scholarly journals Identification of an essential glutamic acid residue in β-lactamase II from Bacillus cereus

1986 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Little ◽  
E L Emanuel ◽  
J Gagnon ◽  
S G Waley
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Thiol Group ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Pepsin Digestion ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Glutamic Acid Residue ◽  
Beta Lactamase Ii

Beta-Lactamase II from Bacillus cereus was readily inactivated by incubation at pH 4.75 with a water-soluble carbodiimide plus a suitable nucleophile. In the early stages of the reaction, 1 equivalent of nucleophile was incorporated/equivalent of enzyme, whereas during the later stages a second equivalent of nucleophile was also incorporated. This latter process correlated with the blocking of the enzyme's single thiol group. Enzyme inactivated in the presence of the coloured nucleophile N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethylenediamine was fragmented by pepsin digestion, and coloured peptides were isolated by gel filtration and h.p.l.c. Two major peptides, representing 52% of the incorporated label, were isolated and sequenced. Both peptides contained the incorporated label on glutamic acid-37, and it is concluded that this latter residue represents a catalytically essential carboxylic residue in beta-lactamase II.

scholarly journals Site-directed mutagenesis of dicarboxylic acids near the active site of Bacillus cereus 5/B/6 β-lactamase II

1991 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
H M Lim ◽  
R K Iyer ◽  
J J Pène
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Carboxy Group ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Aspartic Acid Residue ◽  
Beta Lactamase Ii

An amino acid residue functioning as a general base has been proposed to assist in the hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics by the zinc-containing Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase II [Bicknell & Waley (1985) Biochemistry 24, 6876-6887]. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of cloned Bacillus cereus 5/B/6 beta-lactamase II was used in an ‘in vivo’ study to investigate the role of carboxy-group-containing amino acids near the active site of the enzyme. Substitution of asparagine for the wild-type aspartic acid residue at position 81 resulted in fully functional enzyme. An aspartic acid residue at position 90 is essential for beta-lactamase II to confer any detectable ampicillin and cephalosporin C resistance to Escherichia coli. Conversion of Asp90 into Asn90 or Glu90 lead to the synthesis of inactive enzyme, suggesting that the spatial position of the beta-carboxy group of Asp90 is critical for enzyme function.

scholarly journals The production and molecular properties of the zinc β-lactamase of Pseudomonas maltophilia IID 1275

1985 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bicknell ◽  
E L Emanuel ◽  
J Gagnon ◽  
S G Waley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Thiol Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Zinc Enzyme ◽  
Pseudomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Measurable Rate ◽  
Beta Lactamase Ii

The production and purification of a tetrameric zinc beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas maltophilia IID 1275 were greatly improved. Three charge variants were isolated by chromatofocusing. The subunits each contain two atomic proportions of zinc and (in two of the variants) one residue of cysteine. The thiol group is not required for activity, nor does it appear to bind to the metal. Replacement of zinc by cobalt, cadmium or nickel takes place at a measurable rate, and gives enzymes that are less active than the zinc enzyme. The properties of this enzyme differ from those of the other known zinc beta-lactamase, beta-lactamase II from Bacillus cereus. The amino acid sequence of the N-terminal 32 residues was determined; there is no similarity to the N-terminal sequences of other beta-lactamases.

scholarly journals A thiono-β-lactam substrate for the β-lactamase II of Bacillus cereus. Evidence for direct interaction between the essential metal ion and substrate

1989 ◽  
Vol 258 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
B P Murphy ◽  
R F Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Enzyme Active Site ◽  
Lactam Carbonyl ◽  
Beta Lactamase Ii ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

An 8-thionocephalosporin was shown to be a substrate of the beta-lactamase II of Bacillus cereus, a zinc metalloenzyme. Although it is a poorer substrate, as judged by the Kcat./Km parameter, than the corresponding 8-oxocephalosporin, the discrimination against sulphur decreased when the bivalent metal ion in the enzyme active site was varied in the order Mn2+ (the manganese enzyme catalysed the hydrolysis of the oxo compound but not that of the thiono compound), Zn2+, Co2+ and Cd2+. This result is taken as evidence for kinetically significant direct contact between the active-site metal ion of beta-lactamase II and the beta-lactam carbonyl heteroatom. No evidence was obtained, however, for accumulation of an intermediate with such co-ordination present.

Sequence Determination of a Protein with N-Terminal Glutamic Acid after Modification of Carboxyl Groups with Carbodiimide as the Coupling Agent

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 560-562
Author(s):  
C. Gilardeau ◽  
M. Chrétien
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Edman Degradation ◽  
Sequence Determination ◽  
Glutamic Acid Residue ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
Glycine Methyl Ester

Glutamine and asparagine residues in proteins can be differentiated from glutamic and aspartic residues, during the Edman degradation, after modification of the carboxyl groups by glycine methyl ester in presence of a water-soluble carbodiimide. When applied to ovine and porcine beta-lipotropic hormones, which have a glutamic acid residue at the N-terminus, the carbodiimide blocks the N-terminus. However, the Edman degradation proceeds normally, if the phenylthiocarbamyl derivative is formed prior to the modification reaction with glycine. In this communication, radioactive glycine was used to modify the carboxyl groups.

scholarly journals Identification of histidine residues that act as zinc ligands in β-lactamase II by differential tritium exchange

1979 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
G S Baldwin ◽  
S G Waley ◽  
E P Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Histidine Residues ◽  
Tryptic Digest ◽  
Beta Lactamase Ii

1. Four histidine-containing peptides have been isolated from a tryptic digest of the Zn2+-requiring beta-lactamase II from Bacillus cereus. One of these peptides probably contains two histidine residues. 2. The presence of one equivalent of Zn2+ substantially decreases the rate of exchange of the C-2 proton in at least two and probably three of the histidine residues of these peptides for solvent 3H. 3. It is concluded that peptides containing at least two of the three histidine residues acting as Zn2+ ligands at the tighter Zn2+-binding site of beta-lactamase II have been identified.

scholarly journals An X-ray-crystallographic study of β-lactamase II from Bacillus cereus at 0.35 nm resolution

1987 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
B J Sutton ◽  
P J Artymiuk ◽  
A E Cordero-Borboa ◽  
C Little ◽  
D C Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Heavy Atom ◽  
Cysteine Residue ◽  
Histidine Residues ◽  
Glutamic Acid Residue ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Density Map ◽  
Beta Lactamase Ii ◽  
Electron Density Map

Crystals of beta-lactamase II (EC 3.5.2.6., ‘penicillinase’) from Bacillus cereus were grown with Cd(II) in place of the natural Zn(II) cofactor and stabilized by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Their space group is C2, the cell dimensions are a = 5.44 nm, b = 6.38 nm, c = 7.09 nm and beta = 93.6 degrees, and there is one molecule in the asymmetric unit. Diffraction data were collected from cross-linked crystals of the Cd(II)-enzyme, the apoenzyme and six heavy-atom derivatives. The electron-density map calculated at 0.35 nm resolution reveals the essential Cd(II) ion surrounded by three histidine residues and one cysteine residue. The position of a glutamic acid residue, modification of which destroys activity [Little, Emanuel, Gagnon & Waley (1986) Biochem. J. 233, 465-469], suggests the probable location of the active site of the enzyme. Two minor Cd(II) sites not essential for activity were also located. The structure of the apoenzyme at this resolution appears to differ from that of the Cd(II)-enzyme only in the orientation of two of the histidine residues and the cysteine residue that surround the metal ion.

Interaction of β-lactamases I and II from Bacillus cereus with semisynthetic cephamycins. Kinetic studies

1991 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Martin Villacorta ◽  
P Arriaga ◽  
J Laynez ◽  
M Menendez
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Class A ◽  
Rate Determining Step ◽  
Class B ◽  
Lactam Ring ◽  
Beta Lactamase Ii

The influence of C-6 alpha- or C-7 alpha-methoxylation of the beta-lactam ring in the catalytic action of class A and B beta-lactamases has been investigated. For this purpose the kinetic behaviour of beta-lactamases I (class A) and II (class B) from Bacillus cereus was analysed by using several cephamycins, moxalactam, temocillin and related antibiotics. These compounds behaved as poor substrates for beta-lactamase II, with high Km values and very low catalytic efficiencies. In the case of beta-lactamase I, the substitution of a methoxy group for a H atom at C-7 alpha or C-6 alpha decreased the affinity of the substrates for the enzyme. Furthermore, the acylation of cephamycins was completely blocked, whereas that of penicillins was slowed down by a factor of 10(4)-10(5), acylation being the rate-determining step of the process.

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