < 0.05), indicating a saturable component to T4 removal from CSF. There was a large accumulation of 125I-labeled T4 in the CP, and this was reduced by 80% in the presence of 200 μM unlabeled T4, showing saturation. In the presence of the thyroid-binding protein transthyretin (TTR), more 125I-labeled T4 was recovered from CSF, indicating that the binding protein acted to retain T4 in CSF. However, 125I-labeled T4 uptake into the ependymal region (ER) of the frontal cortex also increased by 13 times compared with control conditions. Elevation was also seen in the hippocampus (HC) and brain stem. Uptake was significantly inhibited by the presence of endocytosis inhibitors nocodazole and monensin by > 50%. These data suggest that the distribution of T4 from CSF into brain and CP is carrier mediated, TTR dependent, and via RME. These results support a role for TTR in the distribution of T4 from CSF into brain sites around the ventricular system, indicating those areas involved in neurogenesis (ER and HC).

Exchange of calcium between blood, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (6) ◽  
pp. 1058-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Graziani ◽  
Anthony Escriva ◽  
Robert Katzman
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
Passive Diffusion ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
Fluid Formation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rate Of Movement

Ca exchange was measured in anesthetized cats during steady-state ventriculocisternal perfusions. When Ca45 was added to the perfusate the efflux coefficient from CSF averaged 0.025 ml/min of CSF cleared of Ca45. This coefficient was independent of CSF Ca concentration, indicating passive diffusion. About onethird of this isotope was recovered in brain tissue, two-thirds presumably diffused into blood. The brain radioactivity was localized to areas immediately adjacent to the CSF pathway. When the isotope was given systemically, the efflux coefficient into the ventricular system averaged 0.015 ml/min of serum effectively cleared of Ca45. In these experiments the specific activity of the CSF approached that of the serum. At the same time the specific activity of the brain Ca was low. Hence, the chief source of the Ca entering CSF must be blood. The rate of movement of Ca45 from blood to CSF was not altered when CSF formation was suppressed by adding acetazolamide or lowering the pH of the perfusate. This suggests that Ca transport is independent of the bulk fluid formation.

Spontaneous rupture of a metastatic brain tumor into the ventricular system

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-416
Author(s):  
Robert H. Wilkins ◽  
Wang-Kuen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Spontaneous Rupture ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
Metastatic Brain Tumor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Surgical Exposure ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Two cases are reported in which spontaneous rupture of a metastatic brain tumor occurred into the ventricular system, leading to the dissemination of the tumor contents in the cerebrospinal fluid. The site of rupture was demonstrated by ventriculography in the first case and by surgical exposure in the second. These cases support the assumption that metastatic neoplasms within the brain may rupture into the ventricular system and spread via the cerebrospinal fluid pathways.

scholarly journals Congenital Hydrocephalic Monster in an Indigenous Gir Calf: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 69-70
Author(s):  
DN Borakhatariya ◽  
Rupesh J Raval ◽  
Karsan B Vala ◽  
Bakti P Chavda ◽  
Sanny G Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
Present Case Report ◽  
The Brain

There are several types of fetal dropsy (fetal ascites, fetal anasarca, fetal hydrocephalus), which have obstetrical importance preventing normal easy delivery of calf. Hydrocephalus is one of the fetal causes of dystocia. It is characterized by an accumulation of fluid which may be in the ventricular system or between the brain and the subarachnoid space. The swelling or enlargement of cranium occurs as a result of an imbalance between formation and drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (Arthur et al., 2001). This congenital dropsical condition is associated with an autosomal recessive gene, whereas some cases are due to BVD-MD or bluetongue virus infection in bovine (Roberts, 1986). Though this dropsical condition is rare in Gir cattle, it is reported in many other species (Dhami et al., 2007; Kumar et al., 2010; Parmar et al., 2018). The present case report depicts an unusual instance of hydrocephalic monster in an indigenous Gir calf, causing dystocia, which was successfully managed by per vaginum.

A Region-Based Ontology of the Brain Ventricular System and Its Relation to Schizophrenia

2012 ◽  
pp. 255-272
Author(s):  
Paulo Santos ◽  
Rodolpho Freire ◽  
Danilo N. dos Santos ◽  
Carlos Thomaz ◽  
Paulo Sallet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Initial Region ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Formal Basis ◽  
Brain Ventricular System ◽  
The Brain

This chapter describes an initial region-based formalisation of some concepts about neuroanatomy into ontological and epistemic terms, as part of a major effort into the formalisation of the knowledge contained in neuroimages of patients with schizophrenia. The long-term goal is to build an ontology that is a formal basis for the expectations generated from statistical data analysis. To this end, the chapter presents an example of applying this ontology to interpret the results of image-based analysis of neuroimages from schizophrenic patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document