Autophagy: a two-edged sword in diabetes mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 456 (3) ◽  
pp. e1-e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suguru Yamamoto ◽  
Junichiro J. Kazama ◽  
Masafumi Fukagawa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Osteoblastic Cell ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Biochemical Journal ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes

A fragility fracture is a serious complication in patients with diabetes mellitus as a result of hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and the production of AGEs (advanced glycation end-products). In their paper published in the Biochemical Journal, Bartolomé et al. identified a role for autophagy in the differentiation, function and survival of osteoblastic cells in a high-glucose environment, and they also demonstrated that osteoblastic cell survival was limited by chemical and genetic inhibition of autophagy. These novel findings show the possibility of investigating a therapeutic strategy of maintaining autophagy in osteoblasts to lead to the prevention of diabetes-related osteopaenia. Autophagy is one of the common functions for maintaining cellular health, and the regulation of autophagy that is perturbed by diabetes mellitus may induce improvement of cellular functions not only for diabetes-related osteopaenia, but also for other systemic complications. However, systemic activation of autophagy may not always induce beneficial effects for non-targeted healthy cells, and autophagy should be controlled at a proper level at each disease stage in each target organ.

scholarly journals Quantitative Color Fundus Autofluorescence in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Stela Vujosevic ◽  
Caterina Toma ◽  
Paolo Nucci ◽  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
Stefano De Cillà
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Metabolic Evaluation ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Custom Software ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Present Pilot Study

A new short wavelength confocal blue-light 450 nm-fundus autofluorescence (color-FAF) allows for visualization of minor fluorophores (e.g., advanced glycation end products, AGEs), besides lipofuscin. The aim of the present pilot study was to quantitatively evaluate color-FAF in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and to correlate these data with different stages of retinal disease severity. Optical coherence tomography and color-FAF images of 193 patients/eyes and 18 controls were analyzed using a custom software for quantification of the long (red) and short (green) wavelength components of the emission spectrum (REFC/GEFC). Measurements were performed in nine quadrants of the 6-mm ETDRS macular grid. Foveal GEFC and REFC intensities were higher in patients with DM compared to controls (p = 0.015 and p = 0.006 respectively) and in eyes with center involving diabetic macular edema (DME) compared to eyes without DME (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between GEFC and REFC intensities and central retinal thickness, r = 0.37 (p < 0.001) and r = 0.42 (p < 0.001), respectively. No differences were found in color-FAF among different DR severity groups. Quantitative color-FAF could become helpful for the metabolic evaluation of retina in patients with DM and in DME; however, further histologic and immunohistochemical studies on distribution of different retinal fluorophores in DM are needed to better understand its role.

scholarly journals RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CALCANEAL FRACTURES IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4(44)) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Kovalchuk P. Ye. ◽  
Gasko М. V. ◽  
Tulyulyuk S. V. ◽  
ShutkaV. J. ◽  
Bugai R. I.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Calcaneal Fractures ◽  
Emergency Rescue ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Inability To Work ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes ◽  
Optical Transducer

One of the complicated problems of traumatology in the treatment of patients with calcaneal fractures is prevention of diabetes mellitus consequences. The work presents the analysis of treatment results of 72 patients with calcaneal fractures treated by means of surgical method at the Traumatological Adult Department, of the Regional Clinical Hospital “Emergency Rescue Hospital” (ERH), Chernivtsi, for the period from 2011 to 2018. With the purpose to examine the efficacy of treatment of calcaneal fractures all the patients were distributed into three clinical groups, patients with diabetes mellitus were isolated, and remote results of treatment were compared. Therefore, analysis of surgical treatment remote results of intra-articular calcaneal fractures in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus demonstrated that application of closed reposition under electrical optical transducer (EOT) control and fixation by means of wires leads to 44,38% improvement of treatment results, shortened terms of inability-to-work and disability.

scholarly journals CLINICAL STUDY OF RETINOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH RISK FACTORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Kalpana Singh ◽  
Dr Dhiraj Balwir ◽  
Dr Jeetendra Singh ◽  
Dr Ruchita Raikar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Aim: To study the relationship between severity of diabetic retinopathy (PDR or NPDR) and systemic complications of diabetes mellitus such as Neuropathy, Nephropathy or Cardiovascular manifestation as hypertension. Methods and Materials: This prospective observational study of 100 patients suffering from diabetic retinopathy. Such patients were recruited as a part of the study and further examined for any other systemic abnormality as neuropathy, nephropathy or hypertension. Statistical Analysis: Chi square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. P value < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Male: Female ratio of presence of diabetic retinopathy was 2.13: 1. The rate of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was 1.47 % in persons who had diabetes for less than 5 years to 7.35 % in persons who had diabetes more than 15 years. In our study, it was seen that nephropathy was present in 35.71 % cases with PDR as compared to 8.93% of cases with Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Conclusion: Our study showed that there is a significant correlation between severity of retinopathy and duration in type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients. Maximum number of patients with Diabetes mellitus having cardiovascular involvement, had hypertension (68%).In patients suffering from neuropathy as a complication of DM, maximum number of patients had diabetic foot (56%).It was seen that the severity of diabetic retinopathy had some association with presence of nephropathy. Also it can be postulated that patients with severe NPDR and PDR have high risk of developing nephropathy than patients suffering with mild and moderate NPDR. Hence it can be recommended that all patients of diabetes mellitus suffering from clinically significant neuropathy, nephropathy or hypertension as a complication of diabetes should always be screened for presence of retinopathy. Further studies with larger sample size are to be conducted to further look into this association. Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, complications

scholarly journals The use of metformin in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
S. M. Tkach
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Systemic Effect ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and malignancies have several common risk factors, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, hyperinsulinemia, and chronic inflammation. Currently these factors are considered as possible mechanisms that increase the risk of the development of malignanttumors, including gastrointestinal cancer. Epidemiological studies and meta-analyses indicate that patients with diabetes have a higher incidence and mortality from malignancies. Metformin is well-known oral hypoglycemic drug that belongs to the biguanide class and is being used to treat diabetes mellitus for almost a century. It has been established that in patients with diabetes mellitus, long-term use of metformin reduces the incidence of tumors and mortality from various cancers. The results of recent studies suggest that metformin may have direct pleiotropic anticancer activity against many tumor cells and their microenvironment. Its potential mechanisms include both insulin-dependent and insulin-independent. Moreover, metformin promotes antitumor immunosuppressive metabolic control of T lymphocytes and cancer cells, it is able to modulate the intestinal microbiota and renders a systemic effect on a body metabolism. The article presents data that reveal possible mechanisms of anticancer action of metformin and justify the use of metformin as a drug that may be useful for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. Although most of the clinical trials have retrospective design, they are often limited in time and patient bias, recent data from preclinical studies on the antitumor effects of metformin suggest that its effects on carcinogenesis and gastrointestinal cancer progression need to be further investigated. Future studies should consider the diabetic status, prognostic biomarkers, disease stage, and treatment regimens. Given that metformin is a safe and widely available drug with low cost, the feasibility of further study of its anti-cancer effects is beyond doubt.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of EplerenoneVersusHydrochlorothiazide on Coronary Circulatory Function in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 2552-2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hylton V. Joffe ◽  
Raymond Y. Kwong ◽  
Marie D. Gerhard-Herman ◽  
Caitlin Rice ◽  
Kathryn Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Circulatory Function

scholarly journals SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists for nephroprotection and cardioprotection in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. A consensus statement by the EURECA-m and the DIABESITY working groups of the ERA-EDTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis Sarafidis ◽  
Charles J Ferro ◽  
Enrique Morales ◽  
Alberto Ortiz ◽  
Jolanta Malyszko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Blood Pressure Reduction ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major problem of public health. Currently, many of these patients experience progression of cardiovascular and renal disease, even when receiving optimal treatment. In previous years, several new drug classes for the treatment of type 2 DM have emerged, including inhibitors of renal sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. Apart from reducing glycaemia, these classes were reported to have other beneficial effects for the cardiovascular and renal systems, such as weight loss and blood pressure reduction. Most importantly, in contrast to all previous studies with anti-diabetic agents, a series of recent randomized, placebo-controlled outcome trials showed that SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists are able to reduce cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, as well as progression of renal disease, in patients with type 2 DM. This document presents in detail the available evidence on the cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 analogues, analyses the potential mechanisms involved in these actions and discusses their place in the treatment of patients with CKD and DM.

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