scholarly journals The mitochondrial citrate carrier: a new player in inflammation

2011 ◽  
Vol 438 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittoria Infantino ◽  
Paolo Convertini ◽  
Liana Cucci ◽  
Maria Antonietta Panaro ◽  
Maria Antonietta Di Noia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Matrix ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Citrate Carrier ◽  
First Time

The mitochondrial CIC (citrate carrier) catalyses the efflux of citrate from the mitochondrial matrix in exchange for cytosolic malate. In the present paper we show that CIC mRNA and protein markedly increase in lipopolysaccharide-activated immune cells. Moreover, CIC gene silencing and CIC activity inhibition significantly reduce production of NO, reactive oxygen species and prostaglandins. These results demonstrate for the first time that CIC has a critical role in inflammation.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species: Beyond Their Reactive Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Arnaud Tauffenberger ◽  
Pierre J. Magistretti
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Cellular Dysfunction ◽  
The Brain

AbstractCellular homeostasis plays a critical role in how an organism will develop and age. Disruption of this fragile equilibrium is often associated with health degradation and ultimately, death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been closely associated with health decline and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease. ROS were first identified as by-products of the cellular activity, mainly mitochondrial respiration, and their high reactivity is linked to a disruption of macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and DNA. More recent research suggests more complex function of ROS, reaching far beyond the cellular dysfunction. ROS are active actors in most of the signaling cascades involved in cell development, proliferation and survival, constituting important second messengers. In the brain, their impact on neurons and astrocytes has been associated with synaptic plasticity and neuron survival. This review provides an overview of ROS function in cell signaling in the context of aging and degeneration in the brain and guarding the fragile balance between health and disease.

UV-Vis Spectrophotometrical and Analytical Methodology for the Determination of Singlet Oxygen in New Antibacterials Drugs

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 117739010700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Zoltan ◽  
Franklin Vargas ◽  
Carla Izzo
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
First Time

We have determined and quantified spectrophotometrically the capacity of producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) as 1O2 during the photolysis with UV-A light of 5 new synthesized naphthyl ester derivates of well-known quinolone antibacterials (nalidixic acid (1), cinoxacin (2), norfloxacin (3), ciprofloxacin (4) and enoxacin (5)). The ability of the naphthyl ester derivatives (6-10) to generate singlet oxygen were detecting and for the first time quantified by the histidine assay, a sensitive, fast and inexpensive method. The following tendency of generation of singlet oxygen was observed: compounds 7 >10 > 6 > 8 > 9 >> parent drugs 1-5.

scholarly journals Tomato SlIDA has a critical role in tomato fertilization by modifying reactive oxygen species homeostasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 2100-2118
Author(s):  
Rong Wang ◽  
ChunLin Shi ◽  
Xiaoyang Wang ◽  
Ruizhen Li ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species

scholarly journals Effects of reactive oxygen species on renal tubular transport

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. F444-F455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustin Gonzalez-Vicente ◽  
Nancy Hong ◽  
Jeffrey L. Garvin
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Renal Tubular Transport ◽  
Regulation Of Transport ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Made In

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in regulating nephron transport both via transcellular and paracellular pathways under physiological and pathological circumstances. Here, we review the progress made in the past ~10 yr in understanding how ROS regulate solute and water transport in individual nephron segments. Our knowledge in this field is still rudimentary, with basic information lacking. This is most obvious when looking at the reported disparate effects of superoxide ([Formula: see text]) and H2O2 on proximal nephron transport, where there are no easy explanations as to how to reconcile the data. Similarly, we know almost nothing about the regulation of transport in thin descending and ascending limbs, information that is likely critical to understanding the urine concentrating mechanism. In the thick ascending limb, there is general agreement that ROS enhance transcellular reabsorption of NaCl, but we know very little about their effects on the paracellular pathway and therefore Ca2+ and Mg2+ transport. In the distal convoluted tubule, precious little is known. In the collecting duct, there is general agreement that ROS stimulate the epithelial Na+ channel.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity of Air Pollutant 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Redox Signaling

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manli Yang ◽  
Hassan Ahmed ◽  
Weidong Wu ◽  
Bijie Jiang ◽  
Zhenquan Jia
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Diesel Exhaust Particles ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects

Atmospheric pollution has been a principal topic recently in the scientific and political community due to its role and impact on human and ecological health. 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (9,10-PQ) is a quinone molecule found in air pollution abundantly in the diesel exhaust particles (DEP). This compound has studied extensively and has been shown to develop cytotoxic effects both in vitro and in vivo. 9, 10-PQ has been proposed to play a critical role in the development of cytotoxicity via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through redox cycling. This compound also reduces expression of glutathione (GSH), which is critical in Phase II detoxification reactions. Understanding the underlying cellular mechanisms involved in cytotoxicity can allow for the development of therapeutics designed to target specific molecules significantly involved in the 9,10-PQ-induced ROS toxicity. This review highlights the developments in the understanding of the cytotoxic effects of 9, 10-PQ with special emphasis on the possible mechanisms involved.

scholarly journals Inhibition of p66ShcA Longevity Gene Rescues Podocytes from HIV-1-induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 284 (24) ◽  
pp. 16648-16658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Husain ◽  
Leonard G. Meggs ◽  
Himanshu Vashistha ◽  
Sonia Simoes ◽  
Kevin O. Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Small Interfering Rna ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Redox Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Interfering Rna ◽  
Hiv 1

Glomerular visceral epithelial cells (podocytes) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy. A key question concerns the mechanism(s) by which the HIV-1 genome alters the phenotype of the highly specialized, terminally differentiated podocytes. Here, using an in vitro system of conditionally immortalized differentiated human podocytes (CIDHPs), we document a pivotal role for the p66ShcA protein in HIV-1-induced reactive oxygen species generation and CIDHP apoptosis. CIDHP transfected with truncated HIV-1 construct (NL4-3) exhibit increased reactive oxygen species metabolism, DNA strand breaks, and a 5-fold increase in apoptosis, whereas the opposite was true for NL4-3/CIDHP co-transfected with mu-36p66ShcA (mu-36) dominant negative expression vector or isoform-specific p66-small interfering RNA. Phosphorylation at Ser-36 of the wild type p66ShcA protein, required for p66ShcA redox function and inhibition of the potent stress response regulator Foxo3a, was unchanged in mu-36/NL4-3/CIDHP but increased in NL4-3/CIDHP. Acute knockdown of Foxo3a by small interfering RNA induced a 50% increase in mu-36/NL4-3/CIDHP apoptosis, indicating that Foxo3a-dependent responses promote the survival phenotype in mu-36 cells. We conclude that inhibition of p66ShcA redox activity prevents generation of HIV-1 stress signals and activation of the CIDHP apoptosis program.

The involvement of TLR2 in cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by PBMCs in response toLeishmania majorphosphoglycans (PGs)

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (10) ◽  
pp. 1193-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. KAVOOSI ◽  
S. K. ARDESTANI ◽  
A. KARIMINIA
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Cytokine Milieu ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYIn the present study, we show for the first time that lipophosphoglycan (LPG) stimulated cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is also mediated via Toll-like receptor (TLR2). In addition, in order to verify if TLR2 is involved in recognition of the purified PGs, neutralizing mAbs against TLR2 and TLR4 were used to treat the cells before being stimulated with PGs. We found strong Th1-promoting cytokines induced by sLPG but not by mLPG which was blocked by presence of anti-TLR2 mAb. This finding reveals a mechanism by which the first encounter and recognition ofL. majorpromastigotes by mLPG after interaction with TLR2 provides a cytokine milieu for consequent Th2 differentiation. Moreover, having shown the strong induction of Th1-promoting cytokines and low production of IL-10 in response to sLPG might have vaccine implication since it is recognized by TLR2 providing signals to professional antigen presenting cells that reside in the skin to promote effective T cell responses againstLeishmaniainfection. In addition, it was shown that purified mLPG and sLPG activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production which is also blocked by anti-TLR2 but not by anti-TLR4. However, no inhibition was seen in PPG-induced cytokine and ROS production in the presence of anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4, implying involvement of other receptors.

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