The involvement of phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferases in triacylglycerol production

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Banaś ◽  
A. Dahlqvist ◽  
U. Ståhl ◽  
M. Lenman ◽  
S. Stymne
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Vernolic Acid ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Seeds ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
Unusual Fatty Acids

We have characterized three CoA-independent types of enzyme, phospholipases, phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferases (PDATs) and cholinephosphotransferases, responsible for the removal of unusual fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine (PC) in microsomal preparations from developing oil seeds. The metabolism of sn-2-[14C]acyl-PC was monitored in microsomal preparations from various oilseeds having either medium-chain, acetylenic, epoxy or hydroxy fatty acids as their major fatty acids in the oil. The results indicate that PDAT plays a major role in removing ricinoleic acid and vernolic acid from phospholipids in Ricinus communis and Crepis palaestina seeds, respectively. However, vernolic, crepenynic and capric acids are primarily removed from phospholipids by phospholipases in Euphorbia lagascae, Crepis rubra and elm seeds, respectively. Further, we show that significant PDAT activity is also present in vegetative tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Production of hydroxy fatty acids in the seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Smith ◽  
H. Moon ◽  
L. Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Oleate Desaturase ◽  
Arabidopsis Mutant ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Seed Specific Expression

Seed-specific expression in Arabidopsis thaliana of oleate hydroxylase enzymes from castor bean and Lesquerella fendleri resulted in the accumulation of hydroxy fatty acids in the seed oil. By using various Arabidopsis mutant lines it was shown that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) n–-3 desaturase (FAD3) and the FAE1 condensing enzyme are involved in the synthesis of polyunsaturated and very-long-chain hydroxy fatty acids, respectively. In Arabidopsis plants with an active ER Δ12-oleate desaturase the presence of hydroxy fatty acids corresponded to an increase in the levels of 18:1 and a decrease in 18:2 levels. Expression in yeast indicates that the castor hydroxylase also has a low level of desaturase activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of two Non-Edible, Wild Indigenous Botswana Crops (Croton megalobotrys (Motsebi/Letsebi/Moshoole) and Ricinus communis (Mokhure)) as Potential Feedstocks for Petroleum and Cosmetic Industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Banyaladzi Doctor Paphane ◽  
Bonang Nkoane ◽  
Olayinka Adebisi Oyetunji
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Ultraviolet Region ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Main Fatty Acid ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Croton megalobotrys and Ricinus cummunis plants produce high-quality non-edible seed oils at relatively high quantities of 39.65 ± 0.06 % w/w to 53.74 ± 0.04 % w/w. The Iodine values of 85.97 ± 1.62 g I2/100 g to 96.51 ± 1.31 g I2/100 g; the low acid values of 0.96 ± 0.05 mg KOH/g to 5.31 ± 0.76 mg KOH/g; and high saponification values of 139.65 ± 1.06 mg KOH/g to 153.01 ± 1.67 mg KOH/g show that these seed oils can be useful feedstocks in the petroleum, soap, and cosmetics industries. GC-MS results revealed that R. cummunis seed oil is made up of eight (8) fatty acids with the bulk being ricinoleic acid at 81.51 %. Ricinoleic acid is the main fatty acid used in oleochemical industries. C. megalobotrys seed oil is made up of five (5) fatty acids, the most abundant being Linoleic acid which makes up 58.01 % of the seed oil. The other two significant fatty acids in C. megalobotrys seed oil are palmitic and oleic acids at 19.51 % and 18.37 %, respectively. These acids are important as starting materials in soap, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The fatty acids of the two seed oils absorb light at the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This means that cosmetic products made from these seed oils will be effective in protecting the human skin against ultraviolet radiation. The FT-IR peaks for the two seed oils show that even though these seed oils are made up of different fatty acids, the active sites of their fatty acids are similar, implying that these seed oils can be used as starting materials in similar industries.

Concentrations of medium-chain 2- and 3-hydroxy fatty acids in foodstuffs

2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 1122-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Jenske ◽  
Walter Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Medium Chain

scholarly journals A Comparison of Two Methodological Approaches for Determining Castor Bean Suitability in Chile

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1259
Author(s):  
Celián Román-Figueroa ◽  
Donna Cortez ◽  
Manuel Paneque
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Oil Seeds ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Climatic Information ◽  
Central South

Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) contains ricinoleic acid, making it one of the world’s most important oil-seeds. There are few studies on this species in Chile, despite its potential as an industrial crop. This study evaluated two methodologies (simplistic and presence-species) for determining the aptitude of land for growing castor beans, both of which use climatic information. The simplistic and presence-species methodologies identified 27.89 and 13.19 million ha, respectively. The most important difference between both methodologies was that the mean minimum annual temperature (TNA) was −8.0 °C in the simplistic method, meaning that some areas in the southernmost regions of Chile (Aysén and Magallanes) should be able to grow the plant. Therefore, TNA = 8.0 °C was selected, and the zonation by simplistic methodology was updated. Consequently, both zonations showed similar results, although the presence-species method included northern coastlines, precisely where castor bean has been recorded, while the simplistic method did not. Finally, both methodologies determined the best condition to be central-south Chile, between the Maule and Araucanía regions, even though castor bean presence has only been recorded up to the Maule region. These regions have a huge potential to establish castor beans, but more information about agronomic practices is necessary for its development in Chile.

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