scholarly journals Induction of metallothionein synthesis by cadmium and zinc in cultured rabbit kidney cells (RK-13)

1993 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wan ◽  
P E Hunziker ◽  
J H R Kägi
Keyword(s):  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Induction Process ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Cellular Tolerance ◽  
Toxic Concentrations ◽  
In Cells

The effects of increasing concentrations of Zn(II) and Cd(II) on the expression of the four isometallothioneins (isoMTs), namely MT-1a, MT-2a, MT-2d and MT-2e, in rabbit kidney cells (RK-13) and the development of cellular tolerance to these metal ions were studied. The results showed that, whereas in parental cells MT concentration was low and composed nearly exclusively of MT-2a and MT-1a, all four isoMTs increased massively in abundance when the cells were exposed to toxic concentrations of Zn(II) or Cd(II), the relative increase being largest in the two minor isoforms MT-2d and MT-2e. While the response of the four isoMTs to the challenge by Zn(II) or Cd(II) was qualitatively comparable, there were differences in sensitivity and delay time, Cd(II) being the more efficient inducer and much faster in eliciting the onset of isoMT synthesis. An even larger production of isoMTs resulted when RK-13 cells were cultured in the presence of a series of metal concentrations yielding sub-lines of increased metal tolerance. In this instance too, there were marked differences in the response to Cd(II) and Zn(II). Thus, in cells of sub-lines selected for tolerance to moderate concentrations of Cd(II) the kinetic analysis of isoMT accretion gave indications of a saturable induction process while no such evidence was forthcoming for Zn(II). In sub-line cells selected for tolerance to the highest concentrations of Cd(II) or Zn(II) isoMT formation was increased by another order of magnitude, reaching for some isoforms a 100- to 1000-fold augmentation over the amounts measured in cells of the unexposed parental cells. A potentiation of this magnitude goes beyond the range of ordinary regulation of gene expression. It is to be viewed instead as an enlargement of the capacity of isoMT synthesis acquired by a variety of mechanisms in the surviving cells.

Dose-Related Toxicity of Copper and Cadmium in Striped Bass Larvae from the Chesapeake Bay: Field Considerations

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Toxic Concentrations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spawning Tributaries

Copper and cadmium monitoring in Chesapeake Bay sediments indicates that metal contamination exists in nursery areas for striped bass (Moronesaxatilis), which has been in serious decline over the last 17 years. Whole water metal concentrations in one spawning river were within an order of magnitude of published acutely toxic concentrations. Larval striped bass were exposed in the laboratory to copper and cadmium concentrations which were acutely toxic over a 96h period (24 and 19 µg L−1, respectively), and to sub-lethal concentrations of these metals over a three week period. Larvae from acutely toxic metal treatments, sub-lethal metal concentrations and control tanks were analyzed for cadmium and copper and the frequency distribution of metal body burdens was compared with field data. The distribution of copper concentrations in laboratory-exposed larvae was completely within the range of field specimens, and there was considerable overlap in cadmium frequency distributions from laboratory and field larvae. These results together with other published data suggest that environmental metal concentrations in some spawning tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay may pose a threat to striped bass, and the suggestion is made that greater efforts should be made to link laboratory and field toxicological data.

Preparation, spectral properties and biological activities of 5-bromo-6-methyl-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-iodo-6-methyl-2'-deoxyuridine

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 2364-2370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Holý ◽  
Erik De Clercq
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Cd Spectra ◽  
Methyl Derivatives ◽  
Primary Rabbit

Reaction of 3',5'-di-O-benzoyl-6-methyl-2'-deoxyuridine (IIa) with elementary bromine or iodine afforded 5-halogeno derivatives IIc and IId which on methanolysis gave 5-bromo-6-methyl-2'-deoxyurine (Ic) and 5-iodo-6-methyl-2'-deoxyurine (Id), respectively. The CD spectra of Ic, Id and 6-methyl-2'-deoxyuridine (Ia) are compared and discussed with regard to determination of the nucleoside conformation. Unlike 5-bromo- and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, the 6-methyl derivatives Ic and Id exhibit neither antibacterial nor antiviral activity. Nor do they exert any antimetabolic effect on the de novo DNA synthesis in primary rabbit kidney cells.

Studies of calcium-45 desaturation from kidney slices in flow-through chambers

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. R34-R38
Author(s):  
T. Uchikawa ◽  
A. B. Borle
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Kidney Slices ◽  
System A ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Exponential Equations ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Best Fit

This paper describes a method to measure calcium fluxes and calcium exchangeable pools in tissue slices by continuous perifusion in flow-through chambers. 45Ca desaturation from rat kidney slices can be analyzed as in an open three-compartment catenary system. A set of equations is given to calculate all the relevant kinetic parameters from the triple exponential equations which best fit the desaturation curves. The results show that the kinetic parameters obtained in kidney slices by this new method are in the same order of magnitude as those previously observed in cultured monkey kidney cells.

scholarly journals Growth of Nosema cuniculi in established cell lines

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Established Cell Lines ◽  
Established Cell ◽  
Canine Kidney

Growth patterns of Nosema cuniculi ( Encephalitozoon cuniculi) in cell cultures of bovine kidney, canine kidney, feline lung, and rabbit kidney were studied. All cell cultures used were easy to manage and the last 3 are commercially-available established cell lines. The dog kidney cells were the most suitable for large-scale production of Nosema. When grown in plastic flasks with a bottom area of 75 cm2, the weekly yield from Nosema-infected canine kidney cells during the 10th to 17th week after inoculation was between 4·1 x 107 and 9·9 x 107 spores per flask. An equilibrium was obtained between the Nosema infection and the kidney cells during this time. A simple method for estimating the numbel of harvested spores is also described.

VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF SILICONE-BASED MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL ELASTOMERS

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (28n29) ◽  
pp. 4790-4797 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOLGER BÖSE
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Mechanical Stiffness ◽  
Storage And Loss Moduli ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Reported Data

Magnetorheological (MR) elastomers are composite materials consisting of magnetic particles in elastomer matrices, whose mechanical properties can be influenced by applying a magnetic field. Main parameters which determine the behavior of these smart materials are the concentration of the magnetic particles and the mechanical stiffness of the elastomer matrix. The viscoelastic properties of silicone-based MR elastomers are outlined in terms of their storage and loss moduli. The mechanical behavior of the material is also influenced by a magnetic field during the curing of the elastomer matrix, which leads to materials with anisotropic microstructures. The storage modulus of soft elastomer matrix composites can be increased in the presence of a magnetic field by significantly more than one order of magnitude or several hundreds of kPa. The relative increase exceeds that of all previously reported data. A shape memory effect, i. e. the deformation of an MR elastomer in a magnetic field and its return to original shape on cessasion of the magnetic field, is described.

Some optimal conditions in freezing rabbit kidney cells for tissue cultures

Cryobiology ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Chagnon ◽  
Bertrand Couture ◽  
Vytautas Pavilanis
Keyword(s):  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Optimal Conditions

A second rubella vaccine

1971 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 52-52
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Human Diploid Cells ◽  
Diploid Cells

Available vaccines used in protection against rubella employ strains of virus attenuated by passage in animal cells. The first vaccine that was introduced in Britain, the Cendehill vaccine (Cendevax),1 is grown on tissue culture of rabbit kidney cells. Recently another rubella vaccine (Almevax live attenuated, Wistar RA 27/3), grown on human diploid cells, has been introduced. This vaccine induces antibodies as effectively as earlier vaccines, and the indications for its use are similar to those for the Cendehill vaccine.1 2 It is very important that pregnant women, women who might be pregnant, or women likely to become pregnant within 2 months, must not be vaccinated.

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