A Comparison of Double-Isotope Derivative and Radioimmunological Estimation of Plasma Aldosterone Concentration in Man

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fraser ◽  
Sheena Guest ◽  
Jessie Young
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Pool ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Derivative Method ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Suitable Technique ◽  
Double Isotope

1. Two techniques for estimating plasma aldosterone concentration are compared by means of repeated assays of a plasma pool and also by analysis of a wide range of plasma samples. 2. No significant difference was found in the results obtained by the methods. Radioimmunoassay required only one tenth of the volume of plasma needed for the double-isotope derivative method. 3. Its rapidity and relative inexpensiveness makes radioimmunoassay at present the most suitable technique for large-scale population screening.

scholarly journals Modelling the neural code in large populations of correlated neurons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sacha Sokoloski ◽  
Amir Aschner ◽  
Ruben Coen-Cagli
Keyword(s):  
Neural Coding ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neural Code ◽  
Neural Population ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Quantitative Understanding

AbstractThe activity of a neural population encodes information about the stimulus that caused it, and decoding population activity reveals how neural circuits process that information. Correlations between neurons strongly impact both encoding and decoding, yet we still lack models that simultaneously capture stimulus encoding by large populations of correlated neurons and allow for accurate decoding of stimulus information, thus limiting our quantitative understanding of the neural code. To address this, we propose a class of models of large-scale population activity based on the theory of exponential family distributions. We apply our models to macaque primary visual cortex (V1) recordings, and show they capture a wide range of response statistics, facilitate accurate Bayesian decoding, and provide interpretable representations of fundamental properties of the neural code. Ultimately, our framework could allow researchers to quantitatively validate predictions of theories of neural coding against both large-scale response recordings and cognitive performance.

Aldosterone binding to mineralocorticoid receptors of mononuclear leukocytes in diabetic subjects

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Shimada ◽  
Keigo Yasuda ◽  
Akihiro Mori ◽  
Huiping Ni ◽  
Leilani B Mercado-Asis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference

We present the characteristic features of mineralocorticoid receptor regulation in human mononuclear leukocytes in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eighteen diabetic patients (3M and 15F, aged from 28 to 77 years with a mean of 53±14 (mean±sd) years) and 7 normal subjects (6M and IF, aged from 29 to 59 years with a mean of 41±13 years) were studied. The mean plasma aldosterone concentration in the diabetic patients was significantly lower than that in the normal subjects (137±62 vs 189±36 pmol/l, p<0.05). Seven of the 18 diabetic patients were hypoaldosteronemic. These 7 patients, however, showed normokalemia, except one with mild hyperpotassemia. The number of binding sites of [3H]aldosterone to mineralocorticoid receptor in the diabetic patients was significantly higher than that in the normal subjects (853±281 vs 488±109 sites/cell, p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in Kd of [3H]aldosterone binding to mineralocorticoid receptor between the diabetic patients and normal subjects (1.34±0.37 vs 0.99±0.61 nmol/l). In the diabetic patients, a significant negative correlation was observed (r=0.70, p<0.01) between plasma aldosterone concentration and the binding sites, but not between plasma aldosterone concentration and Kd. In the total subjects, including normal subjects and diabetic patients, a significant negative correlation was also found between plasma aldosterone concentration and binding sites (r=0.72, p<0.001). These results suggest that increased binding sites of mineralocorticoid receptor may help to prevent diabetic patients from being hyperkalemic.

PLASMA ALDOSTERONE DETERMINATION WITH 35S-p-TOLUENE-SULPHONIC ANHYDRIDE

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Scholer ◽  
A. M. Riondel ◽  
E. L. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Derivative Method ◽  
Replicate Measurements ◽  
Double Isotope

ABSTRACT The double isotope derivative method for plasma aldosterone, (Bojesen & Thuneberg 1967), has been applied to human peripheral plasma. 35S-p-toluene-sulphonic anhydride was used as the labelled reagent (100–150 mCi/mEq.) and 3H-aldosterone (30 Ci/mm; 0.05 ng added to each sample) as indicator. The initial derivative (aldosterone-21-35S-tosylester) was transformed to its 11,18-γ-lactone and finally to its 3-dinitrophenylhydrazone. Purification was achieved by 1 paper chromatography and 4 thin-layer chromatographies. The overall-recovery was 10 ± 2.7 (sd)%, n = 134. The non-specific blank was 0.053 ± 0.044 (sd), when determined on water samples, and 0.068 ± 0.034 (sd) ng/5 ml, when determined on adrenalectomised human plasmas (non-specific water blank of the same series: 0.064±0.037 (sd) ng). The addition of a known amount of aldosterone to a plasma resulted in a linear relationship over the range examined: y = (0.947 ± 0.013) × + 0.696, P = 0.000, and aldosterone from 1.0 to 5.0 ng was measured with an accuracy of 95%. Replicate measurements of different volumes of the same plasma from 1.0 to 7.5 ml showed a calculated regression line of y = (0.148 ± 0.005) × −0.01, P = 0.002. Replicate measurements of the same plasma (n = 8) gave a mean value of 0.14±0.01 (sd) ng, a range between 0.13 and 0.15 ng and a coefficient of variation of 7%. Thus, it was possible to determine a peripheral plasma level of 7 ng/100 ml in 2 ml plasma and a level of 3.5 ng/100 ml in 4 ml plasma.

47 COMPARISON BETWEEN CRYOLOOP AND OPEN PULLED STRAW VITRIFICATION METHODS FOR BOS INDICUS BLASTOCYSTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Herrera-Puerta ◽  
N. Chavarria ◽  
R. Urrego ◽  
N. Rodriguez-Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hatching Rates

A major obstacle of large-scale commercial application of bovine in vitro fertilization is the lack of a suitable cryopreservation method for supernumerary embryos produced. The traditional slow-freezing method has proven to be effective for embryos of a wide range of mammalian species; however, the formation of intracellular ice is still a challenge and the efficiency needs to be improved. Over the past decade, several advances have taken place in vitrification technologies, such that it can provide high efficiency with better pregnancy outcome due to its high cooling rates and the lack of crystals formed inside the cells. Most vitrification methods have been evaluated in Bos taurus cattle but more still remains to be investigated in Bos indicus races predominant in the tropics. There are several vitrification protocols and holders, including CryoLoop, open pulled straw (OPS), MS Grids, and Cryotop, among others. The CryoLoop method uses a nylon loop attached to a metal Cryovial lid were blastocysts are placed on an equilibration solution film. CryoLoop cooling rates are approximately 20.000°C min–1 and have shown very good results in humans. The OPS is a well-known support for bovine blastocysts; the embryos are taken by capillarity into the OPS and use a 1- to 2-μL drop of final equilibration solution. Cooling rates using this method are approximately 2.000°C min–1. The aim of this work was to prove CryoLoop and OPS vitrification methods in Bos indicus blastocyst and compare re-expansion and hatching rates 24 h after warming. Ovaries were collected from a local slaughterhouse and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were treated for the standard IVF method. A total of 60 blastocysts were vitrified in CryoLoops and 68 blastocysts in OPS (within 4 repeats). For CryoLoops, groups of 2 blastocysts were placed in a solution of 7.5% ethylene glycol (EG) and 7.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 3 min, and then were placed in a solution of 15% EG, 15% DMSO, 10 mg mL–1 of Ficoll 70, and 0.65 M sucrose for 20 s, and rapidly were put into the nylon loop and taken to the LN. For OPS, groups of 2 to 3 blastocysts were placed in a solution of 10% EG and 10% DMSO for 1 min, and then were placed in a solution of 20% EG and 20% DMSO for 20 s, and rapidly were taken by capillarity into the OPS and taken to the LN. Thawing was the same for both treatments; vitrified blastocysts were taken out from the LN and rapidly put into a solution of 0.3 M sucrose for 2 min and then put into a solution of 0.2 M sucrose for 3 min, were washed twice in TCM199 supplemented with 10% FCS, and cultured for 24 h in CR1aa media. Data were analysed using the R language. Media comparison for proportions was done using a chi-squared test. No significant difference was observed in re-expansion or hatching rates between CryoLoop and OPS supports (P = 0.01 for both); however, the CryoLoop method showed more efficiency than OPS in re-expansion rate (65 v. 44.4%, respectively) and hatching rate (30.8 v. 20%, respectively). In all cases, the CryoLoop method showed much better outcomes. The results indicate that vitrification in CryoLoops is a suitable method for cryopreservation of Bos indicus blastocysts.

Effect of Immunization against Angiotensin II on Blood Pressure and on Plasma Aldosterone in the Rabbit

1975 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-420
Author(s):  
R. Beckerhoff ◽  
M. Kappeler ◽  
W. Vetter ◽  
H. Armbruster ◽  
W. Siegenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Clear Increase

1. Rabbits were actively immunized against angiotensin II (AII). 2. Basal plasma aldosterone concentration was 0.058 ±0.027 pmol/ml (20.7±9.6 pg/ml) (mean±SD) in immunized and 0.056±0.021 pmol/ml (20.2±7.5 pg/ml) in control animals during suppression of adrenocorticotrophic hormone by dexamethasone. When the endogenous formation of AII was stimulated by frusemide, by haemorrhage or by feeding with low sodium diet, a significant increase of plasma aldosterone was observed with no difference between immunized and non-immunized animals. 3. In non-immune rabbits, the average mean arterial blood pressure rose 13 mmHg during the infusion of AII (5 pmol min−1 kg−1) and 27 mmHg during the infusion of 50 pmol min−1 kg−1. In contrast, there was no clear increase in blood pressure in the immunized animals. The blood pressure rose in immune animals (15 mmHg) and in non-immune animals (36 mmHg) during the infusion of 200 pmol min−1 kg−1 AII. Plasma aldosterone rose in all animals in response to each of the three infusions with no significant difference between the two groups. 4. It is concluded that the immunization against AII blocked only the pressor effect of the peptide but had no clear influence on the response of plasma aldosterone to increased AII. Differences between the affinities of the adrenal and vascular AII receptors may explain these findings.

scholarly journals Comparative clinical outcomes of dronedarone and sotalol in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
So-Ryoung Lee ◽  
Eue-Keun Choi ◽  
Ji-Hyun Kim ◽  
Jung-Ae Kim ◽  
Tae-Yeon Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nonpharmacological Treatment ◽  
Claims Database ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Asian Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
To Receive

Abstract We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dronedarone versus sotalol in real-world practice in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Using the Korean nationwide claims database from August 2013 to December 2016, we identified patients with AF recently prescribed dronedarone or sotalol and analyzed the hospitalization risk and all-cause death until December 2017. Overall, 3119 and 1575 patients treated with dronedarone and sotalol, respectively, were included. After propensity score weighting, no significant differences were observed between the treatment groups. Dronedarone use was associated with a lower risk of all-cause hospitalization than sotalol use (hazard ratio [HR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70–0.88). The dronedarone group demonstrated a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization than the sotalol group (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.53–0.72); however, no significant difference was observed in non-CV hospitalization. No difference in the risk of all-cause death was observed between groups. The dronedarone group was significantly less likely to receive nonpharmacological treatment for AF than the sotalol group (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.51–0.77). In a large-scale population of Asian patients with AF, dronedarone was associated with a lower risk of CV hospitalization and a lower need for nonpharmacological treatment for AF than sotalol.

scholarly journals The Hi-GAL catalogue of dusty filamentary structures in the Galactic plane

2019 ◽  
Vol 492 (4) ◽  
pp. 5420-5456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Schisano ◽  
S Molinari ◽  
D Elia ◽  
M Benedettini ◽  
L Olmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Significant Extension

ABSTRACT The recent data collected by Herschel have confirmed that interstellar structures with a filamentary shape are ubiquitously present in the Milky Way. Filaments are thought to be formed by several physical mechanisms acting from large Galactic scales down to subparsec fractions of molecular clouds, and they might represent a possible link between star formation and the large-scale structure of the Galaxy. In order to study this potential link, a statistically significant sample of filaments spread throughout the Galaxy is required. In this work, we present the first catalogue of 32 059 candidate filaments automatically identified in the Herschel Infrared Galactic plane Survey (Hi-GAL) of the entire Galactic plane. For these objects, we determined morphological (length la and geometrical shape) and physical (average column density $N_{\rm H_{2}}$ and average temperature T) properties. We identified filaments with a wide range of properties: 2 ≤ la ≤ 100 arcmin, $10^{20} \le N_{\rm H_{2}} \le 10^{23}$ cm−2 and 10 ≤ T ≤ 35 K. We discuss their association with the Hi-GAL compact sources, finding that the most tenuous (and stable) structures do not host any major condensation. We also assign a distance to ∼18 400 filaments, for which we determine mass, physical size, stability conditions and Galactic distribution. When compared with the spiral arms structure, we find no significant difference between the physical properties of on-arm and inter-arm filaments. We compare our sample with previous studies, finding that our Hi-GAL filament catalogue represents a significant extension in terms of Galactic coverage and sensitivity. This catalogue represents a unique and important tool for future studies devoted to understanding the filament life-cycle.

The Application of DNA Ploidy Analysis in Large-Scale Population Screening for Cervical Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yulin Guo ◽  
Qiuzi Peng ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Xiaoyun Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dna Ploidy ◽  
Population Screening ◽  
Opportunistic Screening ◽  
Ploidy Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scale Population

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of DNA ploidy analysis in large-scale population screening for cervical cancer. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> From March 2016 to March 2019, eligible subjects were enrolled and recommended to undergo DNA ploidy analysis, the ThinPrep cytology test (TCT), and high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) detection concurrently. Patients with positive results were recommended for colposcopy, and biopsy diagnosis was regarded as the “gold standard.” We compared the test efficiencies of the 3 methods and compared the efficiency and accuracy of the TCT in our hospital and the “2-cancer screening” project in Hubei Province during the same period. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 20,574 women, the positive rates of DNA ploidy analysis, cytology, and hrHPV testing were 4.01%, 4.71%, and 16.28%, respectively. The sensitivities of these methods for screening for grade 2+ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were 0.70, 0.68, and 0.96, and their specificities were 0.79, 0.82, and 0.45, respectively. On comparing DNA ploidy analysis with the TCT, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and missed diagnosis rate. In opportunistic screening and the 2-cancer screening project, the positive rates of cytology were 4.71% and 2.87%, respectively. And the efficiency and accuracy of the TCT in opportunistic screening were higher than in the 2-cancer screening project. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Therefore, DNA ploidy analysis, which is of low-cost and does not depend on cytopathologists, can replace cytology and be applied in large-scale population screening for cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Renal impairment is closely associated with plasma aldosterone concentration in patients with primary aldosteronism

2019 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyuki Kawashima ◽  
Masakatsu Sone ◽  
Nobuya Inagaki ◽  
Yoshiyu Takeda ◽  
Hiroshi Itoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective Several clinical studies have reported that renal impairments are sometimes observed in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). We analyzed the prevalence of renal impairments in PA patients and identified parameters that increase the risk for them. Design This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. We assessed the PA database established by the multicenter Japan PA study (JPAS). Data were also collected from patients with essential hypertension (EHT). Methods We compared the prevalences of proteinuria and lowered estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between patients with PA and age, sex, blood pressure and duration of hypertension-matched patients with EHT. We also performed logistic regression analysis to identify parameters that increase the risk for these renal impairments. Results Among 2366 PA patients, the prevalences of proteinuria and lowered eGFR were 10.3 and 11.6%, respectively. The prevalence of proteinuria was significantly higher in PA patients than matched-EHT patients (16.8 vs 4.4%), whereas there was no significant difference in the prevalence of lowered eGFR (17.2 vs 15.0%). The logistic regression analysis also showed that the plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) significantly increases the risk of proteinuria and lowered eGFR, independent of other known risk factors. Conclusion Plasma aldosterone levels are closely associated with renal impairment in patients with PA. This is contrast to our earlier finding that the PAC was not itself linearly associated with cardiovascular events such as stroke or ischemic heart disease. The mechanism underlying the kidney damage in patients with PA may differ from that affecting the cardiovascular system.

scholarly journals Population Genotype Calling from Low-coverage Sequencing Data

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Huang ◽  
Petr Danecek ◽  
Sivan Bercovici ◽  
Serafim Batzoglou
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Low Coverage

In recent years, several large-scale whole-genome projects sequencing tens of thousands of individuals were completed, with larger studies are underway. These projects aim to provide high-quality genotypes for a large number of whole genomes in a cost-efficient manner, by sequencing each genome at low coverage and subsequently identifying alleles jointly in the entire cohort. Here we present Ref-Reveel, a novel method for large-scale population genotyping. We show that Ref-Reveel provides genotyping at a higher accuracy and higher efficiency in comparison to existing methods by applying our method to one of the largest whole-genome sequencing datasets presently available to the public. We further show that utilizing the resulting genotype panel as references, through the Ref-Reveel framework, greatly improves the ability to call genotypes accurately on newly sequenced genomes. In addition, we present a Ref-Reveel pipeline that is applicable for genotyping of very small datasets. In summary, Ref-Reveel is an accurate, scalable and applicable method for a wide range of genotyping scenarios, and will greatly improves the quality of calling genomic alterations in current and future large-scale sequencing projects.

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