scholarly journals Effect of retinoic acid on protein synthesis by foetal bovine chondrocytes in high-density culture: down-regulation of the glucose-regulated protein, GRP-78, and type II collagen

1995 ◽  
Vol 305 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Freyria ◽  
M C Ronzière ◽  
M M Boutillon ◽  
D Herbage
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
High Density ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
High Density Culture ◽  
Glucose Regulated Protein

The effect of 0.1-10 microM retinoic acid (RA) on foetal bovine chondrocytes was investigated in high-density cultures (0.6 x 10(6) cells/cm2). After 5 days of culture in ascorbate-free medium, control chondrocytes presented a typical rounded shape and synthesized type II, IX, XI and III collagens. After RA treatment on days 2-5 of culture, the cells exhibited a fibroblast-like shape and decreased synthesis of total protein (48%) and pepsinresistant proteins (60%) as determined by [35S]methionine labelling. Addition of RA was not followed by the expression of type I collagen, but induced quantitative changes in the synthesis of cartilage-specific collagens (II, IX and XI) as measured by direct autoradiography of the corresponding bands after SDS/PAGE. The main change was in type II collagen synthesis, with a 80% decrease in the cell-layer fraction and a 89% decrease in culture-medium fraction; inhibition of type IX and XI collagen synthesis was limited to 25 and 31% respectively. Modifications to intracellular proteins induced by RA were determined by using two-dimensional electrophoresis associated with a computerized imaging system. Synthesis of one of the more abundant proteins (pI 4.8; 78 kDa) was decreased by 75% after RA treatment. This protein was characterized by micro-sequencing as the glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP 78). It was reported previously to bind denatured collagen and mutated type I procollagen molecule and to function as a molecular chaperone for collagen molecules. It remains to demonstrate whether the parallel down-regulation of GRP 78 and type II collagen observed here corresponds to a co-ordinate regulation of these two proteins.

scholarly journals Immunological and biochemical studies of collagen type transition during in vitro chondrogenesis of chick limb mesodermal cells

1977 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Von Der Mark ◽  
H Von Der Mark
Keyword(s):  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Total Collagen ◽  
Collagen Antibodies

This work describes an approach to monitor chondrogenesis of stage-24 chick limb mesodermal cells in vitro by analyzing the onset of type II collagen synthesis with carboxymethyl-cellulose chromatography, immunofluorescence, and radioimmunoassay. This procedure allowed specific and quantitative determination of chondrocytes in the presence of fibroblasts and myoblasts, both of which synthesize type I collagen. Chondrogenesis was studied in high-density cell preparations on tissue culture plastic dishes and on agar base. It was found that stage-24 limb mesenchymal cells initially synthesized only type I collagen. With the onset of chondrogenesis, a gradual transition to type II collagen synthesis was observed. In cell aggregates formed over agar, type II collagen synthesis started after 1 day in culture and reached levels of 80-90 percent of the total collagen synthesis at 6-8 days. At that time, the cells in the center of the aggregates had acquired the typical chondrocyte phenotype and stained only with type II collagen antibodies, whereas the peripheral cells had developed into a "perichondrium" and stained with type I and type II collagen antibodies. On plastic dishes plated with 5 X 10(6) cells per 35mm dish, cartilage nodules developed after 4-6 days, but the type II collagen synthesis only reached levels of 10-20 percent of the total collagen. The majority of the cells differentiated into fibroblasts and myoblasts and synthesized type I collagen. These studies demonstrate that analysis of cell specific types of collagen provides a useful method for detailing the specific events in the differentiation of mesenchymal cells in vitro.

scholarly journals Composition and organization of the collagen network produced by fetal bovine chondrocytes cultured at high density.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Ruggiero ◽  
B Petit ◽  
M C Ronziere ◽  
J Farjanel ◽  
D J Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Culture Cell ◽  
High Density ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
High Density Culture ◽  
Entire Cell ◽  
Fetal Bovine

Fetal bovine chondrocytes isolated from the resting zone of epiphyseal cartilage were maintained in high-density culture for 4 weeks. From Day 2 in culture, the chondrocytes deposited an extracellular matrix composed of Types II, IX, and XI collagen. Types IX and XI collagen were restricted to the pericellular domain from Day 5. By 2 weeks the entire cell layer stained for antibodies to Type II and IX collagens. Type XI could be demonstrated throughout the cell layer by pepsinization of the sections. Results from both rotary shadowing and immunochemistry showed that the fibrils formed in culture were heterotypic, with Type IX collagen arranged along the surface and with Type XI collagen buried in Type II fibrils. Nonspecific Type VI collagen and the glycoproteins tenascin and fibrillin, previously described in cartilaginous tissue, were identified by their ultrastructural characteristics in the cell layer homogenate. Although the cells presented morphological characteristics of chondrocytes and still expressed cartilage-specific collagens, the appearance of Type I collagen in the culture cell layer after 4 weeks of culture demonstrates a partial dedifferentiation of the chondrocytes. The culture system described in this report provides an interesting tool for maintaining chondrocytes in a cartilage-like matrix to study the influence of different physical and chemical factors on the expression and differentiation of the cells.

scholarly journals Thyroid hormone, insulin, and glucocorticoids are sufficient to support chondrocyte differentiation to hypertrophy: a serum-free analysis.

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 989-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Quarto ◽  
G Campanile ◽  
R Cancedda ◽  
B Dozin
Keyword(s):  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Hypertrophic Chondrocytes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type X Collagen ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Complete Cell

Chondrocytes from chicken embryo tibia can be maintained in culture as adherent cells in Coon's modified Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with 10% FCS. In this condition, they dedifferentiate, losing type II collagen expression in favor of type I collagen synthesis. Their differentiation to hypertrophy can be obtained by transferring them to suspension culture. Differentiation is evidenced by the shift from type I to type II and type IX collagen synthesis and the following predominant expression of type X collagen, all markers of specific stages of the differentiation process. To identify the factors required for differentiation, we developed a serum-free culture system where only the addition of triiodothyronine (T3; 10(-11) M), insulin (60 ng/ml), and dexamethasone (10(-9) M) to the F-12 medium was sufficient to obtain hypertrophic chondrocytes. In this hormonal context, chondrocytes display the same changes in the pattern of protein synthesis as described above. For proper and complete cell maturation, T3 and insulin concentrations cannot be modified. Insulin cannot be substituted by insulin-like growth factor-I, but dexamethasone concentration can be decreased to 10(-12) M without chondrogenesis being impaired. In the latter case, the expression of type X collagen and its mRNA are inversely proportional to dexamethasone concentration. When ascorbic acid is added to the hormone-supplemented medium, differentiating chondrocytes organize their matrix leading to a cartilage-like structure with hypertrophic chondrocytes embedded in lacunae. However, this structure does not present detectable calcification, at variance with control cultures maintained in FCS. Accordingly, in the presence of the hormone mixture, the differentiating chondrocytes have low levels of alkaline phosphatase activity. This report indicates that T3 and insulin are primary factors involved in the onset and progression of chondrogenesis, while dexamethasone supports cell viability and modulates some differentiated functions.

Type VI collagen expression is upregulated in the early events of chondrocyte differentiation

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
R. Quarto ◽  
B. Dozin ◽  
P. Bonaldo ◽  
R. Cancedda ◽  
A. Colombatti
Keyword(s):  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Vi Collagen ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Collagen Expression ◽  
Hypertrophic Chondrocyte

Dedifferentiated chondrocytes cultured adherent to the substratum proliferate and synthesize large amounts of type I collagen but when transferred to suspension culture they decrease proliferation, resume the chondrogenic phenotype and the synthesis of type II collagen, and continue their maturation to hypertrophic chondrocyte (Castagnola et al., 1986, J. Cell Biol. 102, 2310–2317). In this report, we describe the developmentally regulated expression of type VI collagen in vitro in differentiating avian chondrocytes. Type VI collagen mRNA is barely detectable in dedifferentiated chondrocytes as long as the attachment to the substratum is maintained, but increases very rapidly upon passage of the cells into suspension culture reaching a peak after 48 hours and declining after 5–6 days of suspension culture. The first evidence of a rise in the mRNA steady-state levels is obtained already at 6 hours for the alpha 3(VI) chain. Immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled cells with type VI collagen antibodies reveals that the early mRNA rise is paralleled by an increased secretion of type VI collagen in cell media. Induction of type VI collagen is not the consequence of trypsin treatment of dedifferentiated cells since exposure to the actin-disrupting drug cytochalasin or detachment of the cells by mechanical procedures has similar effects. In 13-day-old chicken embryo tibiae, where the full spectrum of the chondrogenic differentiation process is represented, expression of type VI collagen is restricted to the articular cartilage where chondrocytes developmental stage is comparable to stage I (high levels of type II collagen expression).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

In situ hybridization reveals differential spatial distribution of mRNAs for type I and type II collagen in the chick limb bud

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Devlin ◽  
P.M. Brickell ◽  
E.R. Taylor ◽  
A. Hornbruch ◽  
R.K. Craig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Mrna Accumulation ◽  
Rna Probes

During limb development, type I collagen disappears from the region where cartilage develops and synthesis of type II collagen, which is characteristic of cartilage, begins. In situ hybridization using antisense RNA probes was used to investigate the spatial localization of type I and type II collagen mRNAs. The distribution of the mRNA for type II collagen corresponded well with the pattern of type II collagen synthesis, suggesting control at the level of transcription and mRNA accumulation. In contrast, the pattern of mRNA for type I collagen remained more or less uniform and did not correspond with the synthesis of the protein, suggesting control primarily at the level of translation or of RNA processing.

scholarly journals Microfilament modification by dihydrocytochalasin B causes retinoic acid-modulated chondrocytes to reexpress the differentiated collagen phenotype without a change in shape.

1988 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Benya ◽  
P D Brown ◽  
S R Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Articular Chondrocytes ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Type Iii Collagen ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes

Primary monolayers of rabbit articular chondrocytes synthesize high levels of type II collagen and proteoglycan. This capacity was used as a marker for the expression of the differentiated phenotype. Such cells were treated with 1 microgram/ml retinoic acid (RA) for 10 d to produce a modulated collagen phenotype devoid of type II and consisting of predominantly type I trimer and type III collagen. After transfer to secondary culture in the presence of RA, the stability of the RA-modulated phenotype was investigated by culture in the absence of RA. Little reexpression of type II collagen synthesis occurred in this period unless cultures were treated with 3 X 10(-6) M dihydrocytochalasin B to modify microfilament structures. Reexpression of the differentiated phenotype began between days 6-8 and was essentially complete by day 14. Substantial reexpression occurred by day 8 without a detectable increase in cell rounding. Colony formation, characteristic of primary chondrocytes, was infrequent even after reexpression was complete. These data suggest that the integrity of microfilament cytoskeletal structures can be a source of regulatory signals that mechanistically appear to be more proximal to phenotypic change than the overt changes in cell shape that accompany reexpression of subculture-modulated chondrocytes in agarose culture.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Annatto Tocotrienol and Palm Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction on Chondrocytes Exposed to Monosodium Iodoacetate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9643
Author(s):  
Kok-Lun Pang ◽  
Norzana Abd Ghafar ◽  
Ima Nirwana Soelaiman ◽  
Kok-Yong Chin
Keyword(s):  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
Type I ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Chondrocyte Viability ◽  
Monosodium Iodoacetate ◽  
Α Level ◽  
Tocotrienol Rich Fraction

Background: This study aimed to compare the chondroprotective efficacy and mechanism of annatto tocotrienol (AnTT) and palm tocotrienol-rich fraction (PT3) using SW1353 chondrocytes treated with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). Methods: The chondrocytes were incubated with AnTT or PT3 in advance or concurrently with MIA for 24 h. The viability of the cells was tested with an MTT assay. The 8-isoprostane F2-α, extracellular matrix proteins, metalloproteinase and sex-determining region Y box protein 9 (SOX9) levels were determined using immunoassays. Results: AnTT and PT3 reversed an MIA-induced decrease in chondrocyte viability when incubated together with MIA (p < 0.05). Prior incubation with both mixtures did not produce the same effects. AnTT and PT3 cotreatment could suppress 8-isoprostane F2-α level in chondrocytes exposed to MIA (p < 0.01). Co-exposure to tocotrienols and MIA increased the type II collagen/type I collagen ratio in chondrocytes (p < 0.01). In addition, the co-exposure of AnTT and MIA for 24 h significantly upregulated SOX9, type II collagen and aggrecan levels (p < 0.05), which was not observed with co-exposure of PT3 and MIA, AnTT or PT3 exposure alone. Conclusion: AnTT and PT3 could prevent a reduction in chondrocyte viability following MIA exposure by reducing oxidative stress. In addition, AnTT might induce self-repair and anabolic activities in chondrocytes challenged with MIA.

scholarly journals Interaction between proteoglycan subunit and type II collagen from bovine nasal cartilage, and the preferential binding of proteoglycan subunit to type I collagen

1976 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Lee-Own ◽  
J C Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Nasal Cartilage ◽  
Preferential Binding ◽  
Calf Skin

We studied the interaction of proteoglycan subunit with both types I and II collagen. All three molecular species were isolated from the ox. Type II collagen, prepared from papain-digested bovine nasal cartilage, was characterized by gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis and CM-cellulose chromatography. By comparison of type I collagen, prepared from papain-digested calf skin, with native calf skin acid-soluble tropocollagen, we concluded that the papain treatment left the collagen molecules intact. Interactions were carried out at 4 degrees C in 0.06 M-sodium acetate, pH 4.8, and the results were studied by two slightly different methods involving CM-cellulose chromatography and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. It was demonstrated that proteoglycan subunit, from bovine nasal cartilage, bound to cartilage collagen. Competitive-interaction experiments showed that, in the presence of equal amounts of calf skin acid-soluble tropocollagen (type I) and bovine nasal cartilage collagen (type II), proteoglycan subunit bound preferentially to the type I collagen. We suggest from these results that, although not measured under physiological conditions, it is unlikely that the binding in vivo between type II collagen and proteoglycan is appreciably stronger than that between type I collagen and proteoglycan.

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