scholarly journals Proteins from sciatic-nerve myelin in quaking and jimpy mice

1978 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. 989-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Matthieu
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Myelin Proteins ◽  
Myelin Protein ◽  
Sciatic Nerves ◽  
Jimpy Mice ◽  
Quaking Mice

Myelin from two neurological mutants in mice was isolated from sciatic nerves and its protein composition analysed. In Quaking mice, two intrinsic myelin proteins P1 and P2 were drastically decreased, whereas the major myelin protein P0 was unaffected. A normal protein composition was found in sciatic myelin from Jimpy mice.

Arsenic-induced toxicity: effect on protein composition in sciatic nerve

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 667-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vahidnia ◽  
F Romijn ◽  
M Tiller ◽  
G B van der Voet ◽  
F A de Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Arsenic Compounds ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Sciatic Nerves ◽  
L Proteins

Exposure to arsenic compounds may lead to skin and lung cancer and various disorders such as vascular disease and peripheral neuropathy in humans. Peripheral arsenic neurotoxicity has been demonstrated clinically and in electrophysiological studies. Patients intoxicated with arsenic show neurological symptoms in their feet and hands. These patients show significantly lower nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) in their peripheral nerves in comparison with controls. The mechanism of arsenic peripheral nervous system (PNS) toxicity, however, has never been described before. This is the first study to investigate the toxicity of arsenic on the PNS. Male Wistar rats were exposed to arsenite given as a single dose i.v. After sacrifice, sciatic nerves were excised and the protein composition was analysed. Protein analysis of sciatic nerves showed disappearance of neurofilament and fibroblast proteins in rats treated with arsenite doses of 15 and 20 mg/kg in comparison with the control groups. Some fibroblast protein bands had disappeared in the 20-mg/kg dose group. The analysed neurofilament-M and-L proteins decreased dose dependency over time. arsenic affects the composition of proteins in the rat sciatic nerve, especially the neurofilaments. The reduction of signals in Western blot analysis reveals changes in cytoskeletal composition, which may well lead to neurotoxic effects in vivo.

scholarly journals Proteome Profile of Myelin in the Zebrafish Brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie B. Siems ◽  
Olaf Jahn ◽  
Laura J. Hoodless ◽  
Ramona B. Jung ◽  
Dörte Hesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Protein ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Myelin Proteins ◽  
Myelin Protein ◽  
Immuno Electron Microscopy ◽  
Proteome Profile ◽  
Myelin Component ◽  
Protein Zero

The velocity of nerve conduction along vertebrate axons depends on their ensheathment with myelin. Myelin membranes comprise specialized proteins well characterized in mice. Much less is known about the protein composition of myelin in non-mammalian species. Here, we assess the proteome of myelin biochemically purified from the brains of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio), considering its increasing popularity as model organism for myelin biology. Combining gel-based and gel-free proteomic approaches, we identified > 1,000 proteins in purified zebrafish myelin, including all known constituents. By mass spectrometric quantification, the predominant Ig-CAM myelin protein zero (MPZ/P0), myelin basic protein (MBP), and the short-chain dehydrogenase 36K constitute 12%, 8%, and 6% of the total myelin protein, respectively. Comparison with previously established mRNA-abundance profiles shows that expression of many myelin-related transcripts coincides with the maturation of zebrafish oligodendrocytes. Zebrafish myelin comprises several proteins that are not present in mice, including 36K, CLDNK, and ZWI. However, a surprisingly large number of ortholog proteins is present in myelin of both species, indicating partial evolutionary preservation of its constituents. Yet, the relative abundance of CNS myelin proteins can differ markedly as exemplified by the complement inhibitor CD59 that constitutes 5% of the total zebrafish myelin protein but is a low-abundant myelin component in mice. Using novel transgenic reporter constructs and cryo-immuno electron microscopy, we confirm the incorporation of CD59 into myelin sheaths. These data provide the first proteome resource of zebrafish CNS myelin and demonstrate both similarities and heterogeneity of myelin composition between teleost fish and rodents.

Incorporation of Cholesterol into Peripheral Nerve Myelin

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 334-335
Author(s):  
Frank A. Rawlins
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Electron Microscope Autoradiography ◽  
Myelin Sheaths ◽  
Microscope Autoradiography ◽  
Grain Distribution ◽  
Sciatic Nerves ◽  
Autoradiographic Analysis ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Short Times

Several speculations exist as to the site of incorporation of preformed molecules into myelin. The possibility that an autoradiographic analysis of cholesterol-1,2-H3 incorporation at very short times after injection might shed some light in the solution of that problem led to the present experiment.Cholesterol-1,2-H3 was injected intraperitoneally into 24 tenday old mice. The animals were then sacrificed at 10,20,30,40,60,90,120 and 180 min after the injection and the sciatic nerves were processed for electron microscope autoradiography. To analyze the grain distribution in the autoradiograms of cross and longitudinal sections from each sciatic nerve myelin sheaths were subdivided into three compartments named: outer 1/3, middle 1/3 and inner 1/3 compartments.It was found that twenty min. after the injection of cholesterol -1.2-H3 (Figs. 1 and 2), 55% of the total number of grains (t.n.g) found in myelin were within the outer 1/3 compartment, 9% were within the middle 1/3 and 36% within the inner 1/3 compartment

Prevention of painful neuromas by oblique transection of peripheral nerves

2006 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wieslaw Marcol ◽  
Katarzyna Kotulska ◽  
Magdalena Larysz-Brysz ◽  
Grazyna Bierzyñska-Macyszyn ◽  
Pawel Wlaszczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Nerve Transection ◽  
Proximal Stump ◽  
Sciatic Nerves ◽  
Neuroma Formation

Object Neuroma formation often occurs at the proximal stump of the transected nerve, complicating the healing process after gap injuries or nerve biopsies. Most such neuromas cause therapy-resistant neuropathic pain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether oblique transection of the proximal stump of the sciatic nerve can prevent neuroma formation. Methods The sciatic nerves of 10 rats were transected unilaterally at an angle of 30°, and the peripheral segments of the nerves were removed. In 10 control animals the sciatic nerves were transected at a perpendicular angle. Twenty weeks after surgery the nerves were reexposed and collected. The presence of neuromas was determined by two board-certified pathologists on the basis of histopathological evaluations. Conclusions The oblique transection of peripheral nerves, contrary to perpendicularly transected nerves, is rarely followed by classic neuroma development. Moreover, neuropathic pain is significantly reduced compared with that following the traditional method of nerve transection.

scholarly journals The dynamic changes of main cell types in the microenvironment of sciatic nerves following sciatic nerve injury and the influence of let-7 on their distribution

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (72) ◽  
pp. 41181-41191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianmei Qian ◽  
Pan Wang ◽  
Qianqian Chen ◽  
Sheng Yi ◽  
Qianyan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Injury ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Main Cell ◽  
Sciatic Nerves

Schwann cells (SCs), fibroblasts and macrophages are the main cells in the peripheral nerve stumps.

scholarly journals THE EXCRETION OF CARBON DIOXIDE BY FROG NERVE

1925 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Co2 Output ◽  
Sciatic Nerves ◽  
Low Rate

1. Quiescent sciatic nerve of the frog discharges CO2 at the average rate of 0.00876 mg. CO2 per gram of nerve per minute. 2. Sciatic nerve steeped one minute in boiling water discharges CO2 at first at a low rate and after an hour and a half not at all. 3. Degenerated sciatic nerve discharges CO2 at a slightly higher rate than normal living nerve does. 4. Connective tissue from the frog discharges CO2 at an average rate of 0.0097 mg. per gram of tissue per minute. 5. Assuming that a nerve is composed of from one-half to one-quarter connective tissue the CO2 output from its strictly nervous components is estimated to be at a rate of 0.008 mg. CO2 per gram of nerve per minute. 6. Stimulated sciatic nerve increases the rate of its CO2 output over quiescent nerve by about 14 per cent. When this number is corrected for strictly nervous tissue the rate is about 16 per cent. 7. The increased rate of CO2 production noted on stimulation in normal sciatic nerves was not observed when they were boiled, blocked, or degenerated. It was also not observed with stimulated strands of connective tissue.

scholarly journals Progressive axonopathy when oligodendrocytes lack the myelin protein CMTM5

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias J Buscham ◽  
Maria A. Eichel-Vogel ◽  
Anna M Steyer ◽  
Olaf Jahn ◽  
Nicola Strenzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Wallerian Degeneration ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Myelin Proteins ◽  
Myelin Protein ◽  
Impulse Propagation ◽  
Functional Relevance

Oligodendrocytes facilitate rapid impulse propagation along the axons they myelinate and support their long-term integrity. However, the functional relevance of many myelin proteins has remained unknown. Here we find that expression of the tetraspan-transmembrane protein CMTM5 (Chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL-transmembrane domain containing protein 5) is highly enriched in oligodendrocytes and CNS myelin. Genetic disruption of the Cmtm5-gene in oligodendrocytes of mice does not impair the development or ultrastructure of CNS myelin. However, oligodendroglial Cmtm5-deficiency causes an early-onset progressive axonopathy, which we also observe in global and in tamoxifen-induced oligodendroglial Cmtm5-mutants. Presence of the Wlds mutation ameliorates the axonopathy, implying a Wallerian degeneration-like pathomechanism. These results indicate that CMTM5 is involved in the function of oligodendrocytes to maintain axonal integrity rather than myelin biogenesis.

Effect of High-Intensity X-Radiation on the A Group Fibers of the Frog's Sciatic Nerve

1956 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert B. Gerstner
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Monophasic Action Potential ◽  
Potential Amplitude ◽  
Complete Failure ◽  
Sciatic Nerves

Isolated sciatic nerves of bullfrogs received x-radiation at a dose rate of 9 kr/min. Prior to and following exposure, the monophasic action potential was recorded. In alpha fibers, doses between 75 kr and 200 kr caused a decrease in conduction velocity, an increase in the rise time of the action potential, and an elevated rheobase with shortened chronaxie; the potential amplitude was not obviously affected. In the dose range above 200 kr, the potential amplitude declined rapidly and complete failure of function occurred at about 300 kr. Beta fibers closely resembled alpha fibers in behavior; however, they appeared to be somewhat more radioresistant than a portion of the alpha subdivision. Gamma fibers seemed to be most susceptible to ionizing radiation; their potential disappeared at doses between 150 kr and 200 kr.

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