The Different Effects of Oral Sucrose and Glucose on Alimentary Lipaemia

1971 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Mann ◽  
A. S. Truswell ◽  
B. L. Pimstone
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Fatty Meal ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Blood Sugar Curve ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Oral Sucrose

1. A formula breakfast containing protein, carbohydrate and fat was given on two occasions to nine middle-aged male convalescent patients and to ten young men. The meals differed only in the type of carbohydrate given; sucrose or an isocalorific amount of glucose. 2. After the formula meal containing sucrose; (a) the alimentary lipaemia was cleared more slowly; (b) insulin response was smaller, and (c) there was a lower blood sugar curve than after the glucose meal. 3. The degree of lipaemia showed a significant positive correlation with insulin response which was, as expected, lower after sucrose than glucose. While attempting to confirm a report (Schilling, Hashim & Leonardy, 1964) that serum triglycerides are not significantly elevated after the ingestion of a small mixed meal, it was noticed that the triglyceride concentrations seemed to depend on the type of carbohydrate given (Mann & Truswell, 1971). Albrink, Fitzgerald & Mann (1958) and Sullivan (1960) have shown that the lipaemia which occurs after a fatty meal is diminished by the addition of glucose to the meal. Krut & Barsky (1964) found that postprandial lipaemia in patients with ischaemic heart disease is decreased by intravenous infusion of glucose and insulin. These considerations led us to examine the effects of glucose and sucrose and subsequent insulin release on alimentary lipaemia.

scholarly journals Ethanol with a mixed meal increases postprandial triacylglycerol but decreases postprandial non-esterified fatty acid concentrations

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Fielding ◽  
Guy Reid Michelle Grady ◽  
Sandy M. Humphreys ◽  
Kevin Evans ◽  
Keith N. Frayn
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Specific Fatty Acid

Plasma triacylglycerol concentrations increase after the acute ingestion of alcohol (specifically ethanol). However, the effect of ethanol when consumed with a mixed meal has not been well studied. The objective of the present study was to determine the perturbations of lipid metabolism that occur after ingestion of ethanol in combination with a mixed meal of specific fatty acid composition. Blood samples were taken from seven healthy male subjects before and after a mixed meal, with and without ethanol. The specific fatty acid composition of the test meal allowed the fatty acids to be traced into the plasma non-esterified fatty acid pool during the postprandial period. Statistical analysis by repeated measures ANOVA showed significant effects of ethanol. For example, postprandial lipaemia was enhanced after the ethanol test meal compared with the control (P< 0·05), mainly due to increases in triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in the flotation range Sf60–400 (VLDL1) (P< 0·05); those in the range Sf20–60 (VLDL2) and also Sf> 400 (chylomicrons) were not significantly affected. The later postprandial increase in plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations was reduced after the ingestion of ethanol (P< 0·001), but the proportions of palmitoleic acid (a marker of fatty acid content of the test meal) and of linoleic acid (a marker of endogenous lipolysis) were not affected. The results suggest a primary effect of ethanol on the stimulation of secretion of large VLDL particles, which then compete for clearance with chylomicrons by lipoprotein lipase. The results do not support an effect of ethanol on the release of non-esterified fatty acid into the plasma. The suppression of plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations during the postprandial period may contribute towards the beneficial effects of moderate ethanol consumption.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sex Differences on Endothelial Function and Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Hypertriglyceridemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zi Ren ◽  
Jiayi Guo ◽  
Xingxing Xiao ◽  
Jiana Huang ◽  
Manchao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Background. Men have a higher risk and earlier onset of cardiovascular diseases compared with premenopausal women. Hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of ischemic heart disease. Endothelial dysfunction is related to the development of ischemic heart disease. Whether sex differences will affect the circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and endothelial function in hypertriglyceridemia patients or not is not clear. Methods. Forty premenopausal women and forty age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched men without cardiovascular and metabolic disease were recruited and then divided into four groups: normotriglyceridemic women (women with serum triglycerides level <150 mg/dl), hypertriglyceridemic women (women with serum triglycerides level ≥150 mg/dl), normotriglyceridemic men (men with serum triglycerides level <150 mg/dl), and hypertriglyceridemic men (men with serum triglycerides level ≥150 mg/dl). Peripheral blood was obtained and evaluated. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), the number and activity of circulating EPCs, and the levels of nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in plasma and culture medium were measured. Results. The number and activity of circulating EPCs, as well as the level of NO in plasma or culture medium, were remarkably increased in premenopausal females compared with those in males both in the hypertriglyceridemic group and the normotriglyceridemic group. The EPC counts and activity, as well as the production of NO, were restored in hypertriglyceridemic premenopausal women compared with those in normal women. However, in hypertriglyceridemic men, the EPC counts and activity, as well as levels of NO, were significantly reduced. The values of VEGF and GM-CSF were without statistical change. Conclusions. The present study firstly demonstrated that there were sex differences in the number and activity of circulating EPCs in hyperglyceridemia patients. Hypertriglyceridemic premenopausal women displayed restored endothelial functions, with elevated NO production, probably mediated by estradiol. We provided a new insight to explore the clinical biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for hypertriglyceridemia-related vascular damage.

Serum Triglycerides in Health and in Ischemic Heart Disease

1965 ◽  
Vol 273 (18) ◽  
pp. 947-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Brown ◽  
Sandra H. Kinch ◽  
Joseph T. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Serum Triglycerides

scholarly journals Effects of isocaloric exchange of dietary sucrose and starch on fasting serum lipids, postprandial insulin secretion and alimentary lipaemia in human subjects

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Mann ◽  
A. S. Truswell
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Serum Triglycerides

1. Fasting serum cholesterol and triglyceride, and post prandial insulin secretion and lipaemia were measured in human subjects in a metabolic ward, who were given an ordinary diet (diet 1) in which the sucrose was isocalorically replaced by starch (diet 2) or vice versa. The subjects were nine healthy normolipaemic adult males. In eight of these subjects the effect of sucrose calorie reduction (diet 3) on fasting serum lipids was also studied.2. When starch replaced sucrose, there were no singnificant differences in fasting serum lipid concentrations or immunoreactive insulin or in the insulin response and alimentary lipaemia after a standard mixed breakfast.3. Serum triglyceride concentration fell and cholesterol concentration rose during the period of sucrose (and calorie) restriction.4. After lunch and supper on the first two diets (when different carbohydrates were given) the lipaemic response was larger and the insulin response smaller after meals containing sucrose.5. Thus, there was no difference between concentrations of fasting serum lipids when starch replaced sucrose at 23% total calories, but the concentrations of serum triglycerides were higher after individual mixed meals containing sucrose.6. There were no significant differences in the fatty acid patterns of serum lipids on the different diets.

scholarly journals Influence of endurance training on central sympathetic outflow to skeletal muscle in response to a mixed meal

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 882-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin N. Young ◽  
Shekhar H. Deo ◽  
Areum Kim ◽  
Masahiro Horiuchi ◽  
Catherine R. Mikus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Central Sympathetic Outflow

Nutrient intake is accompanied by increases in central sympathetic outflow, a response that has been mainly attributed to insulin. Insulin-mediated sympathoexcitation appears to be blunted in insulin-resistant conditions, suggesting that aside from peripheral insulin insensitivity, such conditions may also impair the central action of insulin in mediating sympathetic activation. What remains unclear is whether an insulin-sensitive state, such as that induced by chronic endurance training, alters the central sympathetic effects of insulin during postprandial conditions. To examine this question plasma insulin and glucose, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), heart rate, and arterial blood pressure were measured in 11 high-fit [HF; peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak) 65.9 ± 1.4 ml·kg−1·min−1] and 9 average-fit (AF; V̇o2peak 43.6 ± 1.3 ml·kg−1·min−1) male subjects before and for 120 min after ingestion of a mixed meal drink. As expected, the insulin response to meal ingestion was lower in HF than AF participants (insulin area under the curve0–120: 2,314 ± 171 vs. 4,028 ± 460 μIU·ml−1·120−1, HF vs. AF, P < 0.05), with similar plasma glucose responses between groups. Importantly, following consumption of the meal, the HF subjects demonstrated a greater rise in MSNA compared with the AF subjects (e.g., 120 min: Δ21 ± 1 vs. 8 ± 3 bursts/100 heart beats, HF vs. AF, P < 0.05). Furthermore, when expressed relative to plasma insulin, HF subjects exhibited a greater change in MSNA for any given change in insulin. Arterial blood pressure responses following meal intake were similar between groups. Collectively, these data suggest that, in addition to improved peripheral insulin sensitivity, endurance training may enhance the central sympathetic effect of insulin to increase MSNA following consumption of a mixed meal.

Nonfasting serum triglycerides and risk of ischemic heart disease among Japanese men and women

2004 ◽  
Vol 1262 ◽  
pp. 200-202
Author(s):  
Hiroyasu Iso ◽  
Akihiko Kitamura ◽  
Shinichi Sato ◽  
Yoshihiko Naito ◽  
Noriyuki Imano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Men And Women
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