Gene repression by nuclear hormone receptors

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 89-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udo Moehren ◽  
Maren Eckey ◽  
Aria Baniahmad
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Chromatin Modification ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptors ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Cancer Proliferation ◽  
Response Elements ◽  
Breast And Prostate Cancer ◽  
Basal Transcription Factors

Repression by nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) plays an important role in development, immune response and cellular function. We review mechanisms of how NHRs act as repressors of gene transcription either by direct contact with basal transcription factors or through recruitment of cofactors and enzymic activities that modulate chromatin accessibility. We describe also the role and biochemical mechanism of the cognate hormone that switches a NHR from a transcriptional silencer into an activator. This includes data from crystal structure, functional receptor domain analyses and the role of co-repressors in chromatin modification and remodelling. Furthermore, the comparison of negative response elements with classical response elements unravels the role of co-repressors in this context. We also describe the inhibition of the nuclear factor kappaB and Jun/Fos pathway by NHRs, as well as the molecular mechanism of anti-hormone therapies. Anti-hormones are commonly used in breast and prostate cancer therapy to inhibit cancer proliferation through repression of the oestrogen or androgen receptor, respectively. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the various mechanism of NHR repression.

Role of nuclear hormone receptors in butyrate-mediated up-regulation of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin in epithelial colorectal cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 2107-2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Schwab ◽  
Veerle Reynders ◽  
Yogesh Shastri ◽  
Stefan Loitsch ◽  
Jürgen Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptors

scholarly journals Small-Molecule Hormones: Molecular Mechanisms of Action

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka ◽  
Eliza Pawlik-Pachucka ◽  
Magdalena Owczarz ◽  
Monika Budzińska ◽  
Jacek Polosak
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptors ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Basal Transcription Factors ◽  
Hormonal Stimulus

Small-molecule hormones play crucial roles in the development and in the maintenance of an adult mammalian organism. On the molecular level, they regulate a plethora of biological pathways. Part of their actions depends on their transcription-regulating properties, exerted by highly specific nuclear receptors which are hormone-dependent transcription factors. Nuclear hormone receptors interact with coactivators, corepressors, basal transcription factors, and other transcription factors in order to modulate the activity of target genes in a manner that is dependent on tissue, age and developmental and pathophysiological states. The biological effect of this mechanism becomes apparent not earlier than 30–60 minutes after hormonal stimulus. In addition, small-molecule hormones modify the function of the cell by a number of nongenomic mechanisms, involving interaction with proteins localized in the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasm, as well as with proteins localized in other cellular membranes and in nonnuclear cellular compartments. The identity of such proteins is still under investigation; however, it seems that extranuclear fractions of nuclear hormone receptors commonly serve this function. A direct interaction of small-molecule hormones with membrane phospholipids and with mRNA is also postulated. In these mechanisms, the reaction to hormonal stimulus appears within seconds or minutes.

scholarly journals Involvement of Histone Methylation and Phosphorylation in Regulation of Transcription by Thyroid Hormone Receptor

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 5688-5697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwen Li ◽  
Qiushi Lin ◽  
Ho-Geun Yoon ◽  
Zhi-Qing Huang ◽  
Brian D. Strahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Histone Acetylation ◽  
Histone Methylation ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptors ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription

ABSTRACT Previous studies have established an important role of histone acetylation in transcriptional control by nuclear hormone receptors. With chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we have now investigated whether histone methylation and phosphorylation are also involved in transcriptional regulation by thyroid hormone receptor (TR). We found that repression by unliganded TR is associated with a substantial increase in methylation of H3 lysine 9 (H3-K9) and a decrease in methylation of H3 lysine 4 (H3-K4), methylation of H3 arginine 17 (H3-R17), and a dual modification of phosphorylation of H3 serine 10 and acetylation of lysine 14 (pS10/acK14). On the other hand, transcriptional activation by liganded TR is coupled with a substantial decrease in both H3-K4 and H3-K9 methylation and a robust increase in H3-R17 methylation and the dual modification of pS10/acK14. Trichostatin A treatment results in not only histone hyperacetylation but also an increase in methylation of H3-K4, increase in dual modification of pS10/acK14, and reduction in methylation of H3-K9, revealing an extensive interplay between histone acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation. In an effort to understand the underlying mechanism for an increase in H3-K9 methylation during repression by unliganded TR, we demonstrated that TR interacts in vitro with an H3-K9-specific histone methyltransferase (HMT), SUV39H1. Functional analysis indicates that SUV39H1 can facilitate repression by unliganded TR and in so doing requires its HMT activity. Together, our data uncover a novel role of H3-K9 methylation in repression by unliganded TR and provide strong evidence for the involvement of multiple distinct histone covalent modifications (acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation) in transcriptional control by nuclear hormone receptors.

scholarly journals The role of nuclear hormone receptors in cutaneous wound repair

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Rieger ◽  
Hengguang Zhao ◽  
Paige Martin ◽  
Koichiro Abe ◽  
Thomas S. Lisse
Keyword(s):  
Wound Repair ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptors ◽  
Cutaneous Wound

Role of Transcriptional Read-Through in PRE Activity in Drosophila melanogaster

Acta Naturae ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Elizar’ev ◽  
D. V. Lomaev ◽  
D. A. Chetverina ◽  
P. G. Georgiev ◽  
M. M. Erokhin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Transcription Terminator ◽  
Response Elements ◽  
Polycomb Response Elements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Main Factor

Maintenance of the individual patterns of gene expression in different cell types is required for the differentiation and development of multicellular organisms. Expression of many genes is controlled by Polycomb (PcG) and Trithorax (TrxG) group proteins that act through association with chromatin. PcG/TrxG are assembled on the DNA sequences termed PREs (Polycomb Response Elements), the activity of which can be modulated and switched from repression to activation. In this study, we analyzed the influence of transcriptional read-through on PRE activity switch mediated by the yeast activator GAL4. We show that a transcription terminator inserted between the promoter and PRE doesnt prevent switching of PRE activity from repression to activation. We demonstrate that, independently of PRE orientation, high levels of transcription fail to dislodge PcG/TrxG proteins from PRE in the absence of a terminator. Thus, transcription is not the main factor required for PRE activity switch.

Nuclear Hormone Receptors and Adipogenesis

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Gimble ◽  
Claudius E. Robinson ◽  
Stephen L. Clarke ◽  
Molly R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptors

scholarly journals Oncogenic lncRNA ZNF561-AS1 is essential for colorectal cancer proliferation and survival through regulation of miR-26a-3p/miR-128-5p-SRSF6 axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zizhen Si ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
Haoyu Jing ◽  
Lun Wu ◽  
Xidi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Cancer Proliferation ◽  
Mouse Xenograft ◽  
Mouse Xenograft Model

Abstract Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are reported to influence colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Currently, the functions of the lncRNA ZNF561 antisense RNA 1 (ZNF561-AS1) in CRC are unknown. Methods ZNF561-AS1 and SRSF6 expression in CRC patient samples and CRC cell lines was evaluated through TCGA database analysis, western blot along with real-time PCR. SRSF6 expression in CRC cells was also examined upon ZNF561-AS1 depletion or overexpression. Interaction between miR-26a-3p, miR-128-5p, ZNF561-AS1, and SRSF6 was examined by dual luciferase reporter assay, as well as RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated knockdown experiments were performed to assess the role of ZNF561-AS1 and SRSF6 in the proliferative actives and apoptosis rate of CRC cells. A mouse xenograft model was employed to assess tumor growth upon ZNF561-AS1 knockdown and SRSF6 rescue. Results We find that ZNF561-AS1 and SRSF6 were upregulated in CRC patient tissues. ZNF561-AS1 expression was reduced in tissues from treated CRC patients but upregulated in CRC tissues from relapsed patients. SRSF6 expression was suppressed and enhanced by ZNF561-AS1 depletion and overexpression, respectively. Mechanistically, ZNF561-AS1 regulated SRSF6 expression by sponging miR-26a-3p and miR-128-5p. ZNF561-AS1-miR-26a-3p/miR-128-5p-SRSF6 axis was required for CRC proliferation and survival. ZNF561-AS1 knockdown suppressed CRC cell proliferation and triggered apoptosis. ZNF561-AS1 depletion suppressed the growth of tumors in a model of a nude mouse xenograft. Similar observations were made upon SRSF6 depletion. SRSF6 overexpression reversed the inhibitory activities of ZNF561-AS1 in vivo, as well as in vitro. Conclusion In summary, we find that ZNF561-AS1 promotes CRC progression via the miR-26a-3p/miR-128-5p-SRSF6 axis. This study reveals new perspectives into the role of ZNF561-AS1 in CRC.

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