The Early Effects of Intravenous Frusemide on Central Haemodynamics, Venous Tone and Plasma Renin Activity

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hesse ◽  
I. Nielsen ◽  
H. Lund-Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Right Heart Catheterization ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Heart Catheterization ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Venous Tone ◽  
Early Effects

1. Nine patients with clinically unimportant heart disease or benign essential hypertension were given frusemide intravenously during right-heart catheterization. 2. Pressures in both atria decreased rapidly and in parallel. The magnitude of the pressure decrease was clearly related to decrease in plasma volume loss. 3. Plasma renin activity increased significantly after 5 min (P < 0·01), but did not correlate with plasma volume loss. 4. Venous tone in the forearm was unchanged. 5. It is concluded that the pressure reduction was secondary to plasma volume depletion through diuresis and that increased plasma renin activity was mainly caused by intrarenal changes.

Solitary Kidney and Ageing as Causes of Low Renin and Aldosterone Concentrations: Relevance to ‘Low-Renin’ Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 177s-180s ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gordon ◽  
Freda Doran ◽  
M. Thomas ◽  
Frances Thomas ◽  
P. Cheras
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
The Mean

1. As experimental models of reduced nephron population in man, (a) twelve men aged 15–32 years who had one kidney removed 1–13 years previously and (b) fourteen normotensive men aged 70–90 years were studied. Results were compared with those in eighteen normotensive men aged 18–28 years and eleven men aged 19–33 years with essential hypertension. 2. While the subjects followed a routine of normal diet and daily activity, measurements were made, after overnight recumbency and in the fasting state, of plasma volume and renin activity on one occasion in hospital and of blood pressure on five to fourteen occasions in the home. Blood pressure was also measured after standing for 2 min and plasma renin activity after 1 h standing, sitting or walking. Twenty-four hour urinary aldosterone excretion was also measured. 3. The measurements were repeated in the normotensive subjects and subjects in (a) and (b) above after 10 days of sodium-restricted diet (40 mmol of sodium/day). 4. The mean plasma renin activity (recumbent) in essential hypertensive subjects was higher than in normotensive subjects. In subjects of (a) and (b) above, it was lower than normotensive subjects, and was not increased by dietary sodium restriction in subjects of (a). 5. The mean aldosterone excretion level was lower in old normotensive subjects than in the other groups, and increased in each group after dietary sodium restriction. 6. Mean plasma volume/surface area was not different between the four groups and in normotensive, essential hypertensive and nephrectomized subjects but not subjects aged 70–90 years was negatively correlated with standing diastolic blood pressure.

Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on cardiovascular and hormonal regulation during pregnancy in the rat

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlong Zhang ◽  
Susan Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
In Pregnancy

Recent studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis increases in pregnancy and that inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) induces some pathological processes characteristic of preeclampsia. The current project sought to study the effect of the NOS inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 µg·min-1, sc for 7 days) on plasma volume, plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), plasma endothelin-1 (ET), and plasma renin activity (PRA) during gestation in conscious rats. NOS inhibition caused mean arterial pressure to increase in both virgin and 21-day pregnant rats. Plasma volume fell in the pregnant rats [L-NAME, 4.5 ± 0.3 mL·100 g-1 body wt. (n = 7) vs. D-NAME, 6.8 ± 0.2 mL·100 g-1 body wt. (n = 10); P < 0.05] but not in the virgin rats [L-NAME, 4.3 ± 0.1 mL·100 g-1 body wt. (n = 6) vs. D-NAME, 4.8 ± 0.2 mL·100 g-1 body wt. (n = 8)]. There was no effect of NOS inhibition on plasma ANF levels or PRA in either the virgin or pregnant rats. However, L-NAME did decrease plasma ET levels in the pregnant rats [L-NAME, 19.6 ± 1.6 pg·mL-1 (n = 8) vs. D-NAME, 11.6 ± 2.5 pg·mL-1 (n = 9); P < 0.05]. Our results confirm that NO is involved in cardiovascular homeostasis in pregnancy; NOS inhibition selectively reduces plasma volume in pregnant rats, thus mimicking a major pathophysiological perturbation of preeclampsia. However, it does not induce the hormonal changes characteristic of preeclampsia, namely the decrease in PRA and increase in plasma ET and ANF levels. Key words: plasma volume, preeclampsia, endothelin, atrial natriuretic factor, plasma renin activity.

Failure of NaHCO3 and KHCO3 to inhibit renin in the rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (4) ◽  
pp. 1050-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Kotchen ◽  
JH Galla ◽  
RG Luke
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Renin Inhibition ◽  
Renin Content

To evaluate the contribution of chloride to NaCl- and KCl-induced renin inhibition, renin responses to NaCl or NaHCO3 and to KCl or KHCO3 loading were compared in NaCl-deprived rats. Sodium balance in animals drinking isotonic NaHCO3 and NaCl for 9 days did not differ (P greater than 0.40); K+ balance was less positive in NaHCO3-drinking animals (P less than 0.005). Plasma renin activity (PRA) in NaCl-loaded (16.5 ng/ml per h +/- 4.4 SE), but not in NaHCO3-loaded rats (57.2 +/- 9.8), was lower (P less than 0.005) than in NaCl-deprived controls (44.8 +/- 4.7). Renal renin content (RRC) of NaCl but not of NaHCO3-drinking animals was also decreased (P less than 0.02). Both PRA and RRC of KCl- but not of KHCO3-loaded rats (5 meq K+/10 g diet) were lower (P less than 0.01) than in NaCl-deprived controls. After acute intravenous expansion with isotonic NaCl or NaHCO3, increases of plasma volume and plasma K+ did not differ (P greater than 0.05). However, PRA of NaCl-expanded rats (11.8 +/- 3.8) was lower (P less than 0.05) than in NaHCO3-expanded animals (29.7 +/- 8.5). The failure of NaHCO3 and KHCO3 to inhibit renin suggests a role for chloride in mediating the renin responses to Na+ and K+.

THE EFFECTS OF AGE AND HEAT STRESS ON PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY AND PLASMA VOLUME DURING EXERCISE

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Paolone ◽  
A. O. Ajiduah ◽  
J. T. Troup ◽  
C. W. Stevens ◽  
Z. V. Kendrick
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity

Acute changes in plasma volume, renin activity, and free aldosterone levels in healthy subjects following Fursemide administration

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rosenthal ◽  
R. Boucher ◽  
W. Nowaczynski ◽  
J. Genest
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Acute Changes

The effects of acute changes in plasma volume on renin release and plasma free aldosterone levels are not well understood. Our experiments demonstrate quantitative changes in the above-mentioned parameters following salt depletion. Plasma renin activity was assayed 10, 20, 60, and 120 min after the intravenous injection of Fursemide in healthy human subjects. Plasma free aldosterone levels and plasma volume were measured 60 and 120 min after injection. Plasma renin activity rose significantly after 10 min, as compared with control values, the highest values coinciding with peaks in urinary volume and sodium excretion as well as lowest urinary osmolality. The plasma aldosterone increase, moderate at 60 min, was significant at 120 min. Plasma volume measurements, 60 min after injection, decreased significantly, with a tendency to return to control values at 120 min. Plasma renin activity, measured by the new micromethod of Boucher at intervals of 2 to 70 min after the intravenous injection of Fursemide in rats, revealed, as in humans, a significant increase after 10 min. These data show that the increase in renin precedes that in aldosterone following the marked decrease in plasma volume due to acute diuresis and sodium loss.

Effect of Volume Depletion and Subsequent Propranolol Treatment on Blood Pressure and Plasma Renin Activity in Patients with Essential and with Renovascular Hypertension

1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (s2) ◽  
pp. 69s-71s
Author(s):  
G. G. Geyskes ◽  
P. Boer ◽  
F. H. H. Leenen ◽  
E. J. Dorhout Mees
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Renin Activity

1. In nineteen patients, five with unilateral renal artery stenosis and fourteen with essential hypertension (WHO grades I–II), blood pressure, plasma and extracellular fluid volumes and plasma renin activity were studied at the end of three sequential periods: (a) after at least 3 days on a 60 mmol Na+ diet; (b) after 3 days of salt depletion induced with a diuretic and sustained on a 20 mmol Na+ diet; (c) after 3 days during which the 20 mmol Na+ diet was continued and beta-receptor blockade was induced by increasing dosages of propranolol up to 320 mg daily. 2. After sodium depletion extracellular fluid volume and plasma volume decreased and plasma renin activity increased; blood pressure did not change significantly. 3. After adding propranolol, plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume remained low, and there was a significant decrease in plasma renin activity and blood pressure. 4. No correlation could be demonstrated between changes of blood pressure and plasma renin activity. 5. When the responses of the five patients with renal artery stenosis were compared with those of the fourteen patients with essential hypertension, no significant differences were found. 6. Propranolol has a strong anti-hypertensive effect after Na+ depletion, irrespective of the absolute activities of plasma renin.

Plasma Renin Activity, Blood Uric Acid and Plasma Volume in Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

Nephron ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Fievet ◽  
L. Pleskov ◽  
I. Desailly ◽  
A. Carayon ◽  
J.F. de Fremont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Blood Uric Acid ◽  
In Pregnancy
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