scholarly journals Cyanate-mediated inhibition of neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 326 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingwei QIAN ◽  
John W. EATON ◽  
Simon P. WOLFF
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Alternative Substrate ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Enhanced Chemiluminescence

Cyanate (CNO-) forms spontaneously in solutions containing urea, and is present in urine and the body fluids of uraemic patients. We have explored the possibility that CNO- might be one of the unknown substances responsible for the reported impairment, by urine and uraemic plasma, of neutrophil oxidative metabolism (especially as measured by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence). Luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence generated by human neutrophils derives predominantly from the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) which produces hypochlorous acid from H2O2 and Cl-. We hypothesized that CNO- (which resembles the ‘pseudohalide’ thiocyanate, an alternative substrate for MPO) might somehow interfere with the activity of MPO. In support of this, we find: (i) CNO- inhibits both peroxidative and halogenating activities of MPO and also inhibits the enzyme within intact human neutrophils; (ii) the inhibition is H2O2-dependent, irreversible, accompanied by covalent addition of [14C]CNO- (or a carbon-containing fragment thereof) to the enzyme; (iii) CNO- also inhibits Cl-/H2O2/MPO-mediated bacterial killing. Impairment of this arm of neutrophil bactericidal activity by CNO- formed from urea may be one factor in the risk of urinary-tract infection associated with urinary stasis and perhaps in the generalized increase in susceptibility to infection in uraemic patients.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Intraurethrally Administered Probiotic Lactobacillus casei in a Murine Model of Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1751-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Asahara ◽  
Koji Nomoto ◽  
Masaaki Watanuki ◽  
Teruo Yokokura
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Infection Period

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial activity of the intraurethrally administered probiotic Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota againstEscherichia coli in a murine urinary tract infection (UTI) model was examined. UTI was induced by intraurethral administration ofEscherichia coli strain HU-1 (a clinical isolate from a UTI patient, positive for type 1 and P fimbriae), at a dose of 1 × 106 to 2 × 106 CFU in 20 μl of saline, into a C3H/HeN mouse bladder which had been traumatized with 0.1 N HCl followed immediately by neutralization with 0.1 N NaOH 24 h before the challenge infection. Chronic infection with the pathogen at 106 CFU in the urinary tract (bladder and kidneys) was maintained for more than 3 weeks after the challenge, and the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and myeloperoxidase activity in the urine were markedly elevated during the infection period. A single administration of L. casei Shirota at a dose of 108 CFU 24 h before the challenge infection dramatically inhibited E. coli growth and inflammatory responses in the urinary tract. Multiple daily treatments with L. casei Shirota during the postinfection period also showed antimicrobial activity in this UTI model. A heat-killed preparation ofL. casei Shirota exerted significant antimicrobial effects not only with a single pretreatment (100 μg/mouse) but also with multiple daily treatments during the postinfection period. The otherLactobacillus strains tested, i.e., L. fermentum ATCC 14931T, L. jensenii ATCC 25258T, L. plantarum ATCC 14917T, and L. reuteri JCM 1112T, had no significant antimicrobial activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the probiotic L. casei strain Shirota is a potent therapeutic agent for UTI.

scholarly journals Infected non-union of sub-trochanteric fracture of femur treated by Ilizarov and AO external fixation: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 986
Author(s):  
Godhasiri Ponugoti ◽  
Harshad Mohanlal Shah ◽  
Sandeep Reddy ◽  
Navale Venkatesh Murthy Vishal
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
External Fixation ◽  
Open Reduction ◽  
Trochanteric Fracture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bladder Rupture ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
Non Union

<p class="abstract">Infected non-union of fractures of the shaft of proximal femur in paediatric age group is rare. They pose a formidable challenge to the treating orthopaedic surgeon. Concomitant infections elsewhere in the body are a risk factor for infection of fractures treated by open reduction. In our patient the infected non-union was secondary to urinary tract infection. A 12 year old boy sustained an open pelvic injury with bladder rupture and left closed sub-trochanteric fracture. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) was done initially which got infected due to concomitant urinary tract infection due to bladder injury. He was treated by Ilizarov external fixation and later by AO external fixator and the functional outcome is evaluated. This patient had to undergo multiple surgeries with external fixations to control infection &amp; achieve union which took a long period of 8 months. Primary external fixators in complicated cases and in cases prone for infection reduce the need for multiple surgeries.</p>

scholarly journals Urinary Tract Infection – A Review on Its Prevalence and Recent Advances

2021 ◽  
pp. 582-592
Author(s):  
Abhijeeth S. Badiger ◽  
K. R. Maruthi ◽  
Shrisha Naik Bajpe ◽  
Ramith Ramu ◽  
K. Jayadev
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plant Source ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Multiple Drugs

The Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a seasonal infection prevalent in coastal areas whose intensity varies among various age groups. Escherichia coli is one of the major causative organisms. The current study is to the frequency of UTI in the Coastal region; understand the recent advances in alternative treatment & their efficacy. The known medication for the UTI is quinolones and cephalosporin. Cranberry extract is the only medicine used from a plant source that is expensive and not native to India. The main cause of UTI to spread is a lack of hygiene, sexual intercourse, and inadequate consumption of water. Change in the pH of the urethra during puberty & menopause in women facilitates the growth of opportunistic Uropathogens. Innate immunity can also contribute to the resistance of the body but a recent study says that infection rate varies among individuals considering their age, immunity, and lifestyle. The pathogens causing UTI are developing resistance against multiple drugs. From this study, we understand that Cranberry is the only plant source for the treatment of UTI in combination with antibiotics. There is a need to understand the importance of improving innate immunity and to know the best treatment regime to treat UTI.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MURCHHIT TILA TAILA UTTARBASTI IN MANAGEMENT OF URETHRAL STRICTURE - A CASE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3163-3168
Author(s):  
Vineet Kini ◽  
Waghmare S.D. ◽  
Shrikant Wakudkar
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urethral Stricture ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Over Active Bladder

In Geriatric patients, urological problems like dribbling micturition, burning micturition, dysuria etc. are commonly seen due to Urethral Stricture, BPH, Chronic urinary tract infection, Urinary Incontinence, Over-active bladder etc. In this study, we will discuss the effect of the Ayurvedic Panchkarma Procedure i.e., Uttarbasti in Urethral Stricture. Urethral Stricture involves scarring that narrows the tube that carries urine out of the body mostly due to STD’s, Catheterisation, straddle injury to the perineum. Newer Surgical Techniques like Urethral Dilatation, DVIU, Ure- throplasty etc are used but they are painful, expensive & has recurrences. In Ayurvedic literature, Mutra mar- gasankoch and Mutrotsanga are an entity that can be closely related to urethral stricture which is described by Acharya Sushruta in Uttartantra. In this case study, a 45-year-old male patient suffering from LUTS Came to Shalya OPD undergone repeated urethral dilatations but was unrelieved. So, after clinical evaluation & Investiga- tions, the case was diagnosed as Urethral Stricture & treated with Uttarbasti. In this case study, Murchhit Tila Taila for the Uttarbasti procedure was used. After the Procedure results were evaluated & the results are satisfying. Keywords: Uttarbasti, Murchhit Tila Taila, Urethral Stricture

Neutrophils from Cystic Fibrosis Patients Are Defective in Killing of Phagocytosed Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1648-1648
Author(s):  
Guoshun Wang ◽  
Vincent G. Valentine ◽  
Nicholas A. Lanson ◽  
Kevin Leidal ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Chloride Channel ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Bacterial Killing

Abstract Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common genetic disease in Caucasians, is caused by mutations of the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-regulated chloride channel. CF has long been recognized as an epithelial disease whose most severe complications often occur in the lung. The clinical manifestations include persistent bacterial infection, prominent neutrophil infiltration and small airway obstruction. Even though dramatic advances have been made towards understanding of CF pathogenesis, the link between the CFTR chloride channel defect and a clinical defect in bacterial eradication has not been fully established. Our published data demonstrated that CFTR is expressed in human neutrophils and their phagolysosomes. CF neutrophils are defective in the chlorination of phagocytosed Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1), indicating defective intraphagolysosomal hypochlorous acid (HOCl) production. In the current report, we assessed the bacterial killing abilities of neutrophils from CF and normal individuals. Percoll-purified peripheral blood neutrophils were incubated with opsonized PAO1 at a ratio of 1:1 or 1:50. To define the role of chloride in the killing process, two different Ringer’s buffers with either 0 mM chloride or 135 mM chloride were exploited. At various time points (0, 15, 30 and 60 minutes) after incubation of neutrophils with bacteria, samples were aliquoted to assay for viable bacteria. After correction for bacterial growth over the experimental period, the bacterial viability at each time point relative to that of the initial value was obtained. Two-way ANOVA tests indicated that CF neutrophils had a significantly lower initial rate of killing of PAO1 than that in normal controls. This defect is more pronounced under the condition of high bacterial load and low extracellular chloride. Surprisingly, the low extracellular chloride significantly affected neutrophil-mediated bacterial killing even for the normal neutrophils, suggesting the dependence of this ion in the killing process. Our data provide evidence to suggest the potential role of CFTR in supplying intraphagolysosomal chloride to produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl), an oxidant essential for the killing of HOCl-sensitive bacteria.

Care of Uncircumcised Penis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-766
Author(s):  
THOMAS E. WISWELL
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Military Health Care

In Reply.— Dr Watson addresses an important question—what is the proper method of hygiene in the noncircumcised male infant? Our position has long been that there should be no forceful retraction of the prepuce and that the external surface of the foreskin should be gently cleansed as other parts of the body are. All military health care providers we have communicated with advocate similar philosophies and have done so for many years. Thus, we do not believe that in the population we described that vigorous cleaning and prepuce manipulation were "scientific interventions" that contributed to the increased incidence of urinary tract infection in the uncircumcised boy.1,2

scholarly journals Clinical factors associated with susceptibility to infection stone formation: A Retrospective Single-Center Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daming Wang ◽  
Demao Ding ◽  
Hongliang Sun ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Positive Urine

Abstract Background: To investigate the clinical factors associated with susceptibility to infection stone formation and to analyze the variations in the clinical characteristics of stones with different compositions. Methods: A total of 1213 patients were included in the study. The patients were grouped based on stone composition; 581 cases of infection stones (ammonium magnesium phosphate calculi or apatite carbonate content more than 50%), 418 stones were composed of pure calcium oxalate, and 214 uric acid stone. The associations of infection stones with age, sex, body mass index, habits, working environment, recurrent stones, diabetes, hypertension, urinary tract infection, urine culture, urine pH, and triglycerides were determined using logistic regression analysis. The variations in the clinical characteristics of the 3 groups were analyzed using analysis of variance or the chi-square test. Results: The occurrence of infection stones was significantly associated with the patient’s age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.031, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.020–1.041, P<0.001), high urine pH (OR: 1.974, 95% CI: 1.357–2.872, P<0.001), urinary tract infection (OR: 1.438, 95% CI: 1.072–1.928, P=0.015), positive urine cultures (OR: 1.541, 95%CI: 1.143–2.078, P=0.005), and recurrent stones (OR: 1.346, 95% CI: 1.045–1.734, P=0.022), other clinical factors have no correlation. The clinical characteristics of the three groups were significantly different. The occurrence of infection stones is significantly associated with age, urinary tract infection, positive urine cultures, urine pH, and stone recurrence. Conclusions: Compared with previous studies, this study found that infection stones tend to occur in younger patients and stones resulting from non-urease-producing bacteria have significantly increased.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Effect of Antibiotic and Multivitamin in the Formation of Biofilm in Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Causing Pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
K P Sajna ◽  
P Paulraj ◽  
V Balasupramaniam ◽  
P Sajeesh ◽  
M Chandramohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Significant Difference

Urinary catheters make humans vulnerable to Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) by damaging the natural barrier of the body. Bacteria which are commonly related to this infection are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  In this study   Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were obtained from the hospital.  Levofloxacin is a newly developed fluoroquinolone antibiotic, which is commonly used in clinical practice. The antibacterial effect of levofloxacin was studied using disk diffusion method. In this method the diameter of zone of inhibition in the presence of multivitamin was smaller than without multivitamin. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference in antibiotic sensitivity with and without multivitamin (p<0.05). In the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), It was observed that in the absence of multivitamin Klebsiella pneumoniae growth stopped at the concentration of 200 µg/ml and in the presence of multivitamin the growth stopped at the concentration of 400 µg/ml. The growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa stopped at the concentration of 400 µg/ml in the absence of multivitamin and in the presence the growth was stopped at the concentration of 800 µg/ml. Similar effect was studied in biofilm form as well by measuring the absorbance at 600nm. Using the absorbance values the biofilm growth curve was carried out and in the presence of multivitamin, both bacteria in single and consortia form stayed in stationary phase longer than without multivitamin. These findings demonstrate that a higher concentration of antibiotic is required to inhibit the growth of bacteria when supplemented with multivitamins and in turn increases the development of antibiotic resistance under biofilm condition.  

Dysuria in Adolescent Girls: Urinary Tract Infection or Vaginitis?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-301
Author(s):  
Efstratios Demetriou ◽  
S. Jean Emans ◽  
Robert P. Masland
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Vaginal Infection ◽  
History Of

Dysuria is a common presenting complaint of adolescent girls. Because physicians often assume a bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) is present, the patient may be treated with antibiotics without thorough evaluation. In previous studies only half of adult women complaining of dysuria had bacteriuria with greater than 105 organisms per milliliter.1,2 Vaginitis,3,4 vulvitis,3 Neisseria gonorrhoeae,5 Chlamydia trachomatis,6-9 and bacteriuria with less than 105 organisms per milliliter1,2,9 are responsible for the symptoms in many of the remaining subjects. A recent study in adult women found that a history of external dysuria (pain felt as the urine passes over the inflamed vaginal labia) suggested vaginal infection, whereas a history of internal dysuria (pain felt inside the body) suggested bacterial UTI.4

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