scholarly journals Identification and localization of soluble sulfotransferases in the human gastrointestinal tract

2007 ◽  
Vol 404 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wera Teubner ◽  
Walter Meinl ◽  
Simone Florian ◽  
Michael Kretzschmar ◽  
Hansruedi Glatt
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Reactive Metabolites ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Messenger Molecules ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Presystemic Elimination

Soluble SULTs (sulfotransferases) are important in the regulation of messenger molecules and the elimination of xenobiotics. However, sulfo-conjugation of various substrates can also lead to the formation of reactive metabolites that may induce cancer and cause other damage. The aim of the present study was to identify the SULT forms expressed in the human gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon and rectum (common sites for cancer), and to determine their cellular localization. Normal colonic or rectal tissue, resected with tumours, was obtained from 39 subjects. For comparison, we additionally studied one to four samples from stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum and liver. SULTs were detected by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and measurement of enzyme activities. SULT1A1, 1A3 and 1B1 were found in all parts of the gastrointestinal tract, often exceeding levels in liver (where these forms were present at high, undetectable and low levels respectively). They were predominantly localized in differentiated enterocytes. SULT1E1 and 2A1 were only detected in liver, jejunum, ileum and cecum. SULT1C1 was readily found in stomach, but was negligible elsewhere. SULT1A2 was present at low levels in individual samples. The remaining forms were not detected with the limitation that only high levels could be recognized with the antisera used. In conclusion, SULTs are abundant in the gastrointestinal tract of man. We suspect that they are involved in the presystemic elimination of bioactive food-borne components, including aglycones released by gut microbiota, as well as the bioactivation of some procarcinogens.

17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 expression and enzyme activity in the human gastrointestinal tract

2001 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikazu SANO ◽  
Gen HIRASAWA ◽  
Junji TAKEYAMA ◽  
Andrew D. DARNEL ◽  
Takashi SUZUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Enzyme Assay ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Tissue Specimens

The 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17βHSDs) play an important role in the regulation of intracellular levels of biologically active sex steroid hormones in various human tissues. To date, eight distinctive 17βHSD enzymes have been cloned and characterized in humans. Among these isoenzymes, 17βHSD type 2 (17βHSD2) catalyses the conversion of testosterone into androstenedione and/or oestradiol into oestrone in various tissues, and it has thus been suggested to be involved in the biological inactivation of these sex steroids. The human gastrointestinal tract and liver are considered as the principle sites of inactivation and metabolism of various forms of orally administered sex steroids. We therefore examined 17βHSD2 expression and activity in human adult non-pathological gastrointestinal tract in order to clarify further the biological significance of this enzyme. A total of 80 specimens (40 from males and 40 from females) of normal oesophageal, stomach, duodenal, ileal, colonic and rectal tissues were examined for immunohistochemistry. Altogether, 17 tissue specimens were used for enzyme assay, and eight for RNA analysis. 17βHSD2 activity was detected in the stomach, duodenum, ileum, colon and rectum. 17βHSD2 mRNA was most abundant in the small intestine. 17βHSD2 immunoreactivity was localized almost exclusively to the absorptive epithelium, which may be involved in the inactivation of excessive endogenous and exogenous active sex steroids. Results from the present study thus suggest that the human gastrointestinal tract is an important sex steroid metabolizing organ in humans.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota as important modulator of metabolism in health and disease

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (74) ◽  
pp. 42380-42389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-qian Wang ◽  
Ai-hua Zhang ◽  
Jian-hua Miao ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Guang-li Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Health And Disease

The human gastrointestinal tract colonizes a large number of microbial microflora to participate in various metabolic processes in the human body, and plays a major role in the host immune response.

scholarly journals Modulation of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli Survival and Virulence in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégory Jubelin ◽  
Mickaël Desvaux ◽  
Stephanie Schüller ◽  
Lucie Etienne-Mesmin ◽  
Maite Muniesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia Coli

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a major foodborne pathogen responsible for human diseases ranging from diarrhoea to life-threatening complications. Survival of the pathogen and modulation of virulence gene expression along the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are key features in bacterial pathogenesis, but remain poorly described, due to a paucity of relevant model systems. This review will provide an overview of the in vitro and in vivo studies investigating the effect of abiotic (e.g., gastric acid, bile, low oxygen concentration or fluid shear) and biotic (e.g., gut microbiota, short chain fatty acids or host hormones) parameters of the human gut on EHEC survival and/or virulence (especially in relation with motility, adhesion and toxin production). Despite their relevance, these studies display important limitations considering the complexity of the human digestive environment. These include the evaluation of only one single digestive parameter at a time, lack of dynamic flux and compartmentalization, and the absence of a complex human gut microbiota. In a last part of the review, we will discuss how dynamic multi-compartmental in vitro models of the human gut represent a novel platform for elucidating spatial and temporal modulation of EHEC survival and virulence along the GIT, and provide new insights into EHEC pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Dynamic In Vitro Models of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract as Relevant Tools to Assess the Survival of Probiotic Strains and Their Interactions with Gut Microbiota

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Cordonnier ◽  
Jonathan Thévenot ◽  
Lucie Etienne-Mesmin ◽  
Sylvain Denis ◽  
Monique Alric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Probiotic Strains

The Design of a Hydraulic Suction Tube for Peroral Biopsy of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne E. Quinton ◽  
Arnold L. Flick ◽  
Cyrus E. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Suction Tube
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