scholarly journals Influence of dietary fat on the lipid composition of rat brain synaptosomal and microsomal membranes

1982 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Foot ◽  
T F Cruz ◽  
M T Clandinin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Microsomal Membrane ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Microsomal Membranes

The modulation of rat brain microsomal and synaptosomal membrane lipid by diet fat was examined. Brain synaptosomal and microsomal membrane composition was compared for rats fed on diets containing either soya-bean oil (SBO), SBO plus choline, SBO lecithin, sunflower oil (SFO), chow or low-erucic acid rape-seed oil (LER) for 24 days. Cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine levels in both membranes were altered by diet. Diet fat also affected the microsomal content of sphingomyelin. Change in membrane phosphatidylcholine level was related to the relative balance of omega-6, omega-3 and monounsaturated fatty acids within the diets fed. The highest phosphatidylcholine levels appeared in membranes of animals fed on SBO lecithin and the lowest in those fed on LER. Microsomal membrane cholesterol and sphingomyelin content increased by feeding on SBO lecithin. In both synaptosomal and microsomal membranes a highly significant correlation was observed between membrane phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol content. The fatty acyl composition of phospholipids from both membranes also altered with diet and age. Alteration in fatty acid composition was observed in response to dietary levels of omega-6, omega-3 and monounsaturated fatty acids, but the unsaturation index of each phospholipid remained constant for all diet treatments. These changes in lipid composition suggest that dietary fat may be a significant modulator in vivo of the physicobiochemical properties of brain synaptosomal and microsomal membranes.

scholarly journals PSV-39 Fatty acids profile of the meat from Nellore young bulls supplemented with lauric acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 339-340
Author(s):  
Sergiane A Araújo ◽  
Ronaldo L Oliveira ◽  
Analívia M Barbosa ◽  
Aline R Silva ◽  
Rebeca D X Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Coronary Diseases ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Omega 6

Abstract Lauric acid (LA) is an additive used in ruminant’s diet with the purpose of mitigating the methane effect. However, the presence of a certain amount of LA in the rumen can cause a reduction in the microbial population and ruminal metabolic processes, such as the biohydrogenation. This study aimed evaluate the effect of the LA inclusion in the diet of Nellore on the fatty acids profile of the meat. Thirty-two young Nellore bulls were used with an average age of 24-months. The animals were individually fed with a total mixed ration with 40% of roughage (Cynodon sp. hay) and 60% of concentrated mix, composed with ground corn, soybean meal, urea, mineral premix and LA in 0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5% of inclusion in the total diet dry matter basis. Those amounts constituted the treatments. At the end of the trial, the animals were slaughtered and the meat was stored at -21oC, before analyses. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and eight replications. The data were submitted to regression analysis, and significance was declared when P < 0.05. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of the inclusion of LA in the sum of saturated fatty acids (∑SAF=43.45±1.55), monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA=41.9±0.29), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA=12.25±1.40). The inclusion of LA in the diets also did not affect the sum of omega-3 fatty acids (∑ n-3=1.05±0.22), omega-6 fatty acids (∑ n-6=3.02±0.49, and the reason n-6: n-3 (2.91±0.12). The atherogenicity (0.65±0.05) and trombogenicity (1.47±0.10) indexes, important indexes to predict heart coronary diseases risk, were not affected by the inclusion of LA in the diet of the animals. The results suggest that LA can be included up to 1.5% (DM basis of total diet) in the diets of Nellore without causing any significant changes in the fatty acids profile of the meat.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE LEVEL OF FATTY ACIDS IN ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES AND SERUM OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER IN NOVOSIBIRSK

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Kruchinina ◽  
V. N. Kruchinin ◽  
Ya. I. Prudnikova ◽  
A. A. Gromov ◽  
M. V. Shashkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Omega 6

The objectiveis to measure the level of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and serum of patients with colorectal cancer.Materials and methods.The study group included 100 patients with diagnosed colorectal cancer (57 men and 43 women). The control group included 24 reasonably healthy people (14 men and 10 women) matched for age and sex, without malignant cancers or manifested pathology of the internal organs.Results.Decreased levels of saturated, monounsaturated fatty acids and increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in erythrocyte membranes and serum (p <0.0001–0.05) were observed. The levels of omega-3 PUFAs in colorectal cancer exceeded the levels in healthy individuals both in erythrocyte membranes and in serum; for omega-6 PUFAs only a trend was observed. At the same time, the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 PUFAs in colorectal cancer was lower than in control (p <0.0001–0.002). The state of erythrocyte membranes more significantly and for more parameters characterized differences between the groups than serum. The most discriminating parameters between patients with colorectal cancer and healthy individuals both in erythrocyte membranes and serum were the levels of C20:2;11,14 (eicosadienoic), C20:3;8,11,14 (dihomo-γ-linolenic), C20:4;5,8,11,14 (eicosatetraenoic, arachidonic), C22:5;7,10,13,16,19 (docosapentaenoic), and C22:6;4,7,10,13,16,19 (docosahexaenoic) PUFAs.

Erythrocytes and Skeletal Muscle Unsaturated and Omega-6 Fatty Acids Are Positively Correlated after Caloric Restriction and Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Martorell ◽  
Victoria Pons ◽  
Joan Carles Domingo ◽  
Xavier Capó ◽  
Antoni Sureda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Omega 6

Background: Nutritional intervention studies with fatty acid (FA) supplements assess the efficacy of the intervention by measuring the changes in erythrocyte membrane lipid profiles reflected in tissue composition changes. The aim was to determine the effects of caloric restriction (CR) on erythrocytes lipid composition and to compare and correlate these changes with skeletal muscle acid profiles after CR. Methods: Erythrocytes were obtained from 11 healthy men before and after 4 weeks of 33% CR in post-exercise conditions; muscle biopsies were obtained from the same athletes after 4 weeks of 33% CR in post-exercise conditions. Samples were used for FA determination by chromatography. Results: CR significantly modified erythrocyte FAs composition. Skeletal muscle FA profile was significantly different from that for the erythrocytes. The erythrocyte FA profile was more saturated (52.1 ± 1.5% and 32.8 ± 0.9%, respectively) and less monounsaturated (21.0 ± 0.8% and 39.0 ± 2.0%, respectively) than the skeletal muscle FA profile and similarly polyunsaturated. Conclusions: CR modifies erythrocyte lipid composition, mainly omega-6 FAs. Erythrocyte monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and omega-6 FAs, but not the saturated and omega-3 FAs, were significantly positively correlated with skeletal muscle FAs. There is a discordance between saturated and omega-3 FAs from erythrocyte and from muscle, but monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and omega-6 fatty acids are positively correlated.

scholarly journals Nutritional management and sexual condition in cattle determine differentiation in the fatty acid profile of meat

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 2453-2470
Author(s):  
Jonatas Cattelam ◽  
◽  
Flânia Mônego Argenta ◽  
Dari Celestino Alves Filho ◽  
Ivan Luiz Brondani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Modern Population

This study aimed at evaluating the fatty acid profile of meat from feedlot finished heifers and steers fed with high-grain diets. It was used 45 Charolais and Nellore crossbred cattle, 21 of them were heifers with an initial age of 32 ± 2 months and 359.9 ± 6.7 kg of body weight, and 24 were steers with an initial age of 20 ± 2 months and 337.6 ± 6.2 kg of body weight. The animals were distributed in the treatments according to the energy source used in the diet, being them: rice, white oats or corn, using seven heifers and eight steers for each diet. The experimental design was completely randomized, with factorial arrangement 3 x 2 (three treatments and two sexual conditions). The diet based on corn provided higher levels of pentadecylic and margaric fatty acids. Excepting elaidic fatty acid, beef from steers and heifers was similar for the different saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids evaluated. A rice-based diet is advantageous when meat production is recommended with greater participation of fatty acids from the omega-3 group. When finished in feedlot with high-grain diets, the heifers produce meat with higher conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content and a better ratio between omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids compared to steers. These findings indicate that it is possible to modify undesirable characteristics in meat through the nutritional management of animals, searching for a product that meets the requirements of a modern population, which is redefining its principles regarding food.

scholarly journals FATTY ACIDS AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: EVIDENCE ON COGNITION AND CORTICAL ?-AMYLOID FROM SECONDARY ANALYSES OF THE MULTIDOMAIN ALZHEIMER PREVENTIVE TRIAL

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
C. Hooper ◽  
B. Vellas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Trans Fats ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

Fatty acids are long-chain hydrocarbons that can be separated into four groups: saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fats (1). The brain is highly enriched in fatty acids particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with docosahexaenoic acid (an omega 3: n-3 PUFA) and arachidonic acid (an omega 6: n-6 PUFA) being the most abundant (2,3). Fats control the structure and function of cell membranes and therefore impact upon signal transduction and neurotransmission and PUFAs play a role in inflammatory processes (4). Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids can be synthesized de novo within the brain, but PUFAs are mainly supplied by the blood (5).

scholarly journals Wholemeal Spelt Bread Enriched with Green Spelt as a Source of Valuable Nutrients

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
Urszula Gawlik-Dziki ◽  
Dariusz Dziki ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Almost All

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of wholemeal bread prepared from the flour of spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) that was enriched by the addition of freeze-dried spelt grain (at proportions of 4%, 8%, and 12%, respectively, in relation to the flour weight). The spelt grain used in the study was harvested at the milk dough stage (the so-called green grain). Green spelt grain was characterized by a significantly higher content of minerals namely P, Mg, Ca and Zn compared to ripe spelt grain. Additionally, it contained significantly higher amounts of amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Gly, Ala, Cys, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Phe, Lys), lipids, as well as monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and omega-3 and omega-9 acids. However, it had a lower content of palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and omega-6 acids. The results showed that the nutritional value of bread was improved by the green spelt grain, however the ω6/ω3 ratio in bread enriched with green spelt grain was slightly less favorable than in control bread. Among all the products tested, bread enriched with a 12% proportion of green spelt grain was characterized by the highest content of almost all the amino acids (except for Pro, Cys, and Met), as well as in Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe. In addition, overall acceptability of this bread was the highest. Bread enriched with 8% of green grain contained the highest amount of P, Ca, Pro, linoleic acid, PUFA, and ω 6 acids, while bread enriched with 4% of green spelt grain had the highest content of palmitic acid and saturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals The Effect of Climate and Diet on Body Lipid Composition in the Oriental Hornet (Vespa orientalis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Volov ◽  
Nitzan Cohen ◽  
Levona Bodner ◽  
Shahar Dubiner ◽  
Abraham Hefetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Vespa Orientalis ◽  
Unsaturated Lipids ◽  
Oriental Hornet ◽  
Omega 6

Fatty acids (FA) are the primary metabolic fuel for many organisms and the fundamental component of membranes of all living organisms. FAs can be saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), or polyunsaturated (PUFA). PUFA are not synthesized by most animals and are considered as essential nutrients. We examined the effect of climate on the saturation level of polar (mostly membranal) and neutral lipids in the body of the Oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis) from two extreme climatic zones: Mediterranean high elevation; and hot arid desert. In contrast to previous reports, the environmental temperature was shown to affect the hornet colonies’ thermal environments. The hornets nonetheless maintained their colony temperature within a narrow range. Analyses of the hornets’ unsaturation levels of polar and non-polar body lipids revealed caste differences: gynes and males contained less unsaturated lipids than workers. However, there were no differences in the respective castes between the two different climate zones tested. Experimentally manipulating the diet of queenless hornet colonies to a high Omega-3 diet (salmon) or a high Omega-6 diet (crickets) had only a minor effect on the worker-born males’ lipid composition. Although salmon-fed males had a higher Omega-3 content than cricket-fed ones, the proportion of these fatty acids was still low (below 1%). Cricket-fed males had significantly higher levels of Omega-6 than salmon-fed males. Our data show that the specific lipid composition of the hornet body is highly regulated and deficient in essential PUFA, even under different climates or high Omega-3 or Omega-6 PUFA diet. PUFA, especially Omega-3, is considered to have a beneficial effect on physiological processes. Our finding that these FA, when common in the diet, are almost absent in the body raises questions about how they affect animals’ physiology.

scholarly journals Alternations in Cholesterol and Fatty Acids Composition in Egg Yolk of Rhode Island Red x Fyoumi Hens Fed with Hemp Seeds (Cannabis sativaL.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaib Shahid ◽  
Naila Chand ◽  
Rifat Ullah Khan ◽  
Syed Muhammad Suhail ◽  
Nazir Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Yolk Cholesterol

The present study was designed to evaluate the influence of hemp seed (HS) supplementation on egg yolk cholesterol and fatty acid composition in laying hens. Sixty hens (Rhode Island Red x Fyoumi) were evenly distributed into four groups (three replicates per group) at the peak production (34 weeks). HS was included into the ration at the level of 0.0 (HS-0), 15 (HS-15), 20 (HS-20), and 25% (HS-25) and continued the supplementation for consecutively three weeks. At the end of the experiment, three eggs per replicate were randomly collected and analyzed for egg yolk fatty acids and cholesterol profile. The statistical analysis of the result revealed that supplementation of HS-25 significantly(P<0.05)decreased egg yolk total cholesterol, myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), and stearic (C18:0). Similarly, total as well as individual monounsaturated fatty acids decreased significantly(P<0.05)while total and individual polyunsaturated fatty acids increased significantly in the HS-25. In addition, total omega-3 and omega-6 increased significantly in the HS-25 group. From the present result, we concluded that addition of HS at the rate of 25% to the diet of laying hens augmented the cholesterol and fatty acids profile in egg yolk.

scholarly journals The under-appreciated fats of life: the two types of polyunsaturated fats

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Hulbert
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Biological Membranes ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Different Depths

ABSTRACT There are two types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (i.e. fats that contain multiple carbon-carbon double bonds) – omega-6 and omega-3. They are not interconvertible, and they contribute ‘double-bonded carbons’ to different depths in bilayer membranes, with different effects on membrane processes. This Commentary emphasises the importance of these fats for biological membrane function and examines their evolution and biochemistry. Omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids are separately essential in the diet of animals, and they pass up the food chain largely from plants, with ‘seeds’ being a prevalent source of omega-6, and ‘leaves’ a prevalent source of omega-3. The dietary balance between these fatty acids has a strong influence on membrane composition. Although this aspect of diet has been little investigated outside of the biomedical field, emerging evidence shows it can alter important physiological capacities of animals (e.g. exercise endurance and adiposity), which has implications for activities such as avian migration and hibernation and torpor, as well as significant implications for human health. This Commentary will focus on the separate effects of omega-3 and omega-6 on membrane properties and will emphasise the importance of the balance between these two fatty acids in determining the function of biological membranes; I hope to convince the reader that fats should be considered first and foremost as the basic unit of biological membranes, and secondarily as a means of energy storage.

scholarly journals Biochemical composition of some Echinodermata (Holothuroidea, Echinoidea) from the Red Sea, Egypt

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. O. Ahmed ◽  
A. Mahdy ◽  
S. A. M. Nasser ◽  
K. F. Abd El-Wakeil ◽  
A. H. Obuid-Allah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Holothuria Atra

Abstract In the present study, the biochemical composition of some Echinodermata (Holothuroidea, Echinoidea) from the Red Sea, Egypt was investigated. The results showed that the highest percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was in Holothuria nobilis and the lowest percentage was recorded in Holothuria scabra. The highest percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was recorded in Pearsonothuria graeffei while the lowest percentage was recorded in Holothuria atra. The highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was recorded in Holothuria nobilis and the lowest percentage was recorded in Holothuria atra. The highest percentage of omega-3 fatty acids was recorded in Stichopus hermanni however, the lowest percentage was recorded in Diadema setosum. The highest percentage of omega-6 fatty acids was recorded in Bohadschia vitiensis where, the lowest percentage was recorded in Holothuria atra. In addition, nonessential amino acid (NEAA) glycine were the highest in all species and serine was the lowest while Essential amino acid (EAA) arginine was the highest and cysteine was the lowest. All of the NEAA recorded highest concentrations in S. hermanni except proline. The recorded essential amino acids were histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and leucine. The latter was high in Pearsonothuria graeffei. Tyrosine, valine, threonine, and arginine were high in Stichopus hermanni. The present study proved that sea cucumbers has great nutritional value.

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