Determination of Leg Blood Flow During Exercise in Man: An Indicator-Dilution Technique Based on Femoral Venous Dye Infusion

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wahren ◽  
L. Jorfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Indicator Dilution ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Indicator Dilution Technique

1. A dye-dilution method has been developed for the determination of leg blood flow in man. The method is based on the infusion of indicator into the distal part of the femoral vein with blood sampling from the same vein at the level of the inguinal ligament. Catheterization of the femoral artery is not required. Evidence of adequate mixing of dye and blood is presented, based on the finding of the same dye concentration in samples from two different levels in the femoral vein. 2. Leg blood flow measured by this technique at rest and during exercise in six healthy subjects was found to agree closely with simultaneous determinations with an intra-arterial indicator-dilution technique. The reproducibility of the blood-flow measurements, expressed as the coefficient of variation for a single determination, was 9·8%. 3. A routine procedure is suggested for leg blood-flow determination based on femoral venous dye infusion. Using this procedure, leg blood flow was measured in twelve healthy subjects at rest and during exercise at work loads of 100, 200, 400 and 600 kpm/min. A linear relationship was found between leg blood flow and pulmonary oxygen uptake. 4. The applicability of this method to the study of patients with occlusive arterial disease of the leg is illustrated by findings in two patients before and after vascular reconstruction.

Respiratory physiology teaching: determination of residual volume by applying the indicator-dilution technique.

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. S53
Author(s):  
H Heller ◽  
K Granitza ◽  
B Eixmann
Keyword(s):  
Indicator Dilution ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Laboratory Courses ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Indicator Dilution Technique ◽  
Single Breath Method

Apart from the current teaching of spirometric methods in laboratory courses on respiratory physiology, we have included an experiment in which medical students determine their own residual volume by applying the indicator-dilution technique. For hygienic reasons we used a bag-in-the-box system to dilute helium within alveolar space by performing the single-breath method. Although each participant independently underwent only one single-breath maneuver, we gained a reliable relationship between residual volume and subjects' height and body weight in 68 female (r = 0.6, P < 0.0001) and 99 male (r = 0.42, P < 0.0001) students. From this successful outcome and with the opportunity to discuss the limitations of the single-breath method as well, we inferred that this experiment affords a transparent and instructive approach to interpreting the determination of lung volumes on the basis of the indicator-dilution technique.

Determination of Human Leg Blood Flow: A Thermodilution Technique Based on Femoral Venous Bolus Injection

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jorfeldt ◽  
A. Juhlin-Dannfelt ◽  
B. Pernow ◽  
E. Wassén
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Thermodilution Technique ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Single Determination ◽  
Calf Pain

1. A thermodilution method was developed for the determination of human leg blood flow. The method is based on bolus injection of an indicator distally into the femoral vein, at room temperature, and recording of the dilution curve in the same vessel at the level of the inguinal ligament. The blood flow was computed automatically with two thermistors and an integrator. 2. The leg blood flow determined by this method at rest and during exercise at work loads of 50, 100 and 150 W in six healthy subjects was found to agree closely with measurements by an intraarterial indicator-dilution technique. A linear relationship was found between leg blood flow and work. The reproducibility of the blood flow determinations, expressed as the coefficient of variation for a single determination, was 12·9 at rest and 5·3 or less during exercise. 3. The method was used in two patients with occlusive arterial disease of the leg. Extremely low leg blood flows were found in these patients when they were forced to interrupt the exercise by severe calf pain.

Bedside Assessment of Cerebral Blood Flow by Double-indicator Dilution Technique

2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Götz J. K. Wietasch ◽  
Frank Mielck ◽  
Martin Scholz ◽  
Tilman von Spiegel ◽  
Heidrun Stephan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Coronary Bypass ◽  
Central Venous Line ◽  
Indicator Dilution ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Indicator Dilution Technique ◽  
Double Indicator Dilution

Background Currently, quantitative measurement of global cerebral blood flow (CBF) at bedside is not widely performed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a newly developed method for bedside measurement of CBF based on thermodilution in a clinical setting. Methods The investigation was performed in 14 anesthetized patients before coronary bypass surgery. CBF was altered by hypocapnia, normocapnia, and hypercapnia. CBF was measured simultaneously by the Kety-Schmidt inert-gas technique with argon and a newly developed transcerebral double-indicator dilution technique (TCID). For TCID, bolus injections of ice-cold indocyanine green were performed via a central venous line, and the resulting thermo-dye dilution curves were recorded simultaneously in the aorta and the jugular bulb using combined fiberoptic thermistor catheters. CBF was calculated from the mean transit times of the indicators through the brain. Results Both methods of measurement of CBF indicate a decrease during hypocapnia and an increase during hypercapnia, whereas cerebral metabolic rate remained unchanged. Bias between CBF(TCID) and CBFargon was -7.1+/-2.2 (SEM) ml x min(-1) x 100 g(-1); precision (+/- 2 x SD of differences) between methods was 26.6 ml x min(-1) x 100 g(-1). Conclusions In the clinical setting, TCID was feasible and less time-consuming than alternative methods. The authors conclude that TCID is an alternative method to measure global CBF at bedside and offers a new opportunity to monitor cerebral perfusion of patients.

Comparison of Dye-Dilution and Plethysmographic Blood Flow Measurements: An Evaluation of the Influence of Invasive Techniques on Blood Flow and on Arterial and Femoral Venous Substrate Variables in Man

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Jorfeldt ◽  
Hans Rutberg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Fick Principle ◽  
Strain Gauge Plethysmography ◽  
Dye Dilution

1. In eight healthy volunteers we compared leg blood flow, as determined in a calf segment by strain-gauge plethysmography, with the flow measured by a constant-rate infusion of Indocyanine Green dye into the femoral artery. The representativeness of the calf segment was evaluated by complementary measurements with additional strain gauges attached around the proximal and distal crural and the distal thigh segments (n = 6). Furthermore, we investigated the influence of the catheterization procedure and a simulated vascular puncture, as well as repeated venous occlusions, on blood flow and on arterial and femoral venous substrate concentrations and blood gases (n = 8). 2. The leg blood flow measured by dye dilution was 0.31 ± 0.03 litre/min (mean ± sem). The blood flow in the calf segments was 14.8 ± 1.6 ml min−1 litre−1 and no difference between the legs was observed. Extended to the whole leg the plethysmographic blood flow was 0.17 ± 0.01 litre/min and thus lower (43 ± 7%, P < 0.001) than the flow determined by the indicator-dilution method. Blood flow in the legs was not influenced by catheterization or sham punctures of the vessels or by repeated venous occlusions. 3. The concentrations of glucose, lactate and glycerol, as well as blood gas variables, in arterial and femoral venous blood did not change during the study or decreased so slightly (pH and lactate) that the arteriovenous difference was not influenced. 4. We conclude that the blood flow of the total leg cannot be satisfactorily estimated from strain-gauge plethysmography of a single calf segment. Strain-gauge plethysmography can therefore not be recommended for quantitative studies of substrate turnover in the leg tissues applying the Fick principle. Catheterization of the femoral vessels, or manipulations close to them with a thin cannula or repeated venous occlusions, has no significant effect on leg blood flow and substrate exchange.

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