scholarly journals Subcellular distribution of glycosidases in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes

1978 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
R F Rest ◽  
M H Cooney ◽  
J K Spitznagel
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Distribution ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Density Gradients ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Mitochondrial Fractions ◽  
Specific Granules ◽  
Azurophil Granule ◽  
Alpha Galactosidase ◽  
Beta Glucosidase ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

The subcellular distribution of nine glycosidases were studied in fractions of homogenized human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (neutrophils) obtained by isopycnic centrifugation through linear sucrose density gradients. The substrates were 4-methylumbelliferyl glycosides. All nine glycosides were hydrolysed by enzymes in neutrophil cytosol fractions, and by enzymes in at least one granule population. alpha-Glucosidase activity sedimented in sucrose density gradients to a point (p = 1.180 g/ml) just above the specific granules, possibly the ‘tertiary’ granule population. The peak corresponding to alpha-glucosidase did not co-sediment with, but considerably overlapped, the peak corresponding to lactoferrin, a marker for specific granules (p = 1.187 g/ml). alpha-Galactosidase activity was found primarily in heavy azurophil granules (p = 1.222 g/ml). alpha-Mannosidase activity was found primarily in light azurophil granules (p = 1.206 g/ml), following the distribution of myeloperoxidase, the commonly used azurophil granule marker. beta-Glucosidase activity was concentrated in mitochondrial fractions (p = 1.160 g/ml). All other glycosidases presented complex distributions, with activities not restricted to one granule class. Granule-associated glycosidase activities were increased 2–38 times when measured in the presence of 0.05% Triton X-100, indicating latency of the enzymes within granules.

scholarly journals Functional lysosomal hydrolase size as determined by radiation inactivation analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Dawson ◽  
J C Ellory
Keyword(s):  
Target Size ◽  
Lysosomal Hydrolase ◽  
Lysosomal Hydrolases ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Arylsulphatase A ◽  
Alpha Galactosidase ◽  
Beta Glucosidase ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

Electron inactivation analysis with 16 MeV electrons was used to determine the functional target size of a number of commonly studied lysosomal hydrolases. Observed values ranged from a low of 62 000 +/- 4000 Da for beta-galactosidase to a high of 200 000 +/- 17 500 Da (mouse beta-glucuronidase). One group of lysosomal hydrolases (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-mannosidase, beta-glucosidase, arylsulphatase A and sphingomyelinase) had target sizes in the range 100 000-120 000 Da, whereas alpha-glucosidase and alpha-fucosidase exist as complex multimers in the 150 000-160 000 Da range. Analysis of freeze-dried cell material showed little evidence of species (mouse versus human) variation in the functional size of most lysosomal hydrolases with the exception of beta-glucuronidase. Our findings suggest the potential usefulness of lysosomal hydrolases as endogenous marker enzymes in studies where the target size of proteins of unknown molecular mass is to be determined.

scholarly journals  α-Glucosidase and β-glucosidase from psychrotrophic strain arthrobacter sp. C2-2

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Benešová ◽  
M. Marková ◽  
B. Králová
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate Precipitation ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Alpha Galactosidase ◽  
Beta Glucosidase ◽  
Psychrotrophic Strain ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

In this work six psychophilic and psychrotrophic bacterial strains were screened for the presence of different glycosidase activities (&alpha;-galactosidase, &alpha;-glucosidase, &beta;-glucosidase, &alpha;-mannosidase and &beta;-glucuronidase). Nine enzymes were found and their elementary characteristics were measured (t<sub>optimum</sub>, pH<sub>optimum</sub>, K<sub>m</sub>, V<sub>lim</sub>).Two enzymes with the highest activities at low temperatures were chosen for the next study, i.e. &alpha;-glucosidase and &beta;-glucosidase from the psychrotrophic strain Arthrobacter sp. C2-2. These enzymes were purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, by chromatography with hydrophobic interaction, and by ion-exchange chromatography. Their molecular weights (&alpha;-glucosidase &ndash; 76 kDa, &beta;-glucosidase &ndash; 93 kDa) were determined by gel chromatography. In addition to this, it was verified that both of these enzymes are able to catalyse the transglycosylation reaction with the saccharidic donor and acceptor.

scholarly journals Soil hydrolase activities and kinetic properties as affected by wheat cropping systems of Northeastern China

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.L. Zhang ◽  
L.J. Chen ◽  
C.X. Sun ◽  
Z.J. Wu ◽  
Z.H. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Alpha Galactosidase ◽  
Beta Glucosidase ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase ◽  
Beta Galactosidase ◽  
Sequential Cropping

Agricultural practices that reduce soil degradation and improve agriculture sustainability are important particularly for dry hilly land of Chaoyang County in the Liaoning Province, North-east China, where cinnamon soils are widely distributed and mainly for wheat production. The impacts of 10-year cropping systems (wheat-cabbage sequential cropping, wheat-corn intercrop, wheat-sunflower rotation, wheat-soybean rotation) on soil enzyme properties of surface-soil (0&ndash;20 cm) were studied. Total carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, and nine soil hydrolases related to nutrient availabilities (&beta;-galactosidase, &alpha;-galactosidase, &beta;-glucosidase, &alpha;-glucosidase, urease, protease, phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, arylsulphatase) and five enzymes kinetic characters were examined. Wheat-corn intercrop systems had higher total C, total N, total P and total S concentrations than wheat-soybean and wheat-sunflower rotation systems. Most test enzyme activities (&alpha;-galactosidase, &beta;-galactosidase, &alpha;-glucosidase, &beta;-glucosidase, urease, protease, phosphomonoesterase and arylsulphatase) showed the highest activities under wheat-corn intercropping system. Urease, protease and phosphodiesterase activities of wheat-cabbage sequential cropping system were significantly higher than two rotation systems. The maximum reaction rates of enzymes (V<sub>max</sub>) were higher than apparent enzyme activity, which suggests larger potential activity of enzymes, while not all kinetic parameters were adaptive as soil quality indicators in dry hilly cinnamon soil.

scholarly journals Acid hydrolases in leukocytes and platelets of normal subjects and in patients with Gaucher's and Fabry's disease.

1976 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Beutler ◽  
W Kuhl ◽  
F Matsumoto ◽  
G Pangalis
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Acid Hydrolases ◽  
Gaucher's Disease ◽  
Gaucher’S Disease ◽  
Fabry’S Disease ◽  
Fabry's Disease ◽  
Alpha Galactosidase ◽  
Beta Glucosidase ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes and platelets were each separated to greater than 95% purity from six normal subjects, three patients with Gaucher's disease, two heterozygotes for Gaucher's disease, and one patient with Fabry's disease. Activities of the following acid hydrolases were determined: "acid" (pH 4.0) beta-glucosidase, pH 5.0 beta-glucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, alpha-arabinosidase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-hexosaminidase, and acid phosphatase. Enzymatic activity varied greatly with cell type and the enzyme being measured; the importance of assaying pure preparations especially for heterozygote detection is emphasized. Gaucher's disease patients' cells were found to be deficient in the pH 4.0 acid beta-glucosidase, variable in the pH 5.0 beta-glucosidase, and normal in all other acid hydrolases tested, including acid phosphatase, the activity of which is known to be elevated in plasma. Blood cells of a patient with Fabry's disease were deficient in alpha-galactosidase and normal in all other acid hydrolases tested.

Alpha‐glucosidase activity in the rat epididymis under different physiological conditions

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. KALLA ◽  
S. KAUR ◽  
N. UJWAL ◽  
U. MEHTA ◽  
H. JOOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Rat Epididymis ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

scholarly journals Thrombospondin receptor expression in human neutrophils coincides with the release of a subpopulation of specific granules

1992 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Suchard ◽  
M J Burton ◽  
S J Stoehr
Keyword(s):  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Anion Channel ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocyte ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Specific Granules ◽  
Azurophil Granule ◽  
Disulphonic Acid

The extracellular matrix (ECM) protein thrombospondin (TSP) binds specifically to polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) surface receptors and promotes cell adhesion and motility. TSP receptor expression increases 30-fold after activation with the synthetic chemotactic peptide, N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP) or the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, in combination with cytochalasin B. The expression of TSP receptors was correlated with the exocytosis of both specific and azurophil granules. Newly expressed TSP receptors are not derived from easily mobilized specific granules since agents that trigger some specific granule release [phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), FMLP or ionophore A23187 alone] do not increase TSP receptor expression. In this study we used the anion-channel blocker, 4,4′-di-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulphonic acid (DIDS) to investigate the source of these newly expressed receptors. When PMNs were exposed to cytochalasin B and FMLP or to cytochalasin B and ionophore A23187 in the presence of 30-100 microM-DIDS, TSP receptor expression increased coincidently with vitamin B12-binding protein release from specific granules. Under these same conditions, the release of the azurophil granule component, myeloperoxidase, was significantly inhibited. Using agonists that cause release of specific granules, or both specific granules and azurophil granules, we determined that DIDS blocked the release of PMA-mobilized specific granules and cytochalasin B plus FMLP- or cytochalasin B plus ionophore A23187-mobilized myeloperoxidase-containing azurophil granules but not specific granules mobilized by cytochalasin B plus FMLP or cytochalasin B plus ionophore A23187. These results suggested that PMNs contain at least two subpopulations of specific granules: one that is easily mobilized, lacks TSP receptors and is inhibitable by DIDS, and one that is difficult to mobilize, contains a large pool of TSP receptors and the release of which is enhanced in the presence of DIDS.

scholarly journals IN VITRO EFFECT OF TERPENOIDS - RICH EXTRACT OF Momordica charantia ON ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE ACTIVITY

Revista Vitae ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Sallau ◽  
◽  
R. N. Yakubu ◽  
S. M. Aliyu ◽  
A. Salihu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document