Genetic elements of Thermococcales

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Prieur ◽  
G. Erauso ◽  
C. Geslin ◽  
S. Lucas ◽  
M. Gaillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Genetic Tools ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Cryptic Plasmids

This minireview summarizes our current knowledge about archaeal genetic elements in the hyperthermophilic order Thermococcales in the phylum Euryarchaeota. This includes recent work on the first virus of Pyrococcus, PAV1, the discovery of novel unique virus morphotypes in hot deep-sea environments, and preliminary observations on novel cryptic plasmids. We also review the work accomplished over the last 5 years in the development of genetic tools for members of the Pyrococcus and Thermococcus genera, mainly in our laboratories.

scholarly journals Plutonium in the environment: key factors related to impact assessment in case of an accidental atmospheric release

2009 ◽  
Vol 97 (4-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Guétat ◽  
Valérie Moulin ◽  
Pascal E. Reiller ◽  
T. Vercouter ◽  
Lionel Bion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Nuclear Facility ◽  
Radiological Impact ◽  
Atmospheric Release

AbstractThis paper deals with plutonium and key factors related to impact assessment. It is based on recent work performed by CEA which summarize the main features of plutonium behaviour from sources inside installations to the environment and man, and to report current knowledge on the different parameters used in models for environmental and radiological impact assessment. These key factors are illustrated through a case study based on an accidental atmospheric release of Pu in a nuclear facility.

scholarly journals A primer for use of genetic tools in selecting and testing the suitability of set-aside sites protected from deep-sea seafloor massive sulfide mining activities

2016 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Boschen ◽  
Patrick C. Collins ◽  
Verena Tunnicliffe ◽  
Jens Carlsson ◽  
Jonathan P.A. Gardner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Massive Sulfide ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Genetic Tools ◽  
Seafloor Massive Sulfide

scholarly journals The mechanism of spindle assembly

2004 ◽  
Vol 166 (7) ◽  
pp. 949-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver J. Gruss ◽  
Isabelle Vernos
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Spindle Assembly ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Downstream Targets ◽  
Gtpase Ran

Recent work has provided new insights into the mechanism of spindle assembly. Growing evidence supports a model in which the small GTPase Ran plays a central role in this process. Here, we examine the evidence for the existence of a RanGTP gradient around mitotic chromosomes and some controversial data on the role that chromosomes play in spindle assembly. We review the current knowledge on the Ran downstream targets for spindle assembly and we focus on the multiple roles of TPX2, one of the targets of RanGTP during cell division.

scholarly journals Regulatory RNA molecules

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Stephen M Kwong ◽  
Neville Firth
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Antisense Rna ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Regulatory Rna ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Regulatory Rnas

Numerous examples of antisense RNA-mediated gene regulation have been found in bacteria. Such regulatory systems were first identified on accessory genetic elements such as plasmids, transposons and phages, and it is from these that most of our current knowledge of regulatory RNAs is drawn.

scholarly journals Understanding the Impacts of Blue Economy Growth on Deep-Sea Ecosystem Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12478
Author(s):  
Nezha Mejjad ◽  
Marzia Rovere
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
Economy Growth ◽  
Nations Development

The deep sea is the vastest environment on Earth and provides many services and goods. Understanding the services and goods of deep-sea ecosystems would enable better resource governance and decision-making. In the present study, we reviewed and assessed deep-sea ecosystems services using the Ma conceptual framework, which incorporates ecosystems services and goods with human welfare. We also analyzed and measured the scientific production between 2012 and 2021 using the Dimension dataset. The bibliometric analysis showed a lack of studies related to deep-sea ecosystem services, which suggest the urgent need to overcome the existing knowledge gap regarding deep-sea components. However, the current knowledge revealed the crucial role that these ecosystems provide to the planet. Furthermore, we highlighted that there are common services and goods, and every ecosystem service feeds into another one. Developing actions and policies based on approaches that combine all deep-sea ecosystems services and goods are needed for the sustainable growth of the deep-sea economy in accordance with the United Nations Development Goal 14: Life Below Water.

scholarly journals Control of Toxin-Antitoxin Systems by Proteases in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Bordes ◽  
Pierre Genevaux
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Bacterial Chromosomes ◽  
Activation Mechanisms ◽  
Activation Cycle

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements composed of a noxious toxin and a counteracting cognate antitoxin. Although they are widespread in bacterial chromosomes and in mobile genetic elements, their cellular functions and activation mechanisms remain largely unknown. It has been proposed that toxin activation or expression of the TA operon could rely on the degradation of generally less stable antitoxins by cellular proteases. The resulting active toxin would then target essential cellular processes and inhibit bacterial growth. Although interplay between proteases and TA systems has been observed, evidences for such activation cycle are very limited. Herein, we present an overview of the current knowledge on TA recognition by proteases with a main focus on the major human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which harbours multiple TA systems (over 80), the essential AAA + stress proteases, ClpC1P1P2 and ClpXP1P2, and the Pup-proteasome system.

scholarly journals Deep Hypersaline Anoxic Basins as Untapped Reservoir of Polyextremophilic Prokaryotes of Biotechnological Interest

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Varrella ◽  
Michael Tangherlini ◽  
Cinzia Corinaldesi
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Prokaryotic Diversity ◽  
Anoxic Basins ◽  
Isolated Species

Deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basins (DHABs) are considered to be among the most extreme ecosystems on our planet, allowing only the life of polyextremophilic organisms. DHABs’ prokaryotes exhibit extraordinary metabolic capabilities, representing a hot topic for microbiologists and biotechnologists. These are a source of enzymes and new secondary metabolites with valuable applications in different biotechnological fields. Here, we review the current knowledge on prokaryotic diversity in DHABs, highlighting the biotechnological applications of identified taxa and isolated species. The discovery of new species and molecules from these ecosystems is expanding our understanding of life limits and is expected to have a strong impact on biotechnological applications.

scholarly journals Stable transfection in the protist Corallochytrium limacisporum allows identification of novel cellular features among unicellular relatives of animals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kożyczkowska ◽  
Sebastián R. Najle ◽  
Eduard Ocaña-Pallarès ◽  
Cristina Aresté ◽  
Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Stable Transfection ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Genetic Tools ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Cellular Modifications ◽  
Cellular Components

ABSTRACTThe evolutionary path from protists to multicellular animals remains a mystery. Recent work on the genomes of several unicellular relatives of animals has shaped our understanding of the genetic changes that may have occurred in this transition. However, the specific cellular modifications that took place to accommodate these changes remain unclear. Functional approaches are now needed to unravel how different cell biological features evolved. Recent work has already established genetic tools in three of the four unicellular lineages closely related to animals (choanoflagellates, filastereans, and ichthyosporeans). However, there are no genetic tools available for Corallochytrea, the lineage that seems to have the widest mix of fungal and metazoan features, as well as a complex life cycle. Here, we describe the development of stable transfection in the corallochytrean Corallochytrium limacisporum. Using a battery of cassettes to tag key cellular components, such as nucleus, plasma membrane, cytoplasm and actin filaments, we employ live imaging to discern previously unknown biological features of C. limacisporum. In particular, we identify two different paths for cell division—binary fission and coenocytic growth—that reveal a non-linear life cycle in C. limacisporum. Additionally, we found that C. limacisporum is binucleate for most of its life cycle, and that, contrary to what happens in most eukaryotes, nuclear division is decoupled from cell division. The establishment of these tools in C. limacisporum fills an important gap in the unicellular relatives of animals, opening up new avenues of research with broad taxon sampling to elucidate the specific cellular changes that occurred in the evolution of animals.

scholarly journals Immunometabolism of Tissue-Resident Macrophages – An Appraisal of the Current Knowledge and Cutting-Edge Methods and Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Zago ◽  
Pedro H. V. Saavedra ◽  
Kayvan R. Keshari ◽  
Justin S. A. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Metabolic State ◽  
Intercellular Interactions ◽  
Resident Macrophage ◽  
And Function

Tissue-resident macrophages exist in unique environments, or niches, that inform their identity and function. There is an emerging body of literature suggesting that the qualities of this environment, such as the types of cells and debris they eat, the intercellular interactions they form, and the length of time spent in residence, collectively what we call habitare, directly inform their metabolic state. In turn, a tissue-resident macrophage’s metabolic state can inform their function, including whether they resolve inflammation and protect the host from excessive perturbations of homeostasis. In this review, we summarize recent work that seeks to understand the metabolic requirements for tissue-resident macrophage identity and maintenance, for how they respond to inflammatory challenges, and for how they perform homeostatic functions or resolve inflammatory insults. We end with a discussion of the emerging technologies that are enabling, or will enable, in situ study of tissue-resident macrophage metabolism.

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