403 CONTROL OF OVULATION IN SOWS IN THE TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT USING HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN COMPARISON WITH GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE ANALOG

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
K. Buranaamnuay ◽  
K. Wongkaweewit ◽  
R. Raksasub ◽  
P. Prommachart ◽  
P. Tummaruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gnrh Analog ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Hormone Analog ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Minimum Daily Temperature ◽  
Mean Time

The reproductive performance of sows is influenced by numerous factors, including environment. The time of ovulation in response to hormonal treatment might vary depending on climate. Because control of ovulation in pigs using hormonal treatments has not been studied in the tropical climate, the effect of hCG or GnRH analog (buserelin) on the time of ovulation in weaned sows was investigated. Thirty-three multiparous Landrace (L; n = 14) and Yorkshire (Y; n = 19) sows housed in the mating and gestation unit on a commercial swine farm in Thailand were used. The average of maximum and minimum daily temperature and daily humidity during experiment was 35°C and 25°C and 31%, respectively. Estrus detection by back pressure test and presence of a mature boar was performed every 6 h. Only sows with weaning to estrus interval (WOI) of ≤7 days were studied. Estrous sows were randomly allocated to 3 groups: a control group (4 Y and 6 L), which was given no treatment; a group (5 Y and 5 L) given 750 IU of hCG i.m. at the beginning of estrus (hCG group); and a group (5 Y and 8 L) given 10 μg of GnRH analog i.m. at the beginning of estrus (GnRH group). The mean time of ovulation was monitored by transrectal ultrasonography every 6 h from the onset of estrus. Interval from onset of estrus to mean time of ovulation (EOI) was analyzed using general linear model procedures of SAS (version 9.0; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Least squares means and standard deviations of EOI were compared using ANOVA. The proportion of sows ovulating within 45 h after onset of estrus was compared using Fisher’s exact test. Differences with P < 0.05 were considered significant. All of the sows in the control and hCG groups ovulated within 5 days after onset of estrus, but 3 out of 13 (23%) sows in the GnRH group developed cystic follicles; these 3 sows were excluded from the analyses. Overall, WOI was 3.8 ± 0.9 days and did not differ among the groups (P ± 0.05). The breed of sow had no effect on the EOI (P ± 0.05). Although the EOI did not differ among the control (43.0 ± 19.2 h), hCG (40.2 ± 5.5 h), and GnRH (37.5 ± 10.3 h) groups (P ± 0.05), variation was less (P = 0.001) after administration of hCG or GnRH. In addition, the proportions of sows that ovulated within 45 h after onset of estrus in the hCG (9/10 sows) and GnRH (8/10 sows) groups tended to be higher than in the control group (5/10 sows; P = 0.10). In conclusion, results indicate that both hCG and GnRH are efficacious in inducing ovulation at a predictable time in weaned, spontaneously estrous sows. The occurrence of follicular cysts in GnRH-treated sows requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Serum concentrations of PIIINP aminopeptide in dogs with liver fibrosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Glińska-Suchocka ◽  
A. Orłowska ◽  
M. Jankowski ◽  
K. Kubiak ◽  
J. Spużak
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the serum concentration of the type III procollagen aminopeptide in dogs, and to assess its utility in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. The study was carried out on 20 dogs of different breeds and of both genders, between 7 and 15 years old. Based on the results of the histopathological examination and the evaluation of the degree of liver fibrosis, the dogs were divided into five groups. The mean serum PIIINP concentration in the group of dogs with stage 1 and 2 liver fibrosis (groups 2 and 3) was five-fold higher than in healthy dogs (group 1). In turn, the mean PIIINP concentration in the group of dogs with stage 3 (group 4) and stage 4 (group 5) fibrosis was 10-fold higher than that of the control group (group 1). Based on the results, we found that the serum PIIINP concentration correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis, assessed based on a histopathological examination. Therefore, PIIINP serum concentration tests may be a promising non-invasive diagnostic technique that could be used in veterinary hepatology to assess the degree of liver fibrosis.

scholarly journals Early Neuromuscular Blockade in Children with Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Surabhi Chandra ◽  
Sahil Goel ◽  
Ritika Dawra
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Neuromuscular Blockade ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

AbstractPediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is a challenging problem with high mortality. Role of neuromuscular blockade in the management of ARDS to date has been controversial, and this study was done to study the role of neuromuscular blockade in children having PARDS and development of associated complications, if any. This was a prospective, case–control study conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary care teaching hospital, over a period of 24 months. Patients of age 1 to 18 years who presented with or developed PARDS during their course of hospitalization were included after written informed consent was obtained from their parents and/or guardians. Patients with PARDS requiring invasive mechanical ventilation were partitioned into a case group and a control group. Case group patients were sedated and paralyzed using midazolam (1 µg/kg/min) and vecuronium (1 µg/kg/min), respectively, along with institution of definitive management. Control group patients were given definitive and supportive therapy, but no neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs). All patients were followed up for signs and symptoms of myopathy or neuropathy during the entire duration of hospital stay and up to 3 months after discharge. During the study period, 613 patients were admitted to the PICU of which 91 patients qualified as having PARDS. Sepsis was the main etiology in 67 of the 91 patients (73.6%) with PARDS. Fifty-nine patients were included in the study, of which 29 patients were included in the case group and 30 patients were included in the control group. Among the 29 case group patients, 25 patients (86.2%) were successfully extubated. Four patients from the case group expired, while 14 out of 30 control group patients (46.7%) expired. Hypotension was present in 26 case group patients (89.6%), of which all showed resolution within 48 hours of definitive treatment. The mean time to resolution of hypotension was 41.6 hours (standard deviation [SD]: 5.759; range: 24–48) for case group patients, significantly lower (p < 0.0001) than the mean time to resolution of 103 hours (SD: 18.995; range: 90–126) for the 10 control group patients with hypotension that survived. Mean oxygenation index (OI) following 48 hours of vecuronium therapy was significantly lower (p < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval: 5.9129–9.9671) than mean OI at admission for case group patients. None of the patients receiving vecuronium exhibited neuromuscular deficit during their hospital stay, at time of discharge, or at follow-up evaluation up to 3 months after discharge. In this study, pediatric cases diagnosed with PARDS and managed with mechanical ventilation and vecuronium therapy had improved mean OI following 48 hours of NMBA therapy and a lower mortality when compared with matched control group patients. Incidence of NMBA-related weakness was not commonly observed in these patients.

scholarly journals The Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on Inflammation Markers in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Deniz Uluisik ◽  
Ercan Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group 5

Background: Coenzyme Q10 is a well-known cofactor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain required for ATP production. Coenzyme Q10 is recognized as an intracellular antioxidant that protects cell membrane phospholipids, mitochondrial membrane protein, and plasma low-density lipoprotein against oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Diabetes and its complications have been related to increased levels of free radicals and systemic proinflammatory cytokines and to an abnormal lipid profile. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on some cytokine levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, 38 healthy, adult male rats were used. The rats were divided into 5 groups. All animals were housed in separated cages during the four weeks. The animals in group 1 was fed standard rat pellets for 4 weeks. It was administered at 0.3 mL corn oil intraperitoneally daily for four weeks in group 2 animals. The animals in group 3 was injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg CoQ10 daily for 4 weeks. Group 4 was made diabetic by subcutaneous injections of streptozotocin at dose of 40 mg/kg in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) single daily dose for two days and group 5 was made diabetic by subcutaneous injections of streptozotocin at dose of 40 mg/kg in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) single daily dose for two days and then was injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg CoQ10 daily for 4 weeks. During the experiment, three animals from group 4 and one animals from group 5 were died due to streptozotocin-induced hypoglycemia. At the end of the study, blood samples were taken from all animals. In these blood samples, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α plasma levels were determined with ELISA using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent method via commercial kits. In this study, IL-4 level as an anti-inflammatory cytokine significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with diabetes induction compared to control group level. IL-10 level in diabetic group was statistically different (P < 0.05) from control group level. CoQ10 application to diabetic animals improved the falling in IL-10 level of diabetic group (P < 0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α levels in diabetic group significantly increased (P < 0.05) in parallel with each other compared to control group levels. The same parameters were reduced (P < 0.05) by CoQ10 application in diabetic animals.Discussion: In this study, the occurred changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines with experimentally induced diabetes are expected results and these results are consistent with some studies related diabetes. These results may be considered to hazardous effects and inflammation caused by diabetes on liver, pancreas and other tissues. CoQ10 suppressed the increments in plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, whereas it restored the reducing in anti-inflammatory cytokine levels arising due to diabetes. The obtained results from this study after CoQ10 application supported similar studies used CoQ10 application against deleterious effects of diabetes in animals and humans. Therefore, it is possible to say that CoQ10 may play important role in regulation of imbalance between inflammation markers in diabetes conditions and further studies are needed to clear the beneficial effects of CoQ10 treatment on the other inflammation markers in diabetes status.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of medical treatment in overcoming the ureteral double-J stent related symptoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugur Kuyumcuoglu ◽  
Bilal Eryildirim ◽  
Murat Tuncer ◽  
Gokhan Faydaci ◽  
Fatih Tarhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Double J Stent ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Stone Treatment ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Background: We investigated whether the frequency of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) increased in patients in whom double-J stents were applied. We also evaluated several medical therapy protocols to treat symptoms related with ureteral stents.Materials and Methods: A total of 108 patients, in whom unilateral double-j stent was applied during ureteral stone treatment, were included. Before the double-J stent was applied, all patients completed storage components of the “International Prostate Symptom Score” (IPSSs), quality of life components of the IPSS (IPSS-QOL) and “Overactive Bladder Questionnaire” (OABq) forms and scores were calculated. After the procedure, cases were randomized into 5 groups, an antiinflammatory was given to Group 1, spasmolytic to Group 2, anticholinergic to Group 3 and α-blocker to Group 4. No additional drug was given to Group 5 as this control group. During the fourth week of the procedure, IPSSs, IPSS-QOL and OABq forms were again completed and scores were compared with the previous ones.Results: When all the cases were evaluated, the IPSSs, IPSS-QOLand OABq scores of patients in whom the double-J stent was applied were statistically significantly higher the procedure. Compared to the control group, the cases where the double-J stent was applied showed a higher IPSSs, IPSS-QOL and OABq scores and none of the medical therapies could prevent this increase.Interpretation: The frequency of LUTS increased in cases where the ureteral stent was applied and discomfort continued as long as the stent stayed in the body.

scholarly journals Zingerone Ameliorates Hepatotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julietpoornamathy J ◽  
Parameswari C.S.
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Group 1

In medical sciences, toxicity is an area wherein extensive studies have been carried to improve the diseases as well as to prevent. So, there is a high requirement for novel and improved alternative therapeutic strategies to manage diseases. The liver is the largest gland in the body, which executes several important mechanisms; it stores minerals and vitamins and releases them in periods of need. The main aim of this study was to give a closer insight into potent non- toxic compounds that is capable of modifying the responses. Animals were divided into five equal groups viz control (Group 1), administered with food and water ad libitum, (Group 2) administered with olive oil, (Group 3) administered with zingerone, (Group 4) administered with concanavalin A, (Group 5) administered with cyclosporine A followed by zingerone. Our results revealed significant changes in liver marker enzymes and liver histology of zingerone treated rats when compared to control rats.  A corollary, zingerone has no toxic effect on hepatocytes and was found to be safe at a dose of 10mg/kg b wt and also ameliorates hepatotoxicity.

Bond Integrity of Titanium Surface to Resin Cement After Conditioning with Different Photobiomodulataion Therapy (PBT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 970-975
Author(s):  
Khold Al Ahdal ◽  
Laila Al Deeb ◽  
Mohammed S. Bin-Shuwaish ◽  
Rana S. Al-Hamdan ◽  
Modhi Al Deeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of interfacial bonding between resin cement and titanium alloy conditioned with different Photobiomodulataion Therapy (PBT) in comparison with conventional regimes. Seventy-five samples of titanium bar were segmented polished; and based on conditioning regime divided into five groups (15 each specimens). Group 1: No treatment (control), Group 2: Sand blasting with 120 µm Al2O3, Group 3: Er,Cr:YSGG (ECL), Group 4: Er:YAG laser (EYL), Group 5: Nd:YAG laser (NYL). After different conditioning regimes, resin cement was mixed and applied. All specimens were thermocycled for 500 cycles and positioned on universal testing machine for shear bond strength testing. Modes of failure was assessed by a single examiner using stereomicroscope at 40× magnification. Three pairs of specimens in each group were sputter coated and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were taken at 1000× magnification using 20 Kv. The highest SBS values were observed in group 2 (14.25±2.29 MPa) and the lowest bond values were displayed in group 1 (6.98 ±0.59 MPa). Titanium alloy abutments conditioned with different laser prototypes ECL (11.22±1.40 MPa), EYL (9.29±1.22 MPa) and NYL (9.12 ±1.84 MPa) exhibited comparable SBS (p > 0.05). Adhesive failures were primarily dominant among all experimental groups. Photo-biomodulation in the form of ECL lasers has the potential to be used as a supplement to sandblasting procedure in conditioning of cement retained titanium alloy implant abutments.

scholarly journals FE-SEM Evaluation of Dental Specimens Prepared by Different Methods forIn VitroContamination

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Vitor Cesar Nakamura ◽  
Simony Hidee Hamoy Kataoka ◽  
Giulio Gavini ◽  
Patrícia Helena Ferrari ◽  
Silvana Cai
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Ultrasonic Bath ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Cement Removal ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. To evaluate through FE-SEM the cleanliness and dentinal alterations promoted by different methods of dental sample preparation.Methods. Twenty-five human single-rooted teeth were used. The teeth were cleaned and autoclaved in wet medium and randomly divided into 5 groups (), according to the preparation methods employed—control group: no solutions applied; group 1: cement removal and irrigation with 5.25% % EDTA for 4 minutes each; group 2: 17%  % NaOCl (4 minutes ultrasonic bath); group 3: cement removal and 17%     buffer solution + distilled water (10 minutes ultrasonic); group 4: 17%   NaOCl (3 minutes ultrasonic bath). Specimens were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), at 1500x magnification. Data were submitted to qualitative analysis according to a scoring system and submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test.Results. In ascending order, as to bind parameters, (i) cleanliness: control, group 2, group 3, group 5, and group 4, (ii) dentinal alterations: group 1, group 5, group 2, group 3, and group 4.Conclusion. The proposed protocol was suitable for subsequent microbiological contamination, because it showed less dentinal morphological alterations with increased removal of organic waste.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Various Restoration Techniques on Internal Adaptation of Composites in Class V Cavities

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dionysopoulos ◽  
C. Papadopoulos ◽  
E. Koliniotou-Koumpia
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class V ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Restoration Techniques ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Internal Adaptation ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different restoration techniques on the formation of internal microgaps between materials and dentin in class V restorations.Materials and Methods.Twenty-five extracted human premolars were prepared with standardized class V cavity outlines (3 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm). The cavities were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 cavities each and restored according to manufacturer’s instructions: Group 1: preheating (55°C) conventional composite (Filtek Z250), Group 2: flowable composite (Filtek Flow), Group 3: Filtek Flow + Filtek Z250 light-cured separately, Group 4: Filtek Flow + Filtek Z250 light-cured simultaneously, and Group 5 (control): Filtek Z250 at room temperature (23°C). The specimens were then thermocycled and cross-sectioned through the center of the restoration. Subsequently, impressions were taken, and epoxy resin replicas were made. The internal adaptation of the materials to the axial wall was analyzed under SEM.Results.The preheated Filtek Z250 (Group 1) showed better internal adaptation than the room temperature groups(P<0.05). The combination of Filtek Flow with Filtek Z250 which was light-cured separately (Group 3) exhibited better internal adaptation than control group(P<0.05).Conclusion.Different restoration techniques exhibit different behavior regarding internal adaptation to dentin after photopolymerization.

Cyclosporine Dose, Serum Trough Levels, and Allograft Preservation in a Rat Model of Laryngeal Transplantation

2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Haug ◽  
Michael Fritz ◽  
Olivia Dan ◽  
Robert R. Lorenz ◽  
Sophie Wimberley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Serum Trough ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Trough Levels ◽  
Group 1

Using a rat model of laryngeal transplantation, we sought to define the relationships between acute laryngeal rejection grade (RG) and cyclosporin A (CSA) concentration and CSA dosage. Five recipient Lewis rat groups (N = 10 per group) were administered intramuscular CSA doses of 1.0 (group 1), 2.5 (group 2), 5.0 (group 3), 7.5 (group 4), and 10 mg/kg per day (group 5) for 14 days. Immediately before sacrifice, 5 mL of whole blood was obtained to assay CSA trough levels by high-performance liquid chromatography. The specimens were graded microscopically by blinded reviewers by day of RG, 0 to 14 days after transplantation, as described in earlier reports. Despite high intragroup variability in CSA levels, significantly different mean CSA concentrations were achieved among all CSA dosage groups: 1,2,3,4, and 5 (.0001 < p < .02). The mean laryngeal RGs did not test significantly different from each other with groups 3, 4, and 5 (RG, 2.3 ± 1.3 versus 1.9 ± 1.1 versus 1.7 ±0.3, respectively, .2 < p < .6). The RG for group 1 was significantly greater than those for groups 2 through 5 (p < .001), and the group 2 RG was greater (p < .02) than those for groups 3, 4, and 5. Polynomial fitting was used to determine the continuous relationship between each individual specimen's CSA concentration and the RG. Significant pathological allograft rejection correlated with CSA concentrations below 250 ng/mL.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the oral hypoglycemic activity of methanolic extract of Garcinia indica seeds in streptozotocin induced diabetic Albino rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147
Author(s):  
Padmaja Shetty K. ◽  
Pushpa V. H.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Hypoglycemic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Garcinia Indica ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Diabetic Control Group ◽  
Group 5

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disorder with several microvascular and macrovascular complications. Several plants have been used as dietary adjuvants to conventional drug therapy. Garcinia indica exhibits significant hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of methanolic extract of seeds of Garcinia indica on blood glucose levels in Streptozotocin induced diabetic albino rats.Methods: Five groups of wistar albino rats (n=6) weighing 150-200g of either sex aged 3-4 months were obtained for the study. After overnight fasting, streptozotocin (50mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. Five groups are: Group-1: Non diabetic control group, Group-2: diabetic control, Group-3: diabetic standard, Group-4: test group, Group-5: half of test + half of standard. Fasting blood sugar was estimated on 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28th day by capillary blood glucose method. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.Results: In this study, following Streptozotocin administration the blood glucose levels increased in all groups on day 0. In group 2, blood glucose level gradually increased to 445.6±1.75mg/dl over a period of 4 weeks. Following glibenclamide administration in Group 3 - there was a gradual reduction in blood glucose levels: 269.8mg/dl - day 7 to 101.8mg/dl - week 4. Group 4 - persistent and significant (p<0.05) fall in blood glucose levels reaching upto 107mg/dl at the end of 4 weeks. Group 5 - 330mg/dl on day 1 which significantly (p<0.05) reduced to 101mg/dl on day 28. There was improvement in weight in group 4 and group 5 diabetic rats.Conclusions: The extract alone and in combination with glibenclamide showed significant hypoglycemic activity in comparison to diabetic control group.

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