The Renin—Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Cascade: Renin and blood pressure

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
MALCOLM TREE ◽  
JEHOIADA J. BROWN ◽  
BRENDA J. LECKIE ◽  
ANTHONR F. LEVER ◽  
PER MANHEM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Enzyme Cascade

scholarly journals Reduction of blood pressure by aronia berries through inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in the spontaneously hypertensive rat kidney

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Yamane ◽  
Miyuki Kozuka ◽  
Momoko Imai ◽  
Yoshio Yamamoto ◽  
Iwao Ohkubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Freeze Dried

Background: Aronia berries contain many important effects on potential health, with previous studies suggesting that aronia juice is useful for the treatment of hypertension.Objective: To examine whether aronia berries have improvement effects on hypertension through the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity.Method: The normal diet containing 10% freeze-dried aronia berries was administered to five spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) in each group for 28 days, with their body weight, food intake, and systolic blood pressure being measured. At 28 days after administration of aronia berry-containing diets, the serum, lungs, and kidneys were isolated and used for measurement of ACE activity.Results: In this study, we found that blood pressure in SHRs fed freeze-dried aronia berries-containing diet decreased compared with the blood pressure in SHRs fed normal diet. We also discovered that the catalytic activity of ACE was reduced in the kidney of SHRs fed freeze-dried aronia berries-containing diet but not in the lungs of aronia berries-administered rats.Conclusion: Aronia berries have beneficial effects on the amelioration of hypertension through inhibition of the kidney renin-angiotensin system.Key word: aronia, hypertension improvement, kidney renin-angiotensin system, ACE.

scholarly journals Many Faces of Renin-angiotensin System - Focus on Eye

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervi Holappa ◽  
Heikki Vapaatalo ◽  
Anu Vaajanen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Aqueous Humor Dynamics

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), that is known for its role in the regulation of blood pressure as well as in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, comprises dozens of angiotensin peptides and peptidases and at least six receptors. Six central components constitute the two main axes of the RAS cascade. Angiotensin (1-7), an angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and Mas receptor axis (ACE2-Ang(1-7)-MasR) counterbalances the harmful effects of the angiotensin II, angiotensin converting enzyme 1 and angiotensin II type 1 receptor axis (ACE1-AngII-AT1R) Whereas systemic RAS is an important factor in blood pressure regulation, tissue-specific regulatory system, responsible for long term regional changes, that has been found in various organs. In other words, RAS is not only endocrine but also complicated autocrine system. The human eye has its own intraocular RAS that is presente.g.in the structures involved in aqueous humor dynamics. Local RAS may thus be a target in the development of new anti-glaucomatous drugs. In this review, we first describe the systemic RAS cascade and then the local ocular RAS especially in the anterior part of the eye.

The depressor axis of the renin–angiotensin system and brain disorders: a translational approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (10) ◽  
pp. 1021-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela M. Gironacci ◽  
Augusto Vicario ◽  
Gustavo Cerezo ◽  
Mauro G. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Blood Pressure Regulation ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Brain Functions

All the components of the classic renin–angiotensin system (RAS) have been identified in the brain. Today, the RAS is considered to be composed mainly of two axes: the pressor axis, represented by angiotensin (Ang) II/angiotensin-converting enzyme/AT1 receptors, and the depressor and protective one, represented by Ang-(1–7)/ angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/Mas receptors. Although the RAS exerts a pivotal role on electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure regulation, their components are also implicated in higher brain functions, including cognition, memory, anxiety and depression, and several neurological disorders. Overactivity of the pressor axis of the RAS has been implicated in stroke and several brain disorders, such as cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer or Parkinson’s disease. The present review is focused on the role of the protective axis of the RAS in brain disorders beyond its effects on blood pressure regulation. Furthermore, the use of drugs targeting centrally RAS and its beneficial effects on brain disorders are also discussed.

scholarly journals Dysregulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAA) in Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2-Possible Clinical Consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4503
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dettlaff-Pokora ◽  
Julian Swierczynski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Potent Vasoconstrictor

SARS-CoV-2 impairs the renin-angiotensin-aledosterone system via binding ACE2 enzyme. ACE2 plays a key role in the biosynthesis of angiotensin (1-7), catalyzing the conversion of angiotensin 2 into angiotensin (1-7) and the reaction of angiotensin synthesis (1-9), from which angiotensin is (1-7) produced under the influence of ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme). Angiotensin 2 is a potent vasoconstrictor and atherogenic molecule converted by ACE2 to reducing inflammation and vasodilating in action angiotensin (1-7). Angiotensin (1-9), that is a product of angiotensin 1 metabolism and precursor of angiotensin (1-7), also exerts cell protective properties. Balance between angiotensin 2 and angiotensin (1-7) regulates blood pressure and ACE2 plays a critical role in this balance. ACE2, unlike ACE, is not inhibited by ACE inhibitors at the doses used in humans during the treatment of arterial hypertension. Membrane ACE2 is one of the receptors that allows SARS-CoV-2 to enter the host cells. ACE2 after SARS-CoV-2 binding is internalized and degraded. Hence ACE2 activity on the cell surface is reduced leading to increase the concentration of angiotensin 2 and decrease the concentration of angiotensin (1-7). Disturbed angiotensins metabolism, changes in ratio between angiotensins with distinct biological activities leading to domination of atherogenic angiotensin 2 can increase the damage to the lungs.

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