Depression of Erythrocyte δ-Aminolaevulinic Acid Dehydratase Activity in Alcoholics

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Krasner ◽  
M. R. Moore ◽  
G. G. Thompson ◽  
W. McIntosh ◽  
A. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content ◽  
Aminolaevulinic Acid ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Dehydratase Activity ◽  
Ala Dehydratase

1. δ-Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) dehydratase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) have been measured in chronic alcoholics. 2. Within 48 h of alcohol withdrawal ALA dehydratase activity was depressed in chronic alcoholics even though the blood alcohol content was zero. A second group of chronic alcoholics studied 7 days after the cessation of alcohol consumption had normal ALA dehydratase activities. 3. ALA dehydratase activity is more reliable than measurements of γGT and LAP in monitoring alcohol habits of chronic alcoholics.

scholarly journals Effects of binge alcohol consumption on sleep and inflammation in healthy volunteers

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 3938-3947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda N. Wilkinson ◽  
Majid Afshar ◽  
Osman Ali ◽  
Waqas Bhatti ◽  
Jeffrey D. Hasday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
The Mean

Objective Alcohol is a hypnotic that modifies immune function, specifically the cytokines interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 2 (IL-2). We evaluated the association between unscheduled napping and acute alcohol-induced augmentation of IFN-γ and IL-2 expression. Methods In this prospective, observational pilot study, volunteers completed questionnaires on sleep quality, alcohol use, and hangover characteristics. Actigraph recordings began three nights before and continued for four nights after study initiation. Napping was recorded by actigraphy and self-reporting. A weight-based dose of 100-proof vodka was consumed, and the blood alcohol content (BAC) and phytohemagglutinin-M stimulated cytokine level were measured before and 20 minutes, 2 hours, and 5 hours after binge consumption. Results Ten healthy volunteers participated (mean age, 34.4 ± 2.3 years; mean body mass index, 23.9 ± 4.6 kg/m2; 60% female). The mean 20-minute BAC was 137.7 ± 40.7 mg/dL. Seven participants took an unscheduled nap. The ex vivo IFN-γ and IL-2 levels significantly increased at all time points after binge consumption in the nappers, but not in the non-nappers. Conclusion Augmented IFN-γ and IL-2 levels are associated with unscheduled napping after binge alcohol consumption. Further studies are needed to clarify the associations among alcohol consumption, sleep disruption, and inflammatory mediators.

scholarly journals Combination of Alcohol and EVOH as a New Embolic Agent: Midterm Tissue and Inflammatory Effects in a Swine Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jean-François Hak ◽  
Farouk Tradi ◽  
Mickael Bobot ◽  
Pauline Brige ◽  
Paul Habert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Embolic Agent ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. To evaluate the vascular occlusion and midterm tissue toxicity properties of a combination of ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) (Squid 18®) (75%) and alcohol (25%)—Alco-Squid 18—in a swine model. Materials and Methods. Alco-Squid 18 (75% Squid 18® mixed with 25% alcohol) (AS18) was compared to embolization with 96% alcohol alone and to embolization with Squid 18® (S18®) alone. An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) model was created in group 1 (n = 2). Each AVM model was then embolized with AS18 or S18® alone with evaluation of a ratio between the volume of embolic agent divided by the volume of the AVM (evaluated by CT). For group 2 (n = 5), each agent was tested on three different kidneys (upper pole kidney artery). Pre- and postinterventional CTs, angiographies, blood alcohol content dosages, and histological studies (3 months postintervention) were performed. Results. AS18 has better distal distribution than S18® alone, both in the kidneys (mean capsule-S18® distance: 3.9 mm (±0.23) and mean capsule-AS18 distance: 2.3 mm (±0.11) ( p = 0.029 ) and in the AVM model. Histological exploration found a higher rate of tubular necrosis with AS18 compared with S18® alone and alcohol alone (3.78 ± 0.44 compared to 2.33 ± 1.22 p   =  0 . 012 and 1.22 ± 0.67 p   < 0   . 0001 ). The blood alcohol content was negligible in all cases. Conclusion. AS18 can suggest a better distal sclerotic and embolic character as compared with S18® alone without systemic toxicity.

scholarly journals Smartphone Screen Integrated Optical Breathalyzer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Lapointe ◽  
Hélène-Sarah Bécotte-Boutin ◽  
Stéphane Gagnon ◽  
Simon Levasseur ◽  
Philippe Labranche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scattered Light ◽  
Application Software ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Integrated Optical ◽  
Stress Layer ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Operational Device

One third of fatal car accidents and so much tragedies are due to alcohol abuse. These sad numbers could be mitigated if everyone had access to a breathalyzer anytime and anywhere. Having a breathalyzer built into a phone or a wearable could be the way to get around the reluctance to carry a separate device. Towards this goal, we propose an inexpensive breathalyzer that could be integrated in the screen of mobile devices. Our technology is based on the evaporation rate of the fog produced by the breath on the phone screen, which increases as a function of the breath alcohol content. The device simply uses a photodiode placed on the side of the screen to measure the signature of the scattered light intensity from the phone display that is guided through the stress layer of the Gorilla glass screen. A part of the display light is coupled to the stress layer via the evanescent field induced at the edge of the breath microdroplets. We demonstrate that the intensity signature measured at the detector can be linked to the blood alcohol content. We fabricated a prototype in a smartphone case powered by the phone&rsquo;s battery, controlled by an application software installed in the smartphone and tested it in real-world environments. Limitations and future work toward a fully operational device are discussed.

scholarly journals Drink, death, and driving: Do blood alcohol content limit reductions improve road safety?

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 841-847
Author(s):  
Benjamin Cooper ◽  
Markus Gehrsitz ◽  
Stuart G. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content

The Association Between Blood Alcohol Content and Cheerfulness, Focus Distraction, and Sluggishness Among Young Adults Attending High School Parties

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 826-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Eliasen ◽  
Morten H. Rod ◽  
Trine Flensborg-Madsen ◽  
Jørgen H. Petersen ◽  
Morten Grønbaek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content

Blood alcohol content (BAC)-negative victims in alcohol-involved injury incidents

Addiction ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Levy ◽  
Ted R. Miller ◽  
Sue Mallonee ◽  
Rebecca S. Spicer ◽  
Eduardo O. Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content
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