Anti-Hypertensive Adrenergic-Blocking Agents: Effects on Sodium Balance, the Renin-Angiotensin System and Haemodynamics

1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (s2) ◽  
pp. 93s-95s ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Safar ◽  
Y. A. Weiss ◽  
P. L. Corvol ◽  
J. E. Menard ◽  
G. M. London ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Blocking Agents ◽  
Adrenergic Blocking ◽  
Adrenergic Blocking Agents

1. The changes in plasma volume, haemodynamic variables, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone were studied in forty-one hypertensive patients after administration of adrenergic-blocking agents. Four drugs were used: alpha-methyldopa (fourteen patients), guanethidine (ten patients), clonidine (nine patients) and reserpine (eight patients). Drugs were administered orally during 7 days' hospitalization on a normal sodium diet (110 mmol/day). 2. The four drugs had similar effects: a significant decrease in blood pressure, a significant increase in plasma volume and no change in stroke volume. 3. With alpha-methyldopa and guanethidine, heart rate, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone were unchanged. 4. With reserpine and clonidine, heart rate and plasma renin activity were significantly decreased, whereas plasma aldosterone did not change significantly. 5. This study suggests that the decrease in plasma renin activity was related to the lowering of the heart rate rather than to sodium retention and that adrenergic-blocking agents can impair the normal relationship between stroke index and plasma volume, between plasma volume and plasma renin activity, and between plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone.

Renin-Suppressive Potency of Various Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents at Supine Rest and during Upright Exercise

1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (s2) ◽  
pp. 61s-64s ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Bühler ◽  
G. Marbet ◽  
U. Patel ◽  
F. Burkart
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Blocking Agents ◽  
Beta Blocking ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Adrenergic Blocking ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Blocking Agents ◽  
Adrenergic Blocking Agents

1. Renin responses to different types of beta-adrenergic blocking agents were compared in eight normal volunteers at supine rest and during moderate upright exercise. 2. Comparable beta-adrenergic blockade was achieved with equipotent cardiodeceleratory doses of 100 mg of propranolol, 400 mg of practolol, 100 mg of oxprenolol, 10 mg of timolol, 5 mg of pindolol or 100 mg of ICI 66082. 3. All beta-blocking agents tested significantly and markedly reduced plasma renin activity during upright exercise. Renin suppression was not related to either β1- or β2-type receptor blocking action. 4. Renin levels at rest were generally reduced by the blocking drugs, but these responses did not reach significance for oxprenolol and pindolol. With both these drugs, lesser suppressibility of basal renin may be due to their inherent sympathomimetic activity. 5. The results suggest that different types of beta-blocking agents suppress plasma renin activity and therefore that they all may lower blood pressure through reduction of angiotensin vasoconstriction.

Renin and Aldosterone Release during Sympathetic Stimulation in Tetraplegia

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Mathias ◽  
H. L. Frankel ◽  
I. B. Davies ◽  
V. H. T. James ◽  
W. S. Peart
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Stimulation

1. The effect of endogenous sympathetic stimulation (induced by urinary bladder stimulation) and intravenous infusion of noradrenaline and isoprenaline on blood pressure, heart rate and levels of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone were studied in six tetraplegic patients. Data from infusion studies were compared with data from six normal subjects studied in an identical manner. 2. Bladder stimulation in the tetraplegic patients caused a marked rise in blood pressure and fall in heart rate, but no change in plasma renin activity or plasma aldosterone. 3. Noradrenaline infusion resulted in an enhanced pressor response in the tetraplegic patients when compared with the normal subjects. Heart rate fell in both groups. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone did not change in either group. 4. Isoprenaline infusion caused a fall in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the tetraplegic patients, unlike the normal subjects in whom there was a rise in systolic and a fall in diastolic blood pressure. Heart rate and plasma renin activity rose in both groups. Plasma aldosterone did not change in either group. 5. We conclude that in tetraplegic patients neither endogenous sympathetic stimulation by bladder stimulation nor infusion of noradrenaline raises plasma renin activity. Isoprenaline increases plasma renin activity to the same extent as in normal subjects. Renin release mechanisms in tetraplegic patients therefore do not appear to be hypersensitive to catecholamines. Plasma aldosterone is not influenced by any of the stimuli.

Failure of NaHCO3 and KHCO3 to inhibit renin in the rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (4) ◽  
pp. 1050-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Kotchen ◽  
JH Galla ◽  
RG Luke
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Renin Inhibition ◽  
Renin Content

To evaluate the contribution of chloride to NaCl- and KCl-induced renin inhibition, renin responses to NaCl or NaHCO3 and to KCl or KHCO3 loading were compared in NaCl-deprived rats. Sodium balance in animals drinking isotonic NaHCO3 and NaCl for 9 days did not differ (P greater than 0.40); K+ balance was less positive in NaHCO3-drinking animals (P less than 0.005). Plasma renin activity (PRA) in NaCl-loaded (16.5 ng/ml per h +/- 4.4 SE), but not in NaHCO3-loaded rats (57.2 +/- 9.8), was lower (P less than 0.005) than in NaCl-deprived controls (44.8 +/- 4.7). Renal renin content (RRC) of NaCl but not of NaHCO3-drinking animals was also decreased (P less than 0.02). Both PRA and RRC of KCl- but not of KHCO3-loaded rats (5 meq K+/10 g diet) were lower (P less than 0.01) than in NaCl-deprived controls. After acute intravenous expansion with isotonic NaCl or NaHCO3, increases of plasma volume and plasma K+ did not differ (P greater than 0.05). However, PRA of NaCl-expanded rats (11.8 +/- 3.8) was lower (P less than 0.05) than in NaHCO3-expanded animals (29.7 +/- 8.5). The failure of NaHCO3 and KHCO3 to inhibit renin suggests a role for chloride in mediating the renin responses to Na+ and K+.

scholarly journals Effect of standing on neurohumoral responses and plasma volume in healthy subjects

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 914-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giris Jacob ◽  
Andrew C. Ertl ◽  
John R. Shannon ◽  
Raffaello Furlan ◽  
Rose Marie Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Upright Posture

Upright posture leads to rapid pooling of blood in the lower extremities and shifts plasma fluid into surrounding tissues. This results in a decrease in plasma volume (PV) and in hemoconcentration. There has been no integrative evaluation of concomitant neurohumoral and PV shifts with upright posture in normal subjects. We studied 10 healthy subjects after 3 days of stable Na+ and K+ intake. PV was assessed by the Evans blue dye method and by changes in hematocrit. Norepinephrine (NE), NE spillover, epinephrine (Epi), vasopressin, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, osmolarity, and kidney response expressed by urine osmolality and by Na+ and K+ excretion of the subjects in the supine and standing postures were all measured. We found that PV fell by 13% (375 ± 35 ml plasma) over ∼14 min, after which time it remained relatively stable. There was a concomitant decrease in systolic blood pressure and an increase in heart rate that peaked at the time of maximal decrease in PV. Plasma Epi and NE increased rapidly to this point. Epi approached baseline by 20 min of standing. NE spillover increased 80% and clearance decreased 30% with 30 min of standing. The increase in plasma renin activity correlated with an increase in aldosterone. Vasopressin increased progressively, but there was no change in plasma osmolarity. The kidney response showed a significant decrease in Na+ and an increase in K+ excretion with upright posture. We conclude that a cascade of neurohumoral events occurs with upright posture, some of which particularly coincide with the decrease in PV. Plasma Epi levels may contribute to the increment in heart rate with maintained upright posture.

Lack of effect of Naloxone in a Moderate dosage on the Exercise-Induced Increase in Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Plasma Catecholamines, Plasma Renin Activity and Plasma Aldosterone in Healthy Males

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareta Bramnert ◽  
Hökfelt Bernt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Maximal Working Capacity

1. There is evidence that opioid peptides influence blood pressure and heart rate in animals and man. In the present investigation the effect of naloxone on the exercise-induced increase in blood pressure, heart rate, plasma catecholamines, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone was investigated in nine healthy men. A submaximal work test was performed on two occasions. The test consisted of ergometer bicycling for 10 min on 50% of maximal working capacity immediately followed by 10 min on 80% of maximal working capacity. Ten minutes before exercise the subjects received in a randomized manner a bolus dose of naloxone (10 μg/kg) or a corresponding volume of saline followed by a slow infusion (15 ml/h) of naloxone (5 μ h−1 kg−1) or saline, respectively. 2. After exercise systolic blood pressure, heart rate, plasma catecholamines, PRA and plasma aldosterone increased during both saline and naloxone infusion. The changes were similar in both studies. 3. Accordingly, opiate receptors sensitive to naloxone in a moderate dosage seem not to be involved in the cardiovascular response and the increase in plasma catecholamines, PRA and plasma aldosterone induced by exercise.

The Effects of Propranolol on Spontaneous and Experimental Hypertension in the Rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 447s-450s
Author(s):  
A. C. Pessina ◽  
A. Corgnati ◽  
P. Palatini ◽  
C. Oneglia ◽  
C. Dal Palù
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Hypotensive Effect ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Haemodynamic Changes

1. The hypotensive effect of propranolol and its correlation with the changes in heart rate, plasma volume and plasma renin activity produced by this drug were studied in normotensive rats and in rats with spontaneous, renovascular and deoxycorticosterone-induced hypertension. 2. No correlation was found between the fall in arterial pressure and the reduction in heart rate and plasma volume. On the contrary, a direct correlation was found between the hypotensive response and plasma renin activity: rats with high renin showed the maximum response, those with low renin no response. 3. Studies on blood volume distribution in different organs and the direct measurement of blood flow in the splanchnic bed demonstrated a significant correlation between the effect of propranolol on capillary permeability and the haemodynamic changes which it causes, namely a significant increase in portal venous pressure.

VARIATIONS IN PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY AND URINARY ALDOSTERONE EXCRETION IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AFTER SALT RESTRICTION AND ACUTE PITUITARY INHIBITION WITH 6-DEHYDRO-16-METHYLENE HYDROCORTISONE

1971 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
A. Peytremann ◽  
R. Veyrat ◽  
A. F. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Salt Restriction ◽  
Aldosterone Production

ABSTRACT Variations in plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone excretion were studied in normal subjects submitted to salt restriction and simultaneous inhibition of ACTH production with a new synthetic steroid, 6-dehydro-16-methylene hydrocortisone (STC 407). At a dose of 10 mg t. i. d. this preparation exerts an inhibitory effect on the pituitary comparable to that of 2 mg of dexamethasone. In subjects maintained on a restricted salt intake, STC 407 does not delay the establishment of an equilibrium in sodium balance. The increases in endogenous aldosterone production and in plasma renin activity are also similar to those seen in the control subjects. A possible mineralocorticoid effect of STC 407 can be excluded. Under identical experimental conditions, the administration of dexamethasone yielded results comparable to those obtained with STC 407.

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