scholarly journals First evidence of the pore-forming properties of a keratin from skin mucus of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, formerly Salmo gairdneri)

2008 ◽  
Vol 411 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Molle ◽  
Sylvie Campagna ◽  
Yannick Bessin ◽  
Nathalie Ebran ◽  
Nathalie Saint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The epidermis of fish is covered with a layer of mucus, which contributes to the defence of the species against parasites, bacteria and fungi. We have previously extracted glycoproteins from various mucus samples from fish and have shown that they present pore-forming activities well correlated with strong antibacterial properties [Ebran, Julien, Orange, Saglio, Lemaitre and Molle (2000) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1467, 271–280]. The present study focuses on the 65 kDa glycoprotein, Tr65, from the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, formerly Salmo gairdneri). Enzymatic digestion of Tr65 yielded a fragment pattern with strong homology with that of trout type II cytokeratin. Sequence analysis of the cDNA clone obtained by PCR confirmed this homology. We thus constructed a plasmid to overproduce the recombinant Tr65. We extracted and purified this recombinant Tr65, using it for multichannel and single-channel experiments in azolectin bilayers. Our results with recombinant Tr65 confirmed the pore-forming properties already shown with native antibacterial Tr65. These findings offer new insights into the function of keratin proteins present in various mucosal surfaces of animals and human beings.

A maxi Cl(−) channel in cultured pavement cells from the gills of the freshwater rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (10) ◽  
pp. 1783-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. O'Donnell ◽  
S.P. Kelly ◽  
C.A. Nurse ◽  
C.M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Channel Activity ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Pavement Cells ◽  
Cl Channel ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Inside Out

Primary cultures of pavement cells from the gills of a freshwater fish, the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, have been studied for the first time using the patch-clamp technique. Gigaohm seals were obtained in approximately 95 % of cells studied, and channel activity was evident in a high proportion (>90 %). A large-conductance Cl(−) channel was evident in 6 % of cell-attached and in 31 % of inside-out patches. Single-channel conductance in inside-out patches was 372 pS, and current/voltage relationships were linear over the range −60 to +60 mV. The channel was activated by patch excision, and activation was often associated with polarization of the patch. The mean number of channels per patch was 1.9, and there were several subconductance states. The relationship between channel activity (NP(o)) and voltage was in the form of an inverted U, and channel activity was highest between 0 and +20 mV. Large-conductance Cl(−) channels showed a progressive time-dependent reduction in current in response to sustained polarization to voltages outside the range −20 mV to +20 mV. Permeability ratios (P) of Cl(−) to other anions were P(HCO3)/P(Cl)=0.81, P(SO4)/P(Cl)=0.31 and P(isethionate)/P(Cl)=0.53. The channel was blocked by Zn(2+), SITS, DIDS and diphenylamine carboxylate. This is the first description of a large-conductance Cl(−) channel in gill cells from freshwater or marine species. Possible functions of the channel are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of the Ionic and Nanoparticle Forms of Cu and Ag on These Metals’ Bioaccumulation in the Eggs and Fry of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6392
Author(s):  
Monika Kowalska-Góralska ◽  
Magdalena Senze ◽  
Joanna Łuczyńska ◽  
Katarzyna Czyż
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Fish Eggs ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field of science, and an increasing number of nanoproducts, including nanometals, can be found on the market. Various nanometals and the products that are manufactured based on them can help to fight bacteria and fungi, but they can also penetrate organisms and accumulate in them. This study aimed to compare the effects of two metals, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu), with known antibacterial and fungicidal properties in their ionic (AgNO3, CuSO4·5H2O) and nanoparticle (AgNPs, CuNPs) forms on rainbow trout eggs and fry. Concentrations of metals ranging from 0 to 16 mg/L were used during egg swelling for 2 h. The swelling of eggs in Cu solutions resulted in an increase in Cu content in the eggs (just like in the case of Ag); however, the changes in fry were not significant in the case of both Ag and Cu. The concentrations of these metals in eggs was greatly affected by the applied form of Ag and Cu. Because CuNPs penetrated the embryo in fish eggs at lower concentrations compared to AgNPs, it would be worth considering them for antibacterial applications during egg incubation.

Histopathological changes in the olfactory organ of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) induced by early chronic exposure to a sublethal copper concentration

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2239-2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Saucier ◽  
L. Astic ◽  
P. Rioux ◽  
F. Godinot
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Olfactory Organ ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Copper Exposure ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Epithelial Lesions

Sequential histopathological changes related to a long-term sublethal copper exposure were investigated in the olfactory organ of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (formerly Salmo gairdneri Richardson, 1836). Fish were continuously exposed to an average copper level of 22 μg/L from the 14th day after fertilization (embryo group) or from hatching (alevin group) for a period of 41 and 37 weeks, respectively. A control group was reared in well water. Specimens of the exposed and the control groups were sacrificed every month for histological examination by light microscopy. Morphological alterations were identical in both embryo and alevin groups and appeared at the same posthatching periods. The first change, noted from the 8th week posthatch, was an increase in goblet cells. Epithelial lesions, which looked like patches of necrotic tissue randomly distributed in the olfactory sheet, were reported from the 28th week posthatch. From the 32nd week, cellular shrinkage related to degeneration and necrosis of individual cells led to a pattern of loose epithelium in many olfactory areas. These sequential histopathological changes suggest an initial increased mucus production which, however, does not appear effective enough to ensure long-term protection of the olfactory rosette. Stopping the copper exposure led to some morphological restoration. Ten weeks after copper removal, a few epithelial lesions and shrinkage were still noted. The delay between morphological and functional recoveries supports the concept of an anatomical redundancy of the epithelium-to-bulb connections.

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