scholarly journals Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) synthetase activity in nuclei of dividing and of non-dividing but differentiating intestinal epithelial cells

1979 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
J W Porteous ◽  
H M Furneaux ◽  
C K Pearson ◽  
C M Lake ◽  
A Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Crypt Cell ◽  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Cell Nuclei

Poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activity is found in nuclei of regenerating epithelial cells in the lower half of the crypts of guinea-pig small intestine. Nuclei from non-dividing but differentiating and maturing cells in the upper crypts and on the villi contain no more than about 10% of the synthetase activity of lower-crypt cell nuclei. The product in the active nuclei is shown to be 80% poly(ADP-ribosylated) protein and 20% mono(ADP-ribosylated) protein; 60% of thetotal labelled product was attached to acid-soluble proteins (including histones), and 40% to acid-insoluble (non-histone) proteins. The average number of ADP-ribosyl units in the oligomeric chains of the poly(ADP-ribosylated) proteins was 15 but the range of sizes of (ADP-ribose) oligomers attached to nuclear proteins was smaller in villus than in crypt cell nuclei.

Effect of leptin on intestinal apolipoprotein AIV in response to lipid feeding

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. R753-R759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Doi ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Randy J. Seeley ◽  
Stephen C. Woods ◽  
Patrick Tso
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Lipid Infusion ◽  
Intraduodenal Infusion ◽  
Crypt Cells

We determined apolipoprotein AIV (apo AIV) content in intestinal epithelial cells using immunohistochemistry when leptin was administered intravenously. Most of the apo AIV immunoreactivity in the untreated intestine was located in the villous cells as opposed to the crypt cells. Regional distribution of apo AIV immunostaining revealed low apo AIV content in the duodenum and high content in the jejunum that gradually decreases caudally toward the ileum. Intraduodenal infusion of lipid (4 h) significantly increased apo AIV immunoreactivity in the jejunum and ileum. Simultaneous intravenous leptin infusion plus duodenal lipid infusion markedly suppressed apo AIV immunoreactivity. Duodenal lipid infusion increased plasma apo AIV significantly (measured by ELISA), whereas simultaneous leptin infusion attenuated the increase. These findings suggest that leptin may regulate circulating apo AIV by suppressing apo AIV synthesis in the small intestine.

scholarly journals Intectin, a Novel Small Intestine-specific Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Protein, Accelerates Apoptosis of Intestinal Epithelial Cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 279 (41) ◽  
pp. 42867-42874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidefumi Kitazawa ◽  
Tamao Nishihara ◽  
Tadahiro Nambu ◽  
Hitoshi Nishizawa ◽  
Masanori Iwaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial

scholarly journals Role of Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Immune Effects Mediated by Gram-Positive Probiotic Bacteria: Involvement of Toll-Like Receptors

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1075-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Vinderola ◽  
Chantal Matar ◽  
Gabriela Perdigon
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Toll Like Receptors

ABSTRACT The mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria exert their effects on the immune system are not completely understood, but the epithelium may be a crucial player in the orchestration of the effects induced. In a previous work, we observed that some orally administered strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increased the number of immunoglobulin A (IgA)-producing cells in the small intestine without a concomitant increase in the CD4+ T-cell population, indicating that some LAB strains induce clonal expansion only of B cells triggered to produce IgA. The present work aimed to study the cytokines induced by the interaction of probiotic LAB with murine intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) in healthy animals. We focused our investigation mainly on the secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6) necessary for the clonal expansion of B cells previously observed with probiotic bacteria. The role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in such interaction was also addressed. The cytokines released by primary cultures of IEC in animals fed with Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 or Lactobacillus helveticus R389 were determined. Cytokines were also determined in the supernatants of primary cultures of IEC of unfed animals challenged with different concentrations of viable or nonviable lactobacilli and Escherichia coli, previously blocked or not with anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4. We concluded that the small intestine is the place where a major distinction would occur between probiotic LAB and pathogens. This distinction comprises the type of cytokines released and the magnitude of the response, cutting across the line that separates IL-6 necessary for B-cell differentiation, which was the case with probiotic lactobacilli, from inflammatory levels of IL-6 for pathogens.

Suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 limits intestinal growth and enterotrophic actions of IGF-I in vivo

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (3) ◽  
pp. G472-G481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Z. Michaylira ◽  
James G. Simmons ◽  
Nicole M. Ramocki ◽  
Brooks P. Scull ◽  
Kirk K. McNaughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Intestinal Growth ◽  
Igf I

Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) typically limit cytokine receptor signaling via the JAK-STAT pathway. Considerable evidence demonstrates that SOCS2 limits growth hormone (GH) action on body and organ growth. Biochemical evidence that SOCS2 binds to the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) supports the novel possibility that SOCS2 limits IGF-I action. The current study tested the hypothesis that SOCS2 normally limits basal or IGF-I-induced intestinal growth and limits IGF-IR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. Intestinal growth was assessed in mice homozygous for SOCS2 gene deletion (SOCS2 null) and wild-type (WT) littermates at different ages and in response to infused IGF-I or vehicle or EGF and vehicle. The effects of SOCS2 on IGF-IR signaling were examined in ex vivo cultures of SOCS2 null and WT intestine and Caco-2 cells. Compared with WT, SOCS2 null mice showed significantly enhanced small intestine and colon growth, mucosal mass, and crypt cell proliferation and decreases in radiation-induced crypt apoptosis in jejunum. SOCS2 null mice showed significantly greater growth responses to IGF-I in small intestine and colon. IGF-I-stimulated activation of IGF-IR and downstream signaling intermediates were enhanced in the intestine of SOCS2 null mice and were decreased by SOCS2 overexpression in Caco-2 cells. SOCS2 bound directly to the endogenous IGF-IR in Caco-2 cells. The intestine of SOCS2 null mice also showed enhanced growth responses to infused EGF. We conclude that SOCS2 normally limits basal and IGF-I- and EGF-induced intestinal growth in vivo and has novel inhibitory effects on the IGF-IR tyrosine kinase pathway in intestinal epithelial cells.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical localization of ornithine transcarbamylase in rat intestinal mucosa. Light and electron microscopic study.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Hamano ◽  
H Kodama ◽  
M Yanagisawa ◽  
Y Haraguchi ◽  
M Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Small Intestinal

We investigated light and electron microscopic localization of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) in rat intestinal mucosa. In the immunoblotting assay of OTC-related protein, a single protein band with a molecular weight of about 36,500 is observed in extracts of liver and small intestinal mucosa but is not observed in those of stomach and large intestine. For light microscopy, tissue slices of the digestive system were embedded in Epon and stained by using anti-bovine OTC rabbit IgG and the immunoenzyme technique. For electron microscopy, slices of these and the liver tissues were embedded in Lowicryl K4M and stained by the protein A-gold technique. By light microscopy, the absorptive epithelial cells of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum stained positively for OTC, but stomach, large intestine, rectum, and propria mucosa of small intestine were not stained. Electron microscopy showed that gold particles representing the antigenic sites for OTC were confined to the mitochondrial matrix of hepatocytes and small intestinal epithelial cells. However, the enzyme was detected in mitochondria of neither liver endothelial cells, submucosal cells of small intestine, nor large intestinal epithelial cells. Labeling density of mitochondria in the absorptive epithelial cells of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was about half of that in liver cells.

Proteomic analysis of nuclear proteins from proliferative and differentiated human colonic intestinal epithelial cells

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Turck ◽  
Sophie Richert ◽  
Patrick Gendry ◽  
Jeanne Stutzmann ◽  
Michèle Kedinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial

Laminin isoforms: biological roles and effects on the intracellular distribution of nuclear proteins in intestinal epithelial cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 303 (2) ◽  
pp. 494-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Turck ◽  
Isabelle Gross ◽  
Patrick Gendry ◽  
Jeanne Stutzmann ◽  
Jean-Noël Freund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intracellular Distribution ◽  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial

Functional involvement of RFVT3/SLC52A3 in intestinal riboflavin absorption

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (2) ◽  
pp. G102-G110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Yoshimatsu ◽  
Atsushi Yonezawa ◽  
Yoshiaki Yao ◽  
Kumiko Sugano ◽  
Shunsaku Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
T84 Cells ◽  
Functional Involvement ◽  
Apical Membranes

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is transported across the biological membrane into various organs by transport systems. Riboflavin transporter RFVT3 is expressed in the small intestine and has been suggested to localize in the apical membranes of the intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated the functional involvement of RFVT3 in riboflavin absorption using intestinal epithelial T84 cells and mouse small intestine. T84 cells expressed RFVT3 and conserved unidirectional riboflavin transport corresponding to intestinal absorption. Apical [3H]riboflavin uptake was pH-dependent in T84 cells. This uptake was not affected by Na+ depletion at apical pH 6.0, although it was significantly decreased at apical pH 7.4. The [3H]riboflavin uptake from the apical side of T84 cells was prominently inhibited by the RFVT3 selective inhibitor methylene blue and significantly decreased by transfection of RFVT3-small-interfering RNA. In the gastrointestinal tract, RFVT3 was expressed in the jejunum and ileum. Mouse jejunal and ileal permeabilities of [3H]riboflavin were measured by the in situ closed-loop method and were significantly reduced by methylene blue. These results strongly suggest that RFVT3 would functionally be involved in riboflavin absorption in the apical membranes of intestinal epithelial cells.

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