scholarly journals The microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme of pancreatic islets

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
I D Waddell ◽  
A Burchell
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cells ◽  
Kinetic Characteristics ◽  
Immunological Properties ◽  
Cell Glucose ◽  
Phosphatase Enzyme

Microsomal fractions isolated from pancreatic islet cells were shown to contain high specific glucose-6-phosphatase activity. The islet-cell glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme has the same Mr (36,500), similar immunological properties and kinetic characteristics to the hepatic microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemistry of Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumors in the Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Andrews ◽  
N. C. Myers ◽  
C. Chard-Bergstrom
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Islet Cell Tumors ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cell ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumors

Twenty-two pancreatic islet cell tumors and normal pancreatic islets from ferrets were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for expression of the peptide hormones insulin, somatostatin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and the neuroendocrine markers chromogranin A (CgA) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). In normal pancreatic islets, the majority of cells stained strongly with CgA and NSE. A cells, B cells, D cells, and PP cells stained strongly with glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and PP, respectively. All 22 tumors stained with CgA and NSE. The proportion of cells within tumors staining for CgA was variable, but more than half of the cells stained positively in 18 of the tumors. The intensity of staining for CgA was strong (reactivity equivalent to or greater than normal islet cells in adjacent tissue) in 11 moderate in six, and weak in five of the tumors. All tumors stained for NSE, with ≥50% of the cells staining in 21 of the tumors, and the intensity of staining was strong in 18 of the tumors. Twenty of 22 tumors stained positively for insulin, with ≥50% of the cells staining in 19 of them. The intensity of staining for insulin was strong in 12, moderate in seven, and weak in one of the tumors. Approximately ≤1% of the cells in 15 of 22 tumors stained for somatostatin, five tumors stained for pancreatic polypeptide, and three tumors stained for glucagon. These data indicate that the majority of islet cell tumors of ferrets express immunohistochemically detectable insulin. CgA and NSE are both useful general markers for such tumors, including those that are insulin negative. Commercially available antisera to CgA, NSE, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and PP work well in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue for immunophenotyping islet cell tumors in the ferret.

Islet cell antibodies: variable immunostaining of pancreatic islet cells and carcinoid tissue

1995 ◽  
Vol 238 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERS HALLBERG ◽  
CLAES JUHLIN ◽  
CHRISTIAN BERNE ◽  
OLLE KÄMPE ◽  
F. ANDERS KARLSSON
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Islet Cell Antibodies ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cells

scholarly journals Alloxan cytotoxicity in vitro. Microscope photometric analyses of Trypan Blue uptake by pancreatic islet cells in suspension

1977 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Grankvist ◽  
Å Lernmark ◽  
I B Täljedal
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cells ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
20 Nm

Suspensions of islet cells were prepared by shaking pancreatic islets from non-inbred ob/ob mice in a Ca2+-free buffer. The cells were incubated with or without 20 mM-alloxan, and subsequently with Trypan Blue. The uptake of Trypan Blue by cell nuclei was analysed by microscope photometry and by counting the frequency of cells appearing stained on visual inspection. Cells classified as stained or unstained by inspection showed no overlap in nuclear absorbance. Suspensions not exposed to alloxan contained 70-80% of unstained cells. Alloxan markedly decreased the frequency of unstained cells, an effect counteracted by 5 or 20 mM-D-glucose. The spectrum of Trypan Blue in islet-cell nuclei was red-shifted by about 20 nm. A similar red-shift was observed on adding the dye to solutions of albumin or histones, but not on mixing the dye with DNA. Binding to basic proteins may explain the concentrative uptake of Trypan Blue in dead cells and contribute to the oncogenic transformation of phagocytotically active cells. Beta-Cells in vitro are killed by alloxan and hence represent a valid model for studying the diabetogenic action of the drug.

IgG subclasses of islet cell surface antibodies and their cytotoxic activity against pancreatic islet cells

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Suzuki ◽  
Shoji Kawazu ◽  
Kiyohiko Negishi ◽  
Toshiro Watanabe ◽  
Asanori Hokama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Igg Subclasses ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cells ◽  
Islet Cell Surface Antibodies ◽  
Surface Antibodies

scholarly journals The coupling of metabolic to secretory events in pancreatic islets. The cytosolic redox state

1984 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sener ◽  
F Malaisse-Lagae ◽  
S P Dufrane ◽  
W J Malaisse
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cells

NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme [malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP)] activities were characterized in the cytosol of pancreatic islet cells. D-Glucose and L-leucine augmented the cytosolic NADPH/NADP+ ratio, as judged from the isocitrate/2-oxoglutarate and malate/pyruvate islet contents. The flow rate through the malic enzyme was judged from the output of labelled pyruvate by islets exposed to either L-[U-14C]glutamine or L-[U-14C]leucine. The cytosolic generation of NADPH, e.g. at the level of the malic enzyme, may play a role in the coupling of metabolic to secretory events in the process of nutrient-stimulated insulin release.

scholarly journals Expression of Insulinoma-Associated 2 (INSM2) in Pancreatic Islet Cells Is Regulated by the Transcription Factors Ngn3 and NeuroD1

Endocrinology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. 1961-1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Cai ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Rennian Wang ◽  
Huan Xu ◽  
Yuhui You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cells ◽  
Neurogenin 3 ◽  
Fetal Pancreas ◽  
E Boxes

The insulinoma-associated 2 (Insm2) gene is a member of the Snail/Gfi1/Insm1 transcriptional repressor superfamily. However, little is known about how the expression of human INSM2 or mouse Insm2 in neuroendocrine tissues is regulated. Here we report the expression of INSM2/Insm2 in human fetal pancreas and mouse embryos, as well as adult pancreatic islets, and its regulation by two major islet transcription factors. Mutagenesis and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that the proximal E-boxes of the mouse Insm2 promoter are direct targets of neurogenin 3 and neurogenic differentiation 1 (NeuroD1). Furthermore, we found that endogenous Insm2 expression was activated in Ngn3/NeuroD1-transduced pancreatic epithelial duct cells. Our results suggest that Insm2 plays an important role in the differentiation cascade of Ngn3/NeuroD1 signaling in pancreatic islets.

Assembly of bioactive multilayered nanocoatings on pancreatic islet cells: incorporation of α1-antitrypsin into the coatings

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (53) ◽  
pp. 10652-10655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Liang Zhi ◽  
Jashandeep Singh ◽  
Amazon L. F. Austin ◽  
David C. D. Hope ◽  
Aileen J. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Proteins ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cells ◽  
Glycol Chitosan ◽  
Multilayer Deposition

A novel multilayer deposition approach to the delivery of therapeutic proteins onto the surface of pancreatic islets, using a heparin polyaldehyde and glycol chitosan alternating layering scheme, has been developed for addressing the blood-mediated inflammatory reaction against islet cells.

scholarly journals Recent progress in pancreatic islet cell therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erinn Zixuan Sim ◽  
Nobuaki Shiraki ◽  
Shoen Kume
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cell

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, are promising cell sources in regenerating pancreatic islets through in vitro directed differentiation. Recent progress in this research field has made it possible to generate glucose-responsive pancreatic islet cells from PSCs. Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have been applied to analyze PSC-derived endocrine beta-cells, which are then compared with human islets. This has led to the identification of novel signaling pathways and molecules involved in lineage commitment during pancreatic differentiation and maturation processes. Single-cell transcriptomics are also used to construct a detailed map of in vivo endocrine differentiation of developing mouse embryos to study pancreatic islet development. Mimicking those occurring in vivo, it was reported that differentiating PSCs can generate similar islet cell structures, while metabolomics analysis highlighted key components involved in PSC-derived pancreatic islet cell function, providing information for the improvement of in vitro pancreatic maturation procedures. In addition, cell transplantation into diabetic animal models, together with the cell delivery system, is studied to ensure the therapeutic potentials of PSC-derived pancreatic islet cells. Combined with gene-editing technology, the engineered mutation-corrected PSC lines originated from diabetes patients could be differentiated into functional pancreatic islet cells, suggesting possible autologous cell therapy in the future. These PSC-derived pancreatic islet cells are a potential tool for studies of disease modeling and drug testing. Herein, we outlined the directed differentiation procedures of PSC-derived pancreatic islet cells, novel findings through transcriptome and metabolome studies, and recent progress in disease modeling.

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