scholarly journals Antisense oligonucleotides targeting angiotensinogen: insights from animal studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hua Wu ◽  
Ya Wang ◽  
Murong Ma ◽  
Adam E. Mullick ◽  
Rosanne M. Crooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Angiotensin Peptides ◽  
Research Findings

Abstract Angiotensinogen (AGT) is the unique substrate of all angiotensin peptides. We review the recent preclinical research of AGT antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), a rapidly evolving therapeutic approach. The scope of the research findings not only opens doors for potentially new therapeutics of hypertension and many other diseases, but also provides insights into understanding critical physiological and pathophysiological roles mediated by AGT.

scholarly journals Preliminary Experience with Small Animal SPECT Imaging on Clinical Gamma Cameras

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Aguiar ◽  
J. Silva-Rodríguez ◽  
M. Herranz ◽  
A. Ruibal
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Spect Imaging ◽  
Portable Device ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Preclinical Imaging ◽  
Gamma Cameras ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Phantom Experiments

The traditional lack of techniques suitable forin vivoimaging has induced a great interest in molecular imaging for preclinical research. Nevertheless, its use spreads slowly due to the difficulties in justifying the high cost of the current dedicated preclinical scanners. An alternative for lowering the costs is to repurpose old clinical gamma cameras to be used for preclinical imaging. In this paper we assess the performance of a portable device, that is, working coupled to a single-head clinical gamma camera, and we present our preliminary experience in several small animal applications. Our findings, based on phantom experiments and animal studies, provided an image quality, in terms of contrast-noise trade-off, comparable to dedicated preclinical pinhole-based scanners. We feel that our portable device offers an opportunity for recycling the widespread availability of clinical gamma cameras in nuclear medicine departments to be used in small animal SPECT imaging and we hope that it can contribute to spreading the use of preclinical imaging within institutions on tight budgets.

scholarly journals Sex Reporting in Preclinical Microbiological and Immunological Research

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanvi Potluri ◽  
Kyrra Engle ◽  
Ashley L. Fink ◽  
Landon G. vom Steeg ◽  
Sabra L. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
And Gender ◽  
American Society ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT Both sex (i.e., biological construct of male and female) and gender (i.e., social construct of masculine and feminine) impact the pathogenesis of diseases, including those caused by microbial infections. Following the 2015 NIH policy for consideration of sex as a biological variable in preclinical research, in 2018, authors of papers published in primary-research American Society for Microbiology (ASM) journals will be asked to report the sex of the research subjects and animals and of materials derived directly from them. To address the need for sex reporting in ASM journals, we systematically reviewed 2,928 primary-research articles published in six primary-research ASM journals (Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, Infection and Immunity, Journal of Bacteriology, Journal of Virology, and mBio) in 2016. Approximately 37% of animal studies and 9% of primary cell culture papers published in 2016 would have been affected by the new sex-reporting policy. For animal studies (i.e., studies with any nonhuman vertebrate hosts), most published papers either did not report the sex of the animals or used only female animals, and a minority used only males or both sexes. For published studies using primary cells from diverse animal species (i.e., humans and nonhuman vertebrates), almost all studies failed to report the sex of donors from which the cells were isolated. We believe that reporting the sex of animals and even of the donors of derived cells could improve the rigor and reproducibility of research conducted in microbiology and immunology and published in ASM journals.

scholarly journals Medicinal Applications of Antisense Oligonucleotides: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Kavya Pandiri ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Samad ◽  
Nadeem Abbas Gulamus ◽  
Hajera Khanam
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotide ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Antisense Technology ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Throughput Method ◽  
Delivery Strategies ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapy

Antisense technology has emerged as a fast and conceivably high-throughput method for repressing genes due to advancement in knowledge about DNA and RNA physiology. The limitations of antisense oligonucleotide therapy in delivery strategies have been overcome in recent years. Antisense oligonucleotide treatment was effectively applied towards targeting a wide range of therapeutic areas. With ongoing approvals of antisense oligonucleotides, there is an expanding enthusiasm for increasing the utilization of these compounds for curing various infections. This short survey gives a far-reaching comprehension of applications of antisense technology, how they can be utilized therapeutically, and current endeavors to grow new antisense oligonucleotide treatments that will add a forthcoming therapeutic approach for the treatment of various diseases.

scholarly journals Altered Febrile Responses in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 224-224
Author(s):  
Barbara Holtzclaw
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Fever Response

Abstract Human and animal studies support generalizations that older adults are less able than younger adults to mount an effective febrile response. Beyond difficulties this presents for assessing signs and symptoms of infection, concern exists that older adults may lack fever’s protective immuno-stimulant benefits. Fever is a systemic physiological host response to a pyrogen resulting in release of proinflammatory cytokines that produce a regulated elevation of thermoregulatory set-point. Heat is generated, by shivering and molecular activity, and conserved, by vasomotor activity, elevating and maintaining body temperature at the higher set-point level. Because immunological, vasomotor, and kinetic activities raise body temperature, age-associated alterations have been hypothesized to explain blunted febrile responses in older adults. Purpose: A systematic review was done to 1) determine factors underlying presumed origins and alterations in older adults’ febrile responses. 2) assess for gaps and controversies in emerging research that could inform care decisions. Comparisons of disciplinary assumptions, perspectives, and cross-disciplinary interpretations sought relevance to interdisciplinary care. Methods: Search of literature databases: Medline (OVID), and CINAHL (EBSCO). PubMed, and included relevant animal and human research findings since 2000 from physiology, gerontology, immunology, infectious disease, clinical medicine, and nursing. Findings: Altered innate immunity in sepsis shows early hyper-reactive response, prolonged inflammatory activity, and fever response contributing to cardiovascular and neurological morbidity, not temperature elevation. Morbidly was attributed to disease not age. Conclusions: Hazards of blunted febrile temperatures include undetected infections and possible loss of immune benefits. Significant evidence of age-related diminished febrile temperature’s immune consequences shown with animal models.

scholarly journals Lost in Translation - Bridging the preclinical and clinical worlds concepts, Examples, Successes, and Failures in Translational Medicine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila A Seyhan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Drug Development Process ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Attrition Rates ◽  
Research Findings

The biopharmaceutical companies involved in developing drugs for human diseases are facing considerable challenges, both politically and fiscally. There is growing pressure from the general public, funding agencies, and the policymakers for scientists and industry to improve drug development process, better bridge basic and translational human studies, and ultimately improve the process of the development of more effective, safer, and less costly drugs.The crisis involving the scale of the reproducibility and translatability of preclinical research to human studies and high attrition rate of drug development process is widely recognized both in academia and industry. Despite all this, the high attrition rates of drug development and the magnitude of the reproducibility and translatability problems with the preclinical research findings to human studies remain a fact.Recent reports in literature also suggest that many published research findings in preclinical research are misleading, not as robust as they claim, or cannot be reproduced and hence cannot be translated to human studies. The reasons are complex and challenging. Potential culprits range from the complexity of modern biomedical research to the limitations of tools, the trivial methodological differences, to poor experimental designs, inappropriate data analysis, misuse of statistics, the poor predictability of animal results in humans, as well as training and perverse incentives in academia.There are many reports suggesting solutions to overcome these roadblocks in biomedical research. However, how scientists, researchers, and the biopharmaceutical industry deal with this problem depends on the understanding of the root causes of the problem and the strategies and approaches to solving this problem to improve biomedical research.The purpose of this article is to conduct a thorough literature review to evaluate the nature of some of the problems leading to high attrition rates of drug development and to provide some suggestion to overcome the obstacles that impede the drug development process.

Lowering Mutant Huntingtin Using Tricyclo-DNA Antisense Oligonucleotides As a Therapeutic Approach for Huntington's Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 256-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Imbert ◽  
Florence Blandel ◽  
Christian Leumann ◽  
Luis Garcia ◽  
Aurelie Goyenvalle
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Mutant Huntingtin

Are preclinical research findings replicable: An empirical analysis based on EpoR studies in cancer.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17697-e17697
Author(s):  
Charles L. Bennett ◽  
Samuel J. Kessler ◽  
Richard M. Schulz ◽  
Brian Chen ◽  
Jametta Magwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Research Findings

Animal Studies of Alcohol Intake

1982 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Meisch
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Research Findings

Animal studies of alcohol intake can be divided into two groups based on the methodology. General findings of each group will be reviewed especially as they relate to current areas of research interest. Some implications of research findings for theories of alcoholism and drug addiction will be mentioned.

scholarly journals Enhancing Interrogation of Skeletal Muscle Samples for Informative Quantitative Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Terence A. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Muscle Sample ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Accurate Comparison

Careful quantitative analysis of histological preparations of muscle samples is crucial to accurate investigation of myopathies in man and of interpretation of data from animals subjected to experimental or potentially therapeutic treatments. Protocols for measuring cell numbers are subject to problems arising from biases associated with preparative and analytical techniques. Prominent among these is the effect of polarized structure of skeletal muscle on sampling bias. It is also common in this tissue to collect data as ratios to convenient reference dominators, the fundamental bases of which are ill-defined, or unrecognized or not accurately assessable. Use of such ‘floating’ denominators raises a barrier to estimation of the absolute values that assume practical importance in medical research, where accurate comparison between different scenarios in different species is essential to the aim of translating preclinical research findings in animal models to clinical utility in Homo sapiens. This review identifies some of the underappreciated problems with current morphometric practice, some of which are exacerbated in skeletal muscle, and evaluates the extent of their intrusiveness into the of building an objective, accurate, picture of the structure of the muscle sample. It also contains recommendations for eliminating or at least minimizing these problems. Principal among these, would be the use of stereological procedures to avoid the substantial counting biases arising from inter-procedure differences in object size and section thickness. Attention is also drawn to the distortions of interpretation arising from use of undefined or inappropriate denominators.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document