The non-receptor tyrosine kinase ACK: regulatory mechanisms, signalling pathways and opportunities for attACKing cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1715-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Millie Fox ◽  
Claire Crafter ◽  
Darerca Owen
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Effector Protein ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Small G Protein ◽  
Current Knowledge Base

Activated Cdc42-associated kinase or ACK, is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase and an effector protein for the small G protein Cdc42. A substantial body of evidence has accumulated in the past few years heavily implicating ACK as a driver of oncogenic processes. Concomitantly, more is also being revealed regarding the signalling pathways involving ACK and molecular details of its modes of action. Some details are also available regarding the regulatory mechanisms of this kinase, including activation and regulation of its catalytic activity, however, a full understanding of these aspects remains elusive. This review considers the current knowledge base concerning ACK and summarizes efforts and future prospects to target ACK therapeutically in cancer.

scholarly journals The trigger (and the restriction) of Torso RTK activation

Open Biology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 180180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Mineo ◽  
Marc Furriols ◽  
Jordi Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Late Development ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Hormone Control

The Torso pathway is an ideal model of receptor tyrosine kinase systems, in particular when addressing questions such as how receptor activity is turned on and, equally important, how it is restricted, how different outcomes can be generated from a single signal, and the extent to which gene regulation by signalling pathways relies on the relief of transcriptional repression. In this regard, we considered it pertinent to single out the fundamental notions learned from the Torso pathway beyond the specificities of this system (Furriols and Casanova 2003 EMBO J. 22 , 1947–1952. ( doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg224 )). Since then, the Torso system has gained relevance and its implications beyond its original involvement in morphogenesis and into many disciplines such as oncogenesis, hormone control and neurobiology are now acknowledged. Thus, we believe that it is timely to highlight additional notions supported by new findings and to draw attention to future prospects. Given the late development of research in the field, we wish to devote this review to the events leading to the activation of the Torso receptor, the main focus of our most recent work.

Workplace Envy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle K. Duffy ◽  
KiYoung Lee ◽  
Elizabeth A. Adair
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Knowledge Base ◽  
Practical Implications

In the past 20 years, there has been a growing interest in the phenomenon of workplace envy. This article provides an overarching review and analysis of the workplace envy literature. We first consider conceptual and measurement challenges facing envy researchers. We then review the current knowledge base in the research with a focus on synthesizing what we have learned regarding workplace envy's transmutations, highlighting directions for future research. We explore two relatively understudied areas in the envy literature—antecedents of envy and the experience of being envied. We discuss methodologies used in the literature to study envy and outcomes and conclude with a focus on cross-cultural and practical implications. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, Volume 8 is January 21, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Sprouty: a controversial role in receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathways

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1445-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Li ◽  
L. Wheldon ◽  
J.K. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Rich Domain ◽  
Growth Factor Signalling ◽  
Cysteine Rich Domain ◽  
Growth Factor Signalling Pathway

Sprouty was first identified in Drosophila as a novel antagonist of the fibroblast growth factor signalling pathway. Sprouty proteins comprise a big family, members of which are characterized by a cysteine-rich domain which confers inhibitory activity, whereas differences in the N-terminal region may be responsible for functional divergence. The role of Sprouty in RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase) signalling pathways is still controversial. Sprouty may negatively or positively regulate RTK signalling via differential interaction with different signalling molecules, and hence exert different mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Targeted Cancer Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshimitsu Yamaoka ◽  
Sojiro Kusumoto ◽  
Koichi Ando ◽  
Motoi Ohba ◽  
Tohru Ohmori
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Targeted Inhibitors

In the past two decades, several molecular targeted inhibitors have been developed and evaluated clinically to improve the survival of patients with cancer. Molecular targeted inhibitors inhibit the activities of pathogenic tyrosine kinases. Particularly, aberrant receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation is a potential therapeutic target. An increased understanding of genetics, cellular biology and structural biology has led to the development of numerous important therapeutics. Pathogenic RTK mutations, deletions, translocations and amplification/over-expressions have been identified and are currently being examined for their roles in cancers. Therapies targeting RTKs are categorized as small-molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Studies are underway to explore abnormalities in 20 types of RTK subfamilies in patients with cancer or other diseases. In this review, we describe representative RTKs important for developing cancer therapeutics and predicting or evaluated resistance mechanisms.

scholarly journals It takes two to tango – molecular links between plant immunity and brassinosteroid signalling

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (22) ◽  
pp. jcs246728
Author(s):  
Fausto Andres Ortiz-Morea ◽  
Ping He ◽  
Libo Shan ◽  
Eugenia Russinova
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plant Defence Response

ABSTRACTIn response to the invasion of microorganisms, plants actively balance their resources for growth and defence, thus ensuring their survival. The regulatory mechanisms underlying plant immunity and growth operate through complex networks, in which the brassinosteroid phytohormone is one of the central players. In the past decades, a growing number of studies have revealed a multi-layered crosstalk between brassinosteroid-mediated growth and plant immunity. In this Review, by means of the tango metaphor, we immerse ourselves into the intimate relationship between brassinosteroid and plant immune signalling pathways that is tailored by the lifestyle of the pathogen and modulated by other phytohormones. The plasma membrane is the unique stage where brassinosteroid and immune signals are dynamically integrated and where compartmentalization into nanodomains that host distinct protein consortia is crucial for the dance. Shared downstream signalling components and transcription factors relay the tango play to the nucleus to activate the plant defence response and other phytohormonal signalling pathways for the finale. Understanding how brassinosteroid and immune signalling pathways are integrated in plants will help develop strategies to minimize the growth–defence trade-off, a key challenge for crop improvement.

The torso pathway in Drosophila: a model system to study receptor tyrosine kinase signal transduction

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyi Lu ◽  
Lizabeth A. Perkins ◽  
Norbert Perrimon
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Drosophila Embryo ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Threonine Kinase ◽  
Gap Genes

In the Drosophila embryo, specification of terminal cell fates that result in the formation of both the head (acron) and tail (telson) regions is under the control of the torso (tor) receptor tyrosine kinase. The current knowledge suggests that activation of tor at the egg pole initiates a signal transduction pathway that is mediated sequentially by the guanine nucleotide releasing factor son of sevenless (Sos), the p21Ras1 GTPase, the serine/threonine kinase D-raf and the tyrosine/threonine kinase MAPKK (Dsor1). Subsequently, it is postulated that activation, possibly by phosphorylation, of a transcription factor at the egg poles activates the transcription of the terminal gap genes tailless and huckebein. These gap genes, which encode putative transcription factors, then control the expression of more downstream factors that ultimately result in head and tail differentiation. Also involved in tor signaling is the non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase corkscrew (csw). Here, we review the current model and discuss future research directions in this field.

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