scholarly journals Drink, death, and driving: Do blood alcohol content limit reductions improve road safety?

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 841-847
Author(s):  
Benjamin Cooper ◽  
Markus Gehrsitz ◽  
Stuart G. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content

scholarly journals Combination of Alcohol and EVOH as a New Embolic Agent: Midterm Tissue and Inflammatory Effects in a Swine Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jean-François Hak ◽  
Farouk Tradi ◽  
Mickael Bobot ◽  
Pauline Brige ◽  
Paul Habert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Embolic Agent ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. To evaluate the vascular occlusion and midterm tissue toxicity properties of a combination of ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) (Squid 18®) (75%) and alcohol (25%)—Alco-Squid 18—in a swine model. Materials and Methods. Alco-Squid 18 (75% Squid 18® mixed with 25% alcohol) (AS18) was compared to embolization with 96% alcohol alone and to embolization with Squid 18® (S18®) alone. An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) model was created in group 1 (n = 2). Each AVM model was then embolized with AS18 or S18® alone with evaluation of a ratio between the volume of embolic agent divided by the volume of the AVM (evaluated by CT). For group 2 (n = 5), each agent was tested on three different kidneys (upper pole kidney artery). Pre- and postinterventional CTs, angiographies, blood alcohol content dosages, and histological studies (3 months postintervention) were performed. Results. AS18 has better distal distribution than S18® alone, both in the kidneys (mean capsule-S18® distance: 3.9 mm (±0.23) and mean capsule-AS18 distance: 2.3 mm (±0.11) ( p = 0.029 ) and in the AVM model. Histological exploration found a higher rate of tubular necrosis with AS18 compared with S18® alone and alcohol alone (3.78 ± 0.44 compared to 2.33 ± 1.22 p   =  0 . 012 and 1.22 ± 0.67 p   < 0   . 0001 ). The blood alcohol content was negligible in all cases. Conclusion. AS18 can suggest a better distal sclerotic and embolic character as compared with S18® alone without systemic toxicity.

scholarly journals Smartphone Screen Integrated Optical Breathalyzer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Lapointe ◽  
Hélène-Sarah Bécotte-Boutin ◽  
Stéphane Gagnon ◽  
Simon Levasseur ◽  
Philippe Labranche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scattered Light ◽  
Application Software ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Integrated Optical ◽  
Stress Layer ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Operational Device

One third of fatal car accidents and so much tragedies are due to alcohol abuse. These sad numbers could be mitigated if everyone had access to a breathalyzer anytime and anywhere. Having a breathalyzer built into a phone or a wearable could be the way to get around the reluctance to carry a separate device. Towards this goal, we propose an inexpensive breathalyzer that could be integrated in the screen of mobile devices. Our technology is based on the evaporation rate of the fog produced by the breath on the phone screen, which increases as a function of the breath alcohol content. The device simply uses a photodiode placed on the side of the screen to measure the signature of the scattered light intensity from the phone display that is guided through the stress layer of the Gorilla glass screen. A part of the display light is coupled to the stress layer via the evanescent field induced at the edge of the breath microdroplets. We demonstrate that the intensity signature measured at the detector can be linked to the blood alcohol content. We fabricated a prototype in a smartphone case powered by the phone&rsquo;s battery, controlled by an application software installed in the smartphone and tested it in real-world environments. Limitations and future work toward a fully operational device are discussed.

The Association Between Blood Alcohol Content and Cheerfulness, Focus Distraction, and Sluggishness Among Young Adults Attending High School Parties

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 826-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Eliasen ◽  
Morten H. Rod ◽  
Trine Flensborg-Madsen ◽  
Jørgen H. Petersen ◽  
Morten Grønbaek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content

Blood alcohol content (BAC)-negative victims in alcohol-involved injury incidents

Addiction ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Levy ◽  
Ted R. Miller ◽  
Sue Mallonee ◽  
Rebecca S. Spicer ◽  
Eduardo O. Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content

Punishment and Deterrence: Evidence from Drunk Driving

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1581-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Drunk Drivers

I test the effect of harsher punishments and sanctions on driving under the influence (DUI). In this setting, punishments are determined by strict rules on blood alcohol content (BAC) and previous offenses. Regression discontinuity derived estimates suggest that having a BAC above the DUI threshold reduces recidivism by up to 2 percentage points (17 percent). Likewise having a BAC over the aggravated DUI threshold reduces recidivism by an additional percentage point (9 percent). The results suggest that the additional sanctions experienced by drunk drivers at BAC thresholds are effective in reducing repeat drunk driving. (JEL I12, K42, R41)

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