scholarly journals Function and regulation of phospholipid signalling in plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 421 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Wei Xue ◽  
Xu Chen ◽  
Yu Mei
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Hormone Effects ◽  
Messenger Molecule ◽  
Phospholipid Signalling

As an important metabolic pathway, phosphatidylinositol metabolism generates both constitutive and signalling molecules that are crucial for plant growth and development. Recent studies using genetic and molecular approaches reveal the important roles of phospholipid molecules and signalling in multiple processes of higher plants, including root growth, pollen and vascular development, hormone effects and cell responses to environmental stimuli plants. The present review summarizes the current progress in our understanding of the functional mechanism of phospholipid signalling, with an emphasis on the regulation of Ins(1,4,5)P3–Ca2+ oscillation, the second messenger molecule phosphatidic acid and the cytoskeleton.

scholarly journals From little things big things grow: karrikins and new directions in plant development

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Plant Biology ◽  
Shoot Branching ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
New Directions

Karrikins are a family of compounds generated via the incomplete combustion of plant matter. Since their discovery as seed germination stimulants in 2004, a great deal has been learned about the chemistry and the biological mode of action of karrikins. Much interest and progress have stemmed from the structural similarity of karrikins to that of strigolactones – the shoot branching hormone. This review will provide a historical account of some of the more significant discoveries in this area of plant biology. It will discuss how the study of these abiotic signalling molecules, combined with advances in our understanding of strigolactones, has led us towards the discovery of new mechanisms that regulate plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Research Progress of PPR Proteins in RNA Editing, Stress Response, Plant Growth and Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengfei Qin ◽  
Pei Zhao ◽  
Jialiang Sun ◽  
Yuping Zhao ◽  
Yaxin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rna Editing ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pentatricopeptide Repeat ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Ppr Proteins

RNA editing is a posttranscriptional phenomenon that includes gene processing and modification at specific nucleotide sites. RNA editing mainly occurs in the genomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts in higher plants. In recent years, pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, which may act as trans-acting factors of RNA editing have been identified, and the study of PPR proteins has become a research focus in molecular biology. The molecular functions of these proteins and their physiological roles throughout plant growth and development are widely studied. In this minireview, we summarize the current knowledge of the PPR family, hoping to provide some theoretical reference for future research and applications.

Some recent advances in studies of silicon in higher plants

1984 ◽  
Vol 304 (1121) ◽  
pp. 537-549 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complete Exclusion ◽  
Root Endodermis

In comparison with elements commonly associated with the nutrition of higher plants, silicon has received relatively little attention. Recently developed techniques have, however, demonstrated its occurrence in a wide range of tissues and species. Grasses are heavy accumulators, but considerable variation occurs between and within species. The factors involved in uptake, translocation and deposition in different species are not fully understood. Deposition has been investigated in the roots of a number of species. Active or passive uptake or almost complete exclusion has been observed. While deposits most frequently occur in cell wall layers or in cell lumina of the root endodermis, the major influx remains in a soluble form and is translocated to the shoot. Deposition is heavy in grass and cereal inflorescence bracts. Silica has also been detected in the epicarp hairs of cereal grains, and evidence is presented regarding the time course of its accumulation in these hairs. It is suggested that such deposition cannot be entirely attributed to a passive transpiration mediated mechanism. The significance of these deposits is discussed in relation to plant growth and development, and to wider aspects associated with human health.

scholarly journals Exogenous salicylic acid treatments enhance tolerance to salinity of wheat (Triticum aestivum) plantlets

2010 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Cornelia Purcǎrea ◽  
Dorina Cachită ◽  
Adriana Petrus ◽  
Liviu Pop ◽  
Adriana Chis
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Exogenous Treatment ◽  
Exogenous Salicylic Acid ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

Salt stress, an abiotic stress, determines modifications of some biochemical indicators, like, antioxidant enzymes, proline (amino acidaccumulate in higher plants under salinity stress) content, and some physiological processes including: plant growth and development. Inthis paper we studied the influence of exogenous treatment of wheat seeds, with 0.1 mM salicylic acid (SA) solution, in the plant response tosalt stress. The treatment was applied by presoaking the seeds in the treatment solution for 12 hours before germination. The results showedthat exogenous 0.1 mM SA solution, administrated to the wheat cariopses significantly ameliorated the negative effect of salt stress in firstweek of germination in laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals An Exon Skipping in CRS1 Is Associated with Perturbed Chloroplast Development in Maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10668
Author(s):  
Mao Wang ◽  
Kaiwen Li ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Lingyu Mi ◽  
Zhubing Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Exon Skipping ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Phenotype Analysis ◽  
Morphological Defects

Chloroplasts of higher plants are semi-autonomous organelles that perform photosynthesis and produce hormones and metabolites. They play crucial roles in plant growth and development. Although many seedling-lethal nuclear genes or regulators required for chloroplast development have been characterized, the understanding of chloroplast development is still limited. Using a genetic screen, we isolated a mutant named ell1, with etiolated leaves and a seedling-lethal phenotype. Analysis by BN-PAGE and transmission electron microscopy revealed drastic morphological defects of chloroplasts in ell1 mutants. Genetic mapping of the mutant gene revealed a single mutation (G-to-A) at the 5′ splice site of intron 5 in CRS1, resulting in an exon skipping in CRS1, indicating that this mutation in CRS1 is responsible for the observed phenotype, which was further confirmed by genetic analysis. The incorrectly spliced CRS1 failed to mediate the splicing of atpF intron. Moreover, the quantitative analysis suggested that ZmCRS1 may participate in chloroplast transcription to regulate the development of chloroplast. Taken together, these findings improve our understanding of the ZmCRS1 protein and shed new light on the regulation of chloroplast development in maize.

Plant extracellular matrix metalloproteinases

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry S. Flinn
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
And Function

The plant extracellular matrix (ECM) includes a variety of proteins with critical roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and responses to pests and pathogens. Several studies have shown that various ECM proteins undergo proteolytic modification. In mammals, the extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known modifiers of the ECM, implicated in tissue architecture changes and the release of biologically active and/or signalling molecules. Although plant MMPs have been identified, little is known about their activity and function. Plant MMPs show structural similarity to mammalian MMPs, including the presence of an auto-regulatory cysteine switch domain and a zinc-binding catalytic domain. Plant MMPs are differentially expressed in cells and tissues during plant growth and development, as well as in response to several biotic and abiotic stresses. The few gene expression and mutant analyses to date indicate their involvement in plant growth, morphogenesis, senescence and adaptation and response to stress. In order to gain a further understanding of their function, an analysis and characterisation of MMP proteins, their activity and their substrates during plant growth and development are still required. This review describes plant MMP work to date, as well as the variety of genomic and proteomic methodologies available to characterise plant MMP activity, function and potential substrates.

Mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis and response in plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Ethylene Signalling

Ethylene is the simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon, yet it has profound effects on plant growth and development, including many agriculturally important phenomena. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signalling have resulted in the elucidation of multistep mechanisms which at first glance appear simple, but in fact represent several levels of control to tightly regulate the level of production and response. Ethylene biosynthesis represents a two-step process that is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, thus enabling plants to control the amount of ethylene produced with regard to promotion of responses such as climacteric flower senescence and fruit ripening. Ethylene production subsequently results in activation of the ethylene response, as ethylene accumulation will trigger the ethylene signalling pathway to activate ethylene-dependent transcription for promotion of the response and for resetting the pathway. A more detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis and the ethylene response will ultimately enable new approaches to be developed for control of the initiation and progression of ethylene-dependent developmental processes, many of which are of horticultural significance.

Plant hormones, plant growth regulators

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (26) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Végvári ◽  
Edina Vidéki
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Scale Integration ◽  
And Function

Plants seem to be rather defenceless, they are unable to do motion, have no nervous system or immune system unlike animals. Besides this, plants do have hormones, though these substances are produced not in glands. In view of their complexity they lagged behind animals, however, plant organisms show large scale integration in their structure and function. In higher plants, such as in animals, the intercellular communication is fulfilled through chemical messengers. These specific compounds in plants are called phytohormones, or in a wide sense, bioregulators. Even a small quantity of these endogenous organic compounds are able to regulate the operation, growth and development of higher plants, and keep the connection between cells, tissues and synergy beween organs. Since they do not have nervous and immume systems, phytohormones play essential role in plants’ life. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(26), 1011–1018.

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