scholarly journals Studies on mixed monolayers of phospholipids and fusogenic lipids

1975 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Maggio ◽  
J A Lucy
Keyword(s):  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Mixed Monolayers ◽  
Asymmetrical Distribution ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Mixed Films ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Erythrocyte Lipids

1. The behaviour of mixed monolayers of 14 different lipids with preparations of erythrocyte lipids, purified natural and synthetic phospholipids, cholesterol and galactosylceramide was investigated. 2. The mean areas occupied per molecule in mixed films containing lipids that are fusogenic for hen erythrocytes were compared with those for corresponding films containing lipids that are inactive as fusogens. 3. Fusogenic lipids were found to exhibit interactions, which were not shown by non-fusogenic lipids, in mixed monolayers with several species of phospholipid, particularly those containing a choline head group. 4. Heterogeneity in the hydrophobic chains of phosphatidylcholine, their degree of unsaturation and the presence of cholesterol had little effect on the interaction of phosphatidylcholine with fusogenic lipids. 5. Fusogenic lipids showed little specific interaction with natural or synthetic preparations of phosphatidylethanolamine. 6. The possible significance of these observations in relation to the action of fusogenic lipids on biological membranes is discussed in the light of the asymmetrical distribution of phospholipids in erythrocyte membranes.

scholarly journals Arachidonate cannot be released directly from diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in thrombin-stimulated platelets

1989 ◽  
Vol 259 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Colard ◽  
M Breton ◽  
D Pepin ◽  
F Chevy ◽  
G Bereziat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Polar Head Group ◽  
Lipoxygenase Inhibitor ◽  
Phospholipid Molecular Species ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Rat Platelets

The origin of the arachidonate released from platelets on stimulation with thrombin was investigated by comparing the specific activities of released arachidonate and of arachidonoyl-containing phospholipids using rat platelets prelabelled with arachidonate. Quantification of the released arachidonate was determined in the presence of BW 755 C, a dual cyclo-oxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor, which was found not to modify the arachidonate mobilization between the platelet phospholipids. The phospholipid molecular species were analysed by h.p.l.c. of diradylglycerol benzoate derivatives of diacyl, alkylacyl and alkenylacyl classes. The labelled/unlabelled arachidonate ratio varied greatly in the phospholipids depending on whether an ether or acyl bond was present in sn-1 position of the glycerol, on the length and degree of unsaturation of this fatty chain and on the polar head group. Between 15 s and 5 min of stimulation by thrombin, the released arachidonate kept a constant specific activity which was considerably lower than the specific activity of diacyl-GPC. The specific activity of the released arachidonate was intermediate between the specific activities of the 16:0-20:4 and 18:0-20:4 species of diacyl-GPI and diacyl-GPE, and corresponded to the mean specific activity of alkylacyl-GPC. The data indicate that the released arachidonate cannot come directly from diacyl-GPC, and that two phospholipids in particular can act as direct precursors of the released arachidonate. These are (1) the alkylacyl-GPC and (2) the diacyl-GPE whose hydrolysis would induce an arachidonate transfer from diacyl-GPC.

scholarly journals Ultra-processed food consumption in Barbados: evidence from a nationally representative, cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Harris ◽  
Angela M. C. Rose ◽  
Suzanne Soares-Wynter ◽  
Nigel Unwin
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Our objective was to describe, for the first time in an English-speaking Caribbean country, the contribution of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) to nutrients linked to non-communicable disease. Using a cross-sectional study design, dietary data were collected from two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Recorded food items were then classified according to their degree of processing by the NOVA system. The present study took place in Barbados (2012–13). A representative population-based sample of 364 adult Barbadians (161 males and 203 females) aged 25–64 years participated in the study. UPFs represented 40⋅5 % (838 kcal/d; 95 % CI 791, 885) of mean energy intake. Sugar-sweetened beverages made the largest contribution to energy within the UPF category. Younger persons (25–44 years) consumed a significantly higher proportion of calories from UPF (NOVA group 4) compared with older persons (45–64 years). The mean energy shares of UPF ranged from 22⋅0 to 58⋅9 % for those in the lowest tertile to highest tertile. Within each tertile, the energy contribution was significantly higher in the younger age group (25–44 years) compared with the older (45–64 years). One-quarter of persons consume ≥50 % of their daily calories from UPF, this being significantly higher in younger persons. The ultra-processed diet fraction contained about six times the mean of free sugars and about 0⋅8 times the dietary fibre of the non-ultra-processed fraction (NOVA groups 1–3). Targeted interventions to decrease the consumption of UPF especially in younger persons is thus of high priority to improve the diet quality of Barbadians.

scholarly journals Hearing results in modified radical mastoidectomy with type III tympanoplasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1629
Author(s):  
Yash D. Lavana ◽  
Ajay J. Panchal ◽  
Vaibhav B. Hapalia ◽  
Manit M. Mandal ◽  
Shivani D. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Septal Cartilage ◽  
Mastoid Cavity ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Modified Radical Mastoidectomy ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

<p class="abstract" style="display: inline !important;"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to hear the results in patients with atticoantral-chronic otitis media who undergone canal wall down mastoidectomy with different types of tympanoplasty.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 86 cases of CSOM-AA were included. Patients were divided in 3 groups according to intra-operative ossicular chain status and reconstruction. Group A were patients having intact stapes superstructure and the graft kept over the stapes head covering middle ear and mastoid cavity. Group B patients were with intact superstructure of stapes and graft kept over cartilage graft kept on mobile stapes head. Group C patients were with absent superstructure of stapes with intact, mobile footplate and graft kept over autologous or homologous cartilage kept on footplate of stapes. On 10<sup>th</sup> week and 24<sup>th</sup> week after surgery, PTA was carried out to compare pre and post-operative hearing status. The study was conducted at SMIMER Hospital, Surat (a tertiary health care hospital) fromSeptember 2016 to September 2017.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In 86 patients, average mean preoperative AC threshold was 48.16 (±15.15) dB, mean pre-operative BC was 8.96 (±7.85) dB and mean pre-operative air bone gap was 40.11 (±12.92) dB. The mean post-operative AC threshold was 43.17 (±13.72) dB, mean post-operative BC was 11.34 (±9.44) dB and postoperative air bone gap was 32.06 (±11.62) dB. The mean air bone gap closure was 8.76 (±11.86). This hearing gain was statistically highly significant (p&lt;0.001). Among 86 patients, cartilage was used in total 60 patients. Mean ABG was 8.6 dB, 11.05 dB and 8.43 dB respectively for tragal, conchal and homologous septal cartilage.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Hearing improvement can be achieved with appropriate reconstruction in CWD mastoidectomy.</p>

Equality in Hip Arthroscopy Outcomes Can Be Achieved Regardless of Patient Socioeconomic Status

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110469
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Saks ◽  
Vivian W. Ouyang ◽  
Elijah S. Domb ◽  
Andrew E. Jimenez ◽  
David R. Maldonado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Hip Arthroscopy ◽  
Labral Tear ◽  
Harris Hip Score ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Access to quality health care and treatment outcomes can be affected by patients’ socioeconomic status (SES). Purpose: To evaluate the effect of patient SES on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after arthroscopic hip surgery. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Demographic, radiographic, and intraoperative data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed on all patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and labral tear between February 2008 and September 2017 at one institution. Patients were divided into 4 cohorts based on the Social Deprivation Index (SDI) of their zip code. SDI is a composite measure that quantifies the level of disadvantage in certain geographical areas. Patients had a minimum 2-year follow-up for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS), International Hip Outcome Tool—12, and visual analog scale (VAS) for both pain and satisfaction. Rates of achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) were calculated for the mHHS, NAHS, and VAS pain score. Rates of secondary surgery were also recorded. Results: A total of 680 hips (616 patients) were included. The mean follow-up time for the entire cohort was 30.25 months. Division of the cohort into quartiles based on the SDI national averages yielded 254 hips (37.4%) in group 1, 184 (27.1%) in group 2, 148 (21.8%) in group 3, and 94 (13.8%) in group 4. Group 1 contained the most affluent patients. There were significantly more men in group 4 than in group 2, and the mean body mass index was greater in group 4 than in groups 1 and 2. There were no differences in preoperative radiographic measurements, intraoperative findings, or rates of concomitant procedures performed. All preoperative and postoperative PROMs were similar between the groups, as well as in the rates of achieving the MCID or PASS. No differences in the rate of secondary surgeries were reported. Conclusion: Regardless of SES, patients were able to achieve significant improvements in several PROMs after hip arthroscopy for FAIS and labral tear at the minimum 2-year follow-up. Additionally, patients from all SES groups achieved clinically meaningful improvement at similar rates.

Impermeability of rabbit erythrocytes to prostaglandins

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (6) ◽  
pp. 1580-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
LZ Bito ◽  
RA Baroody
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Rabbit Erythrocyte ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intracellular Volume ◽  
Distribution Spaces ◽  
Apparent Distribution ◽  
Initial Uptake

Washed rabbit erythrocytes were suspended in Tris-electrolyte buffer containing [3H]prostaglandin (PG) E1, F1alpha, F2alpha, or A1 and one 14C-labeled compound such as sucrose. After up to 24 h of incubation, aliquots of centrifuged, packed cells and supernatant were oxidized and the 3H and 14C samples were counted. The mean sucrose space of the packed cell was 7.4%. After 1 min the E1, F1alpha, and F2alpha spaces were 16, 15.4, and 10.0%, respectively, and showed no increase even after 24 h of incubation at either 23 or 5 degrees C. At 23 degrees C the initial (0.5 min) PGA1 and thiourea spaces were 94 and 75%, respectively, whence the PGA1, but not the thiourea, space declined, reaching 30% at 4 h. The large initial uptake of PGA1 was eliminated at 5 degrees C, while it was accentuated at pH 6.8 or at a PGA1, concentration of 10(-3) M. 14C-Labeled arachidonic, octanoic, and other non-PG fatty acids gave apparent distribution spaces of 140-300%. These results show that PG's can partition into rabbit erythrocyte membranes, but the intracellular volume of the erythrocytes is not freely accessible to these autacoids. The implications of the finding that some cell membranes are impermeable to prostaglandins are discussed.

scholarly journals The Aspirin Bleeding Time - A Screening Test for Evaluation of von Willebrand’s Disease

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie J. Stuart ◽  
Merrill Miller ◽  
Joel Wolk ◽  
Fredrick Davey
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Bleeding Diathesis ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Von Willebrand's Disease ◽  
Von Willebrand’S Disease ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Platelet Defects

In an attempt to elucidate the usefulness of the Bleeding Time (BT) post Aspirin (ASA) ingestion this test was done with other tests of coagulation in 30 controls and 77 patients evaluated for a possible bleeding diathesis. Coagulation studies included PT, PTT, TT, VIII AHF & AGN, IX, XI, XIII platelet retention and aggregation, and modified Ivy BTs pre and 2 hrs. post 600 mgms ASA. The mean control BT in 25 normals was 3.6'±3.2' (3SD). Following ASA the BT was 6.4'±4.1' (3SD). 5/30 “controls” without bleeding histories had abnormal BTs post ASA. In this group, 4 were proven to have unrecognized von Willebrand’s disease (VWD) and one a platelet defect. Of the 74 patients studied, 28 had initial BTs that were abnormal (23 with VWD and 5 with platelet defects). Of the remaining 46 with initially normal BTs, 26 had abnormal BTs post ASA. 13/26 had VWD at their first evaluation. In 9/26, however, the abnormal BT post ASA was the only abnormality at initial evaluation. On repeated testing, these patients were also shown to have VWD. 4/26 with abnormal BTs post ASA were found to have platelet abnormalities. The remaining 20 patients had normal BTs pre and post ASA. 16/20 revealed no hemostatic abnormality. In 4 eventually proven to have VWD, the BT post ASA was normal. The use of the BT post ASA raised the sensitivity of the BT as a screening test from 48% to 93% in the abnormal patient population. VWD appears to be the most common symptomatic/ asymptomatic bleeding disorder. The BT post ASA is a valuable screen in the evaluation of hemostatic defects i.e., mainly VWD, as also the occasional patient with a thrombocytopathy.

Changes in Erythrocyte Membrane Ouabain-Sensitive Adenosine Triphosphatase after Renal Transplantation

1975 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Cole ◽  
R. Maletz
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Intracellular Electrolytes ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
The Mean

1. Intracellular electrolytes, and erythrocyte membrane adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, was studied in twenty patients after renal transplantation. 2. The mean ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity in the erythrocyte membranes of the transplant patients was 122 nmol of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) h−1 mg of tissue−1 (sem 14), compared with 62 nmol of Pi h−1 mg of tissue−1 (sem 8) in a group of paired, healthy controls. 3. The increase in ouabain-sensitive ATPase was most marked in the 4 months after transplantation. However, a significant increase in ouabain-sensitive ATPase persisted for more than 8 months after transplantation. 4. This increase in ouabain-sensitive ATPase was associated with a decrease in intracellular sodium in the erythrocytes of the transplant patients.

403 CONTROL OF OVULATION IN SOWS IN THE TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT USING HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN COMPARISON WITH GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE ANALOG

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
K. Buranaamnuay ◽  
K. Wongkaweewit ◽  
R. Raksasub ◽  
P. Prommachart ◽  
P. Tummaruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gnrh Analog ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Hormone Analog ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Minimum Daily Temperature ◽  
Mean Time

The reproductive performance of sows is influenced by numerous factors, including environment. The time of ovulation in response to hormonal treatment might vary depending on climate. Because control of ovulation in pigs using hormonal treatments has not been studied in the tropical climate, the effect of hCG or GnRH analog (buserelin) on the time of ovulation in weaned sows was investigated. Thirty-three multiparous Landrace (L; n = 14) and Yorkshire (Y; n = 19) sows housed in the mating and gestation unit on a commercial swine farm in Thailand were used. The average of maximum and minimum daily temperature and daily humidity during experiment was 35°C and 25°C and 31%, respectively. Estrus detection by back pressure test and presence of a mature boar was performed every 6 h. Only sows with weaning to estrus interval (WOI) of ≤7 days were studied. Estrous sows were randomly allocated to 3 groups: a control group (4 Y and 6 L), which was given no treatment; a group (5 Y and 5 L) given 750 IU of hCG i.m. at the beginning of estrus (hCG group); and a group (5 Y and 8 L) given 10 μg of GnRH analog i.m. at the beginning of estrus (GnRH group). The mean time of ovulation was monitored by transrectal ultrasonography every 6 h from the onset of estrus. Interval from onset of estrus to mean time of ovulation (EOI) was analyzed using general linear model procedures of SAS (version 9.0; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Least squares means and standard deviations of EOI were compared using ANOVA. The proportion of sows ovulating within 45 h after onset of estrus was compared using Fisher’s exact test. Differences with P < 0.05 were considered significant. All of the sows in the control and hCG groups ovulated within 5 days after onset of estrus, but 3 out of 13 (23%) sows in the GnRH group developed cystic follicles; these 3 sows were excluded from the analyses. Overall, WOI was 3.8 ± 0.9 days and did not differ among the groups (P ± 0.05). The breed of sow had no effect on the EOI (P ± 0.05). Although the EOI did not differ among the control (43.0 ± 19.2 h), hCG (40.2 ± 5.5 h), and GnRH (37.5 ± 10.3 h) groups (P ± 0.05), variation was less (P = 0.001) after administration of hCG or GnRH. In addition, the proportions of sows that ovulated within 45 h after onset of estrus in the hCG (9/10 sows) and GnRH (8/10 sows) groups tended to be higher than in the control group (5/10 sows; P = 0.10). In conclusion, results indicate that both hCG and GnRH are efficacious in inducing ovulation at a predictable time in weaned, spontaneously estrous sows. The occurrence of follicular cysts in GnRH-treated sows requires further investigation.

Specific interaction between antidigoxin antibodies and digoxin-like immunoreactive substances in cord serum.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Scherrmann ◽  
P Sandouk ◽  
X Guedeney
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Digoxin-like immunoreactive substances (DLIS) have been quantified by two different digoxin radioimmunoassays (RIA) in 47 cord sera. The mean DLIS value (in digoxin equivalents) ranged from 0.960 (SD 0.184) to 0.181 (SD 0.104) nmol/L between the two different kits and different lot numbers of the reagents. One of the RIA methods showed an obvious lot-to-lot effect. The use of a longer incubation interval and a higher incubation temperature markedly decreased cross reactions with DLIS. The effect of modifying the incubation conditions in RIA is similar to that described for assays of steroids because the dissociation rates of the immunocomplex play a critical role. Data suggest a specific interaction between DLIS and digoxin antibodies. Control of the incubation conditions is recommended, to decrease or increase the amount of the DLIS in cord serum specimens.

scholarly journals Acute Phase Effect of Memantine Hydrochloride in Experimental Peripheral Nerve Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Hakan AK ◽  
Iskender Samet Daltaban ◽  
Sevilay Vural
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Aim In this experimental study, we aimed to investigate possible healing effects of memantine hydrochloride, an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, with clinical, biochemical, and histopathologic methods on acute peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Material and Method Forty-eight adult Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 12). The groups were arranged as sham-operated group (group 1), acute compression model group (group 2), trauma + low-dose memantine group (group 3), and trauma + high-dose memantine group (group 4). Memantine was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days. Subjects were sacrificed after the measurement of the sciatic nerve function index (SNFI) on the eighth day. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured in nerve tissues. Histopathologic evaluation was performed by electron microscopy. Results The mean sciatic function index (SFI) scores of groups 1 to 4 were +3.27 (standard deviation [SD] ±4.66),–18.2 (SD = ±11.7),–8.5 (SD = ±7.5), and–2.5 (SD = ±9), respectively. The mean COX-2 values were 0.98 ng/mL (SD = ±0.51), 1.89 ng/mL (SD = ±0.22), 1.39 ng/mL (SD = ±0.36), and 1.35 ng/mL (SD = ±0.59), respectively. TNF-α values were 0.09 pg/mL (SD = ±0.23), 1 pg/mL (SD = ±0.96), 0.46 pg/mL (SD = ±0.55), and 0.48 pg/mL (SD = ±0.78), respectively. Group 1 showed normal histologic findings. Group 2 showed marked edema particularly in large-diameter myelins. Myelin configurations were detected in large myelinated axons in group 3. The number of mast cells in endoneurium was high in group 4. Conclusion The efficacy of memantine in the acute phase of PNI appears to be significant according to the SNFI and biochemical tests. However, histologic findings suggest that high doses of memantine have a negative effect on PNI.

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