scholarly journals Precocious development of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity in chick-embryo liver after administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone and of certain 11β-hydroxy corticosteroids

1976 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Leakey ◽  
G J Wishart ◽  
G J Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
Natural Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Embryo Liver ◽  
Precocious Development

1. Precocious development of UDP-glucuronyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) and of glucuronidation by endogenous compounds of known chemical composition is reported for the first time. 2. This development occurs precociously in chick-embryo liver after administration to the egg of mammalian adrenocorticotropic hormone, of Synacthen (a synthetic compound possessing adrenocorticotropic activity), or of certain corticosteroids possessing a hydroxy or an oxo group at C-11. 3. Corticosterone-dependent transferase development parallels the rise of infused corticosterone in plasma, but does not require the presence of embryo pituitary in ovo, and is demonstrable in embryo liver explants in vitro. 4. Competence of embryo liver transferase to respond to corticosterone (or dexamethasone) begins over days 13-14, the time of competence to respond to grafted pituitary gland. 5. The transferase appearing after treatment with corticosterone or adrenocorticotropic hormone, like that appearing after pituitary grafting or on natural development and unlike that from the untreated embryo, is markedly activated by membrane-perturbation procedures, suggesting it appears through induction, not activation. 6. Thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine accelerate transferase development after treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone or corticosteroid to the rate seen after pituitary grafting. 7. A wide range of other hormones and steroids did not obviously influence transferase development in this system. 8. We suggest that grafted pituitary gland evokes precocious transferase development in embryo liver through production of adrenocorticotropic hormone and hence of the active corticosteroids; thyrotropin and thyroxine hasten the process. The role of this mechanism in the natural development of UDP-glucuronyltransferase is discussed.

Special Problems of Experimenting in ovo on the Early Chick Embryo, and a Solution

Development ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-375
Author(s):  
P. H. S. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Early Chick Embryo ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Early Stages

It seems to be generally accepted that experimenting in ovo on the chick during the early stages of development (up to about 48 hours) is fraught with the greatest difficulty. After about this time no serious technical problems arise and a high proportion of successful results can be expected. It is natural to ask why there should be this change-over from extreme difficulty to reasonable simplicity. New (1955) attributed to this ‘inaccessibility of the chick embryo in the egg’ the invention of his own and many other in vitro methods during the last 30 years. There is no doubt that, when short-term experiments only are required, in vitro methods will probably always be preferred. But all in vitro methods suffer from the disadvantage that the embryo cannot be expected to survive for more than 48 hours or so after explantation.

Studies on the mechanism of in vitro estradiol-17-β induced synthesis of phosvitin in chick embryo liver cells

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Carinci ◽  
A. Caruso ◽  
R. Evangelisti ◽  
E. Becchetti ◽  
G. Stabellini
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Embryo Liver

scholarly journals Studies of tRNAVal isolated from chick embryo liver irradiated in ovo

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-767
Author(s):  
L Gyenge ◽  
E Bölöni ◽  
A Benkó ◽  
L D Szabó ◽  
F Joliot-Curie
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Embryo Liver

Culture organotypique de glandes génitales de Téléostéens

Development ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
C. Remacle ◽  
J. Demal
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Embryo Extract ◽  
Chick Embryo Extract ◽  
Opposite Sex

Histological examination of gonads from teleosts, cultivated in vitro on an agar medium containing glucose and chick embryo extract shows the continuation of the germinal activity for at least 21 days. The influence of different factors: stage of maturation at the time of explantation, quantity of nutrient available, and transfer on fresh media are checked. The best results are obtained for ovaries containing only young oocytes, i.e. before any vitellogenesis or when it has just started, and for testes in which spermatogenesis is well advanced, i.e. when there are numerous spermatozoa. Results do not seem to be improved by frequent transfers. First attempts of association with pituitary gland or gonads of the opposite sex are reported.

Synthesis of globin chains in the erythropoietic sites of the early chick embryo

Development ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-165
Author(s):  
L. Fucci ◽  
C. Cirotto ◽  
L. Tomei ◽  
G. Geraci
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Globin Chains ◽  
Immunofluorescence Labelling ◽  
Α Chain

The synthesis of globins in the chick embryo before the onset of circulation has been studied in situ by specific immunofluorescence labelling of embryonic sections and by labelling newly synthesized proteins in ovo and in vitro in embryonic explants with [3H]leucine. The presence of major primitive haemoglobins is observed by 28 h of incubation. The minor primitive haemoglobins become detectable by immunofluorescence after 40 h of development, shortly before the onset of circulation. 3H-labelling shows that one definitive α chain is synthesized, though in low concentration, from the initial globin detection. The other definitive α chain is observed in embryos of at least 40 h of development. The relative concentration of the two definitive α chains changes rapidly with development indicating a specific mechanism of regulation. An erythropoietic site is observed in the wall of the dorsal aorta in embryos of about 45–50 h of development. From the initial detection, those cells contain all four primitive embryonic haemoglobins, in contrast to what is observed for the cells of the blood islands.

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