scholarly journals The effect of chemical treatments of albumin and orosomucoid on rate of clearance from the rat bloodstream and rate of pinocytic capture of rat yolk sac cultured in vitro

1977 ◽  
Vol 164 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
A T Moore ◽  
K E Williams ◽  
J B Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Albumin Preparation ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Albumin Molecule

Portions of a 125I-iodinated bovine serum albumin preparation were exposed to freezing, acetic acid (pH 3.5, 3.0 or 2.5), urea or formaldehyde, and the effect of these treatments on the rates of pinocytic uptake by yolk sacs from 17.5-day-pregnant rats cultured in vitro and of clearance from the rat bloodstream were studied. Uptake of albumin by the yolk sac was followed by rapid release of [125I]iodo-L-tyrosine into the culture medium. Similarly clearance of albumin in vivo was accompanied by the appearance of trichloroacetic acid-soluble radioactivity in the bloodstream. In both systems the rates of uptake of modified albumin preparations formed a series: formaldehyde or urea greater than acetic acid greater than freezing. The increased rates of uptake of modified albumin preparations could not be ascribed to the formation of aggregates nor, in the yolk-sac system, to an increase in the rate of pinosome formation. It is concluded that the various treatments to which the albumin was subjected increase to varying degrees the affinity of the albumin molecule for binding sites on that region of the plasma membrane from which pinocytic vesicles are formed. Some comparable experiments with native and desialylated human orosomucoid indicate that the rat yolk-sac epithelial cells do not possess the recognition system for uptake of asialoglycoproteins that exists on the surface of hepatic parenchymal cells.

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF CURCUMIN AND CAPSAICIN AUGMENTED IN COMBINATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Thriveni Vasanth Kumar ◽  
Manjunatha H. ◽  
Rajesh Kp
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Individual

Objective: Dietary curcumin and capsaicin are well known for their health beneficial potencies. The current study was done to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin, capsaicin and their combination by employing in vitro and in vivo models.Methods: We investigated the protective effect of curcumin, capsaicin and their combination using in vitro heat induced human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilisation, in vivo 3% agar induced leukocyte mobilisation and acetic acid induced vascular permeability assay.Results: Curcumin, capsaicin and their combination exhibited concentration dependent protective effect against heat-induced HRBC membrane destabilisation, while combined curcumin and capsaicin restored 87.0±0.64 % membrane stability and it is found to be better than curcumin, capsaicin and diclofenac sodium (75.0±0.25. 72±0.9 and 80.0±0.31 %) protective effect. In agar suspension induced leukocyte mobilization assay, the combined curcumin and capsaicin had shown 39.5±1.58 % of inhibition compared to individual curcumin and capsaicin, which showed moderate inhibition of 16.0±3.14 and 21.6±2.17 % respectively. Besides, the combined curcumin and capsaicin had shown highly significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in rats (62.0±3.14 %), whereas individual curcumin and capsaicin showed moderate inhibition of vascular permeability with 36.0±2.41 and 43.0±1.92 % respectively.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the significant anti-inflammatory property of combined curcumin and capsaicin at half of the individual concentration of curcumin and capsaicin.

scholarly journals The ectopic expression of Arabidopsis glucosyltransferase UGT74D1 affects leaf positioning through modulating indole-3-acetic acid homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanghui Jin ◽  
Bingkai Hou ◽  
Guizhi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Kinase Substrate ◽  
Auxin Distribution ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Photosynthesis Efficiency ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

AbstractLeaf angle is an important agronomic trait affecting photosynthesis efficiency and crop yield. Although the mechanisms involved in the leaf angle control are intensively studied in monocots, factors contribute to the leaf angle in dicots are largely unknown. In this article, we explored the physiological roles of an Arabidopsis glucosyltransferase, UGT74D1, which have been proved to be indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) glucosyltransferase in vitro. We found that UGT74D1 possessed the enzymatic activity toward IAA glucosylation in vivo and its expression was induced by auxins. The ectopically expressed UGT74D1 obviously reduced the leaf angle with an altered IAA level, auxin distribution and cell size in leaf tissues. The expression of several key genes involved in the leaf shaping and leaf positioning, including PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE (PKS) genes and TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, and PCF (TCP) genes, were dramatically changed by ectopic expression of UGT74D1. In addition, clear transcription changes of YUCCA genes and other auxin related genes can be observed in overexpression lines. Taken together, our data indicate that glucosyltransferase UGT74D1 could affect leaf positioning through modulating auxin homeostasis and regulating transcription of PKS and TCP genes, suggesting a potential new role of UGT74D1 in regulation of leaf angle in dicot Arabidopsis.

Effect of yolk-sac antibody on rat embryos grown in culture

Development ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-553
Author(s):  
D. A. T. New ◽  
R. L. Brent
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Amniotic Cavity ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Rat Embryos ◽  
Visceral Yolk Sac ◽  
Primary Action

Rat embryos, explanted with their embryonic membranes during the early stages of organogenesis ( days gestation), were grown in culture in roller tubes. Yolk-sac antibody (sheep anti rat yolk-sac gamma globulin), known to be teratogenic when injected into pregnant rats, was added to the culture medium. At concentrations of 0·1 mg/ml or more the antibody caused gross retardation of growth and differentiation. Injection of antibody into the amniotic cavity so that it had direct contact with the embryo, or between the amnion and yolk sac so that it was in contact with the mesodermal surface of the yolk sac, had little or no effect on development of the embryo or its membranes. These in vitro experiments indicate that yolk-sac antibody has an effect on development independent of any immunological reaction of the mother, and the primary action is probably on the visceral yolk-sac endoderm.

Study of yolk-sac endoderm organogenesis in the chick using a specific enzyme (cysteine lyase) as a marker of cell differentiation

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-174
Author(s):  
Nelly Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Morphological Specialization

The detection of a specific enzyme (cysteine lyase) of the yolk-sac endoderm by a very sensitive method is employed to characterize cell differentiation during the early stages of endoderm organogenesis in the chick. The first cells to contain active cysteine lyase are found in the germ wall at the primitive streak stage. In vivo observations establish a relation between the morphological specialization and organization of endodermal cells, their loss of mitotic activity and the increase in cysteine lyase activity. They suggest an influence of the mesoderm on endoderm differentiation. In vitro experiments confirm the existence in the yolk-sac endoderm of an incompatibility between cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as the action of the mesoderm on both the structural organization of the endoblast and the appearance of cysteine lyase; this last action seems to be due mainly to blood cells; chicken and rabbit blood cells are equally active. The problems of the origin of the endoderm and of the interactions occurring during the organogenesis of the yolk-sac endoderm are discussed.

scholarly journals In Vitro and in Vivo Calcitonin I Gene Expression in Parenchymal Cells: A Novel Product of Human Adipose Tissue

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (12) ◽  
pp. 5578-5584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Linscheid ◽  
Dalma Seboek ◽  
Eric S. Nylen ◽  
Igor Langer ◽  
Mirjam Schlatter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
I Gene

Flavone acetic acid (LM-975; NSC-347512) activation to cytotoxic species in vivo and in vitro

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy G. Chabot ◽  
Marie-Christine Bissery ◽  
Alain Gouyette
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Flavone Acetic Acid

scholarly journals Characterization of the interaction both in vitro and in vivo of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) with rat liver cells. Effects of monoclonal antibodies to t-PA

1992 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Otter ◽  
J Kuiper ◽  
R Bos ◽  
D C Rijken ◽  
T J van Berkel
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Tissue Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Liver Endothelial Cells ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

The interaction of 125I-labelled tissue-type plasminogen activator (125I-t-PA) with freshly isolated rat parenchymal and endothelial liver cells was studied. Binding experiments at 4 degrees C with parenchymal cells and endothelial liver cells indicated the presence of 68,000 and 44,000 high-affinity t-PA-binding sites, with an apparent Kd of 3.5 and 4 nM respectively. Association of 125I-t-PA with parenchymal cells was Ca(2+)-dependent and was not influenced by asialofetuin, a known ligand for the galactose receptor. Association of 125I-t-PA with liver endothelial cells was Ca(2+)-dependent and mannose-specific, since ovalbumin (a mannose-terminated glycoprotein) inhibited the cell association of t-PA. Association of 125I-t-PA with liver endothelial cells was inhibited by anti-(human mannose receptor) antiserum. Anti-(galactose receptor) IgG had no effect on 125I-t-PA association with either cell type. Degradation of 125I-t-PA at 37 degrees C by both cell types was inhibited by chloroquine or NH4Cl, indicating that t-PA is degraded lysosomally. in vitro experiments with three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) demonstrated that anti-t-PA MAb 1-3-1 specifically decreased association of 125I-t-PA with the endothelial cells, and anti-t-PA Mab 7-8-4 inhibited association with the parenchymal cells. Results of competition experiments in rats in vivo with these antibodies were in agreement with findings in vitro. Both antibodies decreased the liver uptake of 125I-t-PA, while a combination of the two antibodies was even more effective in reducing the liver association of 125I-t-PA and increasing its plasma half-life. We conclude from these data that clearance of t-PA by the liver is regulated by at least two pathways, one on parenchymal cells (not galactose/mannose-mediated) and another on liver endothelial cells (mediated by a mannose receptor). Results with the MAbs imply that two distinct sites on the t-PA molecule are involved in binding to parenchymal cells and liver endothelial cells.

Differentiation of the yolk-sac endoderm under the influence of the digestive-tract mesenchyme

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-289
Author(s):  
Tohru Masui
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Intestinal Type ◽  
Area Vasculosa ◽  
Self Differentiation ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Area Pellucida

To reveal differentiation potency of yolk-sac endoderm, this tissue from quail embryos was cultured alone or in association with digestive-tract mesenchymes of chick embryos. When yolk-sac endoderm was cultured alone in vitro, the endoderm of the area vitellina differentiated into the yolk-sac parenchyma, but the endoderm of the extraembryonic area pellucida (EEAP) failed to differentiate into yolk-sac parenchyma, and the endoderm of the area vasculosa became necrotic. When endoderm of the area vitellina was cultured in association with digestive-tract mesenchymes, all the endodermal cells developed into yolk-sac parenchymal cells after two days. Later, basophilic cells appeared among them, and differentiated into both mesenchymespecific epithelia and intestinal-type epithelium with a striated border, and villi were also formed. Goblet cells appeared in all types of recombinations. The endoderm of the EEAP cultured with digestive-tract mesenchymes gave similar results to that of the area vitellina. In contrast, endoderm of the area vasculosa, when cultured with digestive-tract mesenchymes,became necrotic. The present investigation demonstrated that the endoderms of the area vitellina and of the EEAP differ in self-differentiation potency, and that their developmental fates can be modified by the influence of digestive-tract mesenchymes. These endoderms can differentiate into the mesenchyme-specific epithelia, though they often differentiate also into the intestinal-type epithelium.

scholarly journals Assessment of Mint, Basil, and Lavender Essential Oil Vapor-Phase in Antifungal Protection and Lemon Fruit Quality

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata M. Sumalan ◽  
Raufdzhon Kuganov ◽  
Diana Obistioiu ◽  
Iuliana Popescu ◽  
Isidora Radulov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Set Up

There is an increasing interest in developing natural methods to replace the current chemicals used for maintaining postharvest quality of citrus fruits. The essential oil antifungal activity of mint (MEO), basil (BEO), and lavender (LEO) acting as the vapor-phases was tested against Penicillium digitatum. The minimum doses with fungistatic and fungicidal effect, in vitro, acting as the vapor-phases, were set up. The minimum fungicidal dose was 300 μL for BEO and 350 μL LEO, while for MEO only minimal dose with fungistatic effect was reached. The IC50 values were calculated and used (v/v) for testing preservation of lemon fruits, in close space enriched in vapor oil. For this purpose, the following two independent in vivo experiments were carried out: experiment 1, inoculated lemons with P. digitatum stored without chemical treatments 7 days, at 22 ± 2 °C, at two concentrations (C1—IC50 equivalent; C2—half of C1); and experiment 2, the non-inoculated lemons kept under the same conditions and concentrations of EO vapor served to evaluate the lemon quality properties. The results showed that antifungal protective effect was provided in the order of LEO-C1 > BEO-C1 > MEO-C1 > BEO-C2 > MEO-C2 > LEO-C2. The quality indicators like weight loss, pH, and firmness were not negatively influenced.

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