scholarly journals Ca2+-dependent regulation of vascular smooth-muscle caldesmon by S.100 and related smooth-muscle proteins

1991 ◽  
Vol 277 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Pritchard ◽  
S B Marston
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Muscle Proteins ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Thin Filaments ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Related Proteins

1. We have investigated the ability of bovine brain S.100, and of three related proteins from sheep aorta smooth muscle, to confer Ca(2+)-sensitivity on thin filaments reconstituted from smooth-muscle actin, tropomyosin and caldesmon. 2. At 37 degrees C in pH 7.0 buffer containing 120 mM-KCl, approximately stoichiometric amounts of S.100 reversed caldesmon's inhibition of the activation of myosin MgATPase by smooth-muscle actin-tropomyosin. The [S.100] which reversed by 50% the inhibition by caldesmon (the E.C.50) was 2.5 microM when [caldesmon] = 2-3 microM in the assay mixture. When [KCl] was decreased to 70 mM, E.C.50 = 11.5 microM; at 25 degrees C in 70 mM-KCl, up to 20 microM-S.100 had no effect. When skeletal-muscle actin rather than smooth-muscle actin was used to reconstitute thin filaments, 20 microM-S.100 did reverse inhibition by caldesmon, at 25 degrees C in buffer containing 70 mM-KCl. This dependence on conditions is also characteristic of the calmodulin-caldesmon interaction. 3. These results suggested that S.100 or a related protein might interact with caldesmon in smooth muscle. We therefore attempted to prepare such a protein from sheep aorta. Three proteins were purified: an Mr-17,000 protein (yield 16 mg/kg), an abundant Mr-11,000 protein (yield 48 mg/kg), and an Mr-9000 protein (yield 4 mg/kg). Neither of the last two low-Mr proteins had any effect on activation of myosin MgATPase by reconstituted thin filaments. The protein of Mr 17,000 had Ca(2+)-sensitizing activity, and behaved exactly like brain calmodulin in the assay system.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors and Leiomyomas in the Dog: A Histopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Genetic Study of 50 Cases

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Frost ◽  
J. Lasota ◽  
M. Miettinen
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Molecular Genetic Study ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
S 100

Fifty canine gastrointestinal (GI) mesenchymal tumors were examined to determine the occurrence of leiomyomas (LM) and GI stromal tumors and to compare their clinicopathologic features. Twenty-one tumors (42%) were histologically reclassified as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and 29 tumors (58%) as LMs on the basis of their histologic similarity with homologous human tumors. The GISTs occurred equally in males and females, with a mean age of 11 years (range 5–14 years). Five GISTs (24%) were associated with clinical signs and six (29%) had metastasis in liver or abdominal cavity. The GISTs occurred in large intestine (10, 48%), small bowel (six, 29%), stomach (four, 19%), and mesentery of small intestine (one, 5%). Histologically, they were highly cellular spindle, or less commonly epithelioid tumors with mitotic rates ranging from 0 to 19 per 10 HPF. Eleven tumors (52%) were positive for CD117 (KIT); seven (33%) were positive for smooth muscle actin but none for desmin and S-100 protein. Sequences of KIT exon 11, often mutated in human GISTs, were evaluated from four GISTs. Deletion of Try556-Lys557 coexisting with duplication of Gln555 in one case of GIST and T to C transition resulting in substitution of Pro for Leu575 in another were identified. The LMs occurred predominantly in males (82%) with a mean age of 11 years (range 8–17 years). Nine tumors (31%) had associated clinical signs. They occurred in the stomach (22, 76%), esophagus (four, 14%), and intestines (three, 10%); all were paucicellular, had no mitoses, and were composed of mature smooth muscle cells. Twenty-eight (97%) were positive for smooth muscle actin and 18(62%) for desmin but none for CD117 and S-100. Both GISTs and true LMs occur in the GI tract of dogs. Both tumors have distinctive pathologic features.

Immunohistochemical Staining Characteristics of Canine Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. LaRock ◽  
P. E. Ginn
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Microscopic Diagnosis

Sections from 35 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, canine gastrointestinal stromal tumors consisting of 14 leiomyomas (five stomach, three small intestine, two colon, four rectum), 18 leiomyosarcomas (one stomach, five small intestine, nine cecum, three rectum), two undifferentiated sarcomas (two stomach), and one neurofibrosarcoma (small intestine) were examined for the expression of vimentin, S-100 protein, α-smooth muscle actin, and desmin via immunoperoxidase methodology using an avidin-biotin complex technique. The leiomyomas were 4/14 (29%) vimentin-positive, 3/14 (21%) S-100 protein-positive, 10/14 (71%) α-smooth muscle actin-positive and 13/14 (93%) desmin-positive. Leiomyosarcomas were 18/18 (100%) vimentin-positive, 11/18 (61%) S-100 protein-positive, 9/18 (50%) α-smooth muscle actin-positive, and 15/18 (83%) desmin-positive. The undifferentiated sarcomas were 2/2 (100%) vimentin-positive, 2/2 (100%) S-100 protein-positive, 1/2 (50%) α-smooth muscle actin-positive, and 0/2 (0%) desmin-positive. The neurofibrosarcoma was vimentin and S-100 protein-positive and α-smooth muscle actin- and desmin-negative. Thirty-one of thirty-five (89%) of all neoplasms demonstrated reactivity for either desmin and/or α-smooth muscle actin. S-100 protein reactivity occurred in 17/35 (49%) of all specimens. Lack of desmin and α-smooth muscle actin reactivity occurred in 4/35 (11%) of all specimens, all of which were vimentin-positive. The immunohistochemical results indicate that the majority of canine gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) with light microscopic features of smooth muscle cells have immunohistochemical staining patterns supporting smooth muscle differentiation. Vimentin reactivity correlated with a light microscopic diagnosis of malignancy. The lack of smooth muscle cell markers in some tumors and the high percentage of cases positive for S-100 protein may suggest a more complex histogenesis or differentiation for subgroups of these tumors.

Pulmonary Myxoma in a Sheep

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ilhan ◽  
Z. Yener
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Myxoid Matrix ◽  
Uncommon Neoplasm

Pulmonary myxoma is an uncommon neoplasm. A pale tan, lobulated, and well-circumscribed mass was discovered at slaughter in the left lung of a 5-year-old sheep. Histologically, the tumor was composed of spindloid to stellate cells in a myxoid matrix. Neoplastic cells were immunohistochemically positive for vimentin but did not express cytokeratins, S-100 protein, smooth muscle actin, desmin, or p53. On the basis of the histologic and immunohistochemical findings, this tumor was diagnosed as a myxoma.

scholarly journals Structural Changes and Detection of Liver Fibrosis–Related Protein Levels in Coculture of Alveolar Echinococcosis-Protoscoleces and Human Hepatic Stellate Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEping cao ◽  
Emad Shamsan ◽  
Bofan Jiang ◽  
Zhang Yaogang ◽  
Mustafa Abdo Saif Dehwah
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Hepatic Stellate Cells ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Related Protein

Abstract BackgroundEchinococcus multilocularis is a causative agent of human alveolar echinococcosis (AE). AE leads to cirrhosis in several organs, such as the liver, triggering severe conditions, including hepatic failure and encephalopathy. The main purpose of this study is to explore the interaction between treated hepatic stellate cells and AE-protoscoleces (AE-PSCs). The results of this study will be provided experimental basis for revealing the mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis after AE infection.MethodsWe investigated the role of alveolar echinococcosis-protoscoleces (AE-PSCs) in liver fibrosis and structural changes and liver fibrosis-related protein expression in a coculture of PSCs and human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Structural changes were detected by transmission electron microscopy, whereas liver fibrosis-related proteins, collagen I, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and osteopontin levels were measured by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultsPSCs exhibited morphological changes, specifically changes in shape, and showed slight changes in the cytoplasmic membrane, whereas structural modifications were observed in HSCs. Additionally, western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that PSCs treated in vitro with HSC-LX2 showed significantly increased collagen-Ⅰ, α-smooth muscle actin, and osteopontin expression levels after 3–4 days of incubation in a coculture system. AE-PSCs induced liver fibrosis by inducing extracellular matrix expression and HSC activation.ConclusionsThese results provide insight into the pathogenesis of echinococcosis- induced hepatic fibrosis and introduce therapeutic targets and diagnostic criteria for managing echinococcosis-dependent liver fibrosis.

scholarly journals Immunophenotype Heterogeneity in Nasal Glomangiopericytoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Handra-Luca ◽  
Zakaria Y. Abd Elmageed ◽  
Christina Magkou ◽  
Marick Lae
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Resected Specimen ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Vascular Cell ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Complex Surgery

Nasal glomangiopericytoma is rare. The immunophenotype is heterogeneous, more frequently smooth-muscle-actin and CD34-positive. We report expression patterns for several vascular-related proteins such as CD99, CD146, Bcl2, and WT1 as well as for treatment-related proteins such as mTOR and EGFR in a nasal glomangiopericytoma. The patient (woman, 86 years) presented with a left nasal tumefaction. The resected specimen (1.5-cm) showed a glomangiopericytoma. Tumor cells expressed smooth-muscle-actin, CD31, CD34, and progesterone receptor. They also expressed the vascular-cell-related proteins Bcl2, CD99, CD146, and WT1, as well as mTOR and EGFR. Nasal glomangiopericytomas show immunohistochemical heterogeneity for vascular-related markers, suggesting a possible extensive pericytic differentiation. The expression of potential targets for drug treatments such as mTOR and EGFR may impact on the clinical follow-up of these tumors occurring at advanced ages, which may require complex surgery.

Glomangiomyoma (Glomus Tumor) of the Kidney

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (9) ◽  
pp. 1172-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noman H. Siddiqui ◽  
Agnieszka Rogalska ◽  
Indu S. Basil
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Glomus Tumor ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Thin Filaments ◽  
Glomus Tumors ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Computed Tomographic Scan

Abstract We report herein a case of glomus tumor arising in the kidney of a 55-year-old woman, which was found incidentally on a computed tomographic scan. Partial nephrectomy revealed a 2-cm encapsulated mass that was architecturally similar to glomus tumor. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity of tumor cells for vimentin and smooth muscle actin. On electron microscopy, cytoplasmic thin filaments and dense bodies were seen, confirming the smooth muscle nature of the tumor. Glomus tumors arising in visceral organs are rare, and those arising in kidney are exceedingly rare.

scholarly journals Bcl-2-related Proteins, α-Smooth Muscle Actin and Amyloid Deposits in Aggressive and non-Aggressive Basal Cell Carcinomas

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Önder Bozdogan ◽  
Emel Erkek ◽  
Pinar Atasoy ◽  
Mukadder Koçak ◽  
Ahu Birol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Related Proteins

scholarly journals Inflammatory fibroid polyp: an immunohistochemical study

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda da Cunha Santos ◽  
Venâncio A.F. Alves ◽  
Alda Wakamatsu ◽  
Sérgio Zucoloto
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp ◽  
Spindle Cells ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Fibroid Polyp

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory fibroid polyp is a localized lesion, which arises in the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, most often in the stomach.Although it is generally believed to represent a reactive, nonneoplastic condition, its histogenesis remains controversial. AIM: To study inflammatory fibroid polyp by immunohistochemistry in an attempt to further clarify their histogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nine cases were studied by immunohistochemistry using a panel of antibodies against smooth-muscle actin, vimentin, S-100 protein, factor VIII- R.Ag and macrophage (HAM-56). RESULTS: There was a strong diffuse positive staining pattern in the spindle cells with vimentin antibody. A patchy staining for smooth-muscle actin was observed in these cells. Immunophenotyping revealed a heterogeneous reaction with HAM-56. In edematous areas, HAM-56-positive cells show voluminous cytoplasm and reniform nuclei. In cell-rich areas, the HAM-56-positive cells had fusiform cytoplasm. Stains for S-100 and factor VIII RAg were negative in the proliferating elements. CONCLUSIONS: The present immunohistochemical study refutes the suggested neural or vascular nature of the lesion. The strong positivity for vimentin in all cases suggests a major component of spindle cells best recognizable as fibroblasts. These results would favor the existence of a span of morphological and immunohistochemical patterns possibly indicating evolutive phases of an inflammatory reaction.

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