The Formation of Deoxycholic Acid and Chenodeoxycholic Acid in Man

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Kurt Einarsson ◽  
Kjell Hellström
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Deoxycholic Acid ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

1. The turnover of deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid was studied in six normolipaemic patients after oral administration of trace amounts of isotopically labelled compounds. 2. The mean values for half-life, pool size and turnover of deoxycholic acid were 3·0 days, 663 mg and 171 mg/day respectively. The corresponding values recorded for chenodeoxycholic acid were 2·8 days, 781 mg and 207 mg/day. 3. A comparison of the turnover rates of deoxycholic acid and cholic acid in three subjects indicated that 25–61% of the cholic acid was converted into deoxycholic acid. 4. Only trace amounts of radioactivity were recovered in the trihydroxycholanic acid fraction of duodenal bile after the administration of [14C]deoxycholic acid or [3H]chenodeoxycholic acid.

Influence of Deoxycholic Acid Feeding on the Elimination of Cholesterol in Normolipaemic Subjects

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-433
Author(s):  
K. Einarsson ◽  
K. Hellström ◽  
M. Kallner
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Deoxycholic Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
The Mean

1. The turnover of [24−14C]cholic acid and [3H]chenodeoxycholic acid and the faecal excretion of neutral steroids were studied in six normolipaemic subjects before and during the ingestion of 1.3–2.6 mmol (0.5–1.0 g) of deoxycholic acid/day. Before the second study the subjects had been fed deoxycholic acid for 2 weeks. 2. The administration of deoxycholic acid did not appear to influence cholesterol metabolism as judged by the absence of change in the serum concentrations and the overall transformation into primary bile acids and neutral faecal steroids. 3. During the deoxycholic acid feeding period the mean total synthesis of bile acids was reduced by about 30%, corresponding to approximately 0.25 mmol (100 mg)/day. In one subject the pool size and in another the synthesis of cholic acid remained unchanged; otherwise the cholic acid pool size and its rate of formation decreased in all subjects. No consistent effects were observed with regard to the turnover of chenodeoxycholic acid. 4. Assuming that the bile acid turnover is equivalent to bile acid excretion then the total amount of cholesterol eliminated as bile acids and neutral faecal steroids averaged between 1.6 and 1.8 mmol/day before and during the administration of deoxycholic acid.

Influence of Deoxycholic Acid on Biliary Lipids in Man

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ahlberg ◽  
B. Angelin ◽  
K. Einarsson ◽  
K. Hellström ◽  
B. Leijd
Keyword(s):  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Deoxycholic Acid ◽  
Gall Bladder Disease ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Cholesterol Saturation ◽  
Biliary Lipid Composition ◽  
Acid Administration

1. The duodenal bile acid composition was analysed in 24 control subjects and 107 patients with various types of hyperlipoproteinaemia. A highly significant negative correlation was observed between the proportions of deoxycholic acid and cholic acid as well as between deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. Patients with gall-bladder disease had an increased proportion of deoxycholic acid in their bile. 2. Eight control subjects were studied before and during the ingestion of 1·9 mmol (0·75 g) of deoxycholic acid daily. In these subjects a rise in the proportion of deoxycholic acid was also accompanied by a fall in the proportion of both cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in duodenal bile. 3. The biliary lipid composition and cholesterol saturation was determined before and during the administration of 1·9 mmol (0·75 g) of chenodeoxycholic acid (n = 12) or deoxycholic acid (n = 8) daily for 3–4 weeks. The cholesterol saturation was decreased during the chenodeoxycholic acid ingestion whereas no change occurred in bile saturation during deoxycholic acid administration. 4. Ingestion of chenodeoxycholic acid lowered serum triglyceride and deoxycholic acid lowered the serum cholesterol.

Radioimmunoassay of conjugated cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and deoxycholic acid from human serum, with use of 125I-labeled ligands.

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Mäentausta ◽  
O Jänne
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Deoxycholic Acid ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Hepatobiliary Diseases ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol Precipitation ◽  
Free Serum

Abstract We describe a method for radioimmunoassay of conjugated cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and deoxycholic acid in serum. In the method, 125I-labeled bile acid conjugates are used as the tracers along with antibodies raised against individual bile acid-bovine serum albumin conjugates. Antibody-bound and free bile acids were separated by polyethylene glycol precipitation (final concentration, 125 g/L). Before radioimmunoassay, 0.1-mL serum samples were precipitated with nine volumes of ethanol, and portions from the supernate were used in the assays. The lowest measurable amounts of the bile acids, expressed as pmol/tube, were: cholic acid conjugates, 2; chenodeoxycholic acid conjugates, 0.5; and deoxycholic acid conjugates. 2. Analytical recovery of bile acids added to bile acid-free serum ranged from 85 to 110%; intra-assay and inter-assay CVs ranged from 3.2 to 5.3% and from 5.3 to 12.2%, respectively. Concentrations (mean +/- SD) of the bile acid conjugates in serum from apparently healthy women and men (in mumol/L) were: cholic acid conjugates, 0.43 +/- 0.17 (n = 126); chenodeoxycholic acid conjugates, 0.47 +/- 0.23 (n = 111); and deoxycholic acid conjugates, 0.33 +/- 0.11 (n = 96). The values for primary bile acids were greatly increased in patients with various hepatobiliary diseases.

Disposition of Deracoxib in Cats After Oral Administration

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam D. Gassel ◽  
Karen M. Tobias ◽  
Sherry K. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Terminal Half Life ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chronic Use

The pharmacokinetics of deracoxib in seven healthy cats were determined following a single oral (1 mg/kg) dose. Minimal variability among cats was found for all estimated pharmacokinetic variables. Terminal half-life (t1/2) was 7.9 hours. The mean maximum concentration (Cmax) was 0.28 μg/mL and was measured 3.64 hours after drug administration. Deracoxib was not detectable in the plasma after 60 hours. The compounded liquid formula was accepted readily, and no adverse effects were observed. Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of deracoxib after acute and chronic use in the cat.

scholarly journals Pool size, synthesis, and turnover of sulfated and nonsulfated cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in patients with cirrhosis of the liver

1978 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stiehl ◽  
E. Ast ◽  
P. Czygan ◽  
W. Fröhling ◽  
R. Raedsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Cirrhosis Of The Liver

Water content and water turnover in beef cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
PH Springell
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
The Mean

Twenty-four steers, comprising British (Hereford and Hereford x Shorthorn), Zebu (Africander), and Zebu cross (British x Brahman or Africander) breeds, were either maintained on pasture, or yarded and fed on diets of a low and a high nutritional value. Tritiated water was injected into the animals on five occasions at intervals of 3 months. The body water content and the water turnover rate were calculated, and some of the sources of variation defined. Observed differences in the water content are attributable to nutritional factors rather than to breed differences. The mean body water content ranged from 615 to 809 ml/kg fasting body weight, where the higher values were associated with a poor diet. The mean half-life of tritiated water was lower in summer (as low as 58 hr) than in winter (up to 128 hr) in grazing and well-fed yarded steers. On a poor diet, however, the half-life in yarded cattle remained high and almost constant throughout the year, dropping to below 100 hr on only a single occasion. Occasionally the half-life was breed dependent, but generally no significant differences between breeds could be found. While mean turnover rates of up to 7.1 ml kg-1 hr-1 were found in better-fed cattle in summer, the value in poorly fed animals was almost constant throughout the year at about 3.3 ml kg-1 hr-1. There was, however, a winter minimum in the well-fed yarded and grazing groups. The turnover rate was also influenced by breed only to a limited extent. The results are interpreted in the light of their possible significance in the adaptation to a tropical environment, and in relation to their value in predicting the body composition.

Discovery of Half-life of Circulating Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection Using Heavy Water Labeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Loomba ◽  
Martin Decaris ◽  
Kelvin W Li ◽  
Mahalakshmi Shankaran ◽  
Hussein Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Heavy Water ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
The Mean

Abstract In a pilot study, heavy water labeling was used to determine hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) turnover rates in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The mean (standard deviation) half-life of HBsAg in blood was 6.7 (5.5) days, which reflects recent production in the liver and supports strategies aimed at reducing HBsAg production in CHB patients.

scholarly journals Preparation of the 3-monosulphates of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid

1976 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
E S. Haslewood ◽  
G A. D. Haslewood
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Deoxycholic Acid ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Acid Sulphate

1. The 3-sulphates of cholic, chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids were prepared as crystalline disodium salts. 2. The method described shows that it is possible to prepare specific sulphate esters of polyhydroxy bile acids and to remove protecting acyl groups without removing the sulphate. 3. A study of bile acid sulphate solvolysis showed that none of the usual methods give the original bile acid in major yield in a single step. 4. An understanding of the preparation, properties and methods of solvolysis of bile acid sulphates is basic for investigations of cholestasis and liver disease.

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