scholarly journals Isolation and chemical characterization of collagen in bovine pulmonary tissues

1975 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Francis ◽  
J Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Pancreatic Elastase ◽  
Insoluble Collagen ◽  
Interstitial Collagens ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

1. The contents of the fibrous proteins collagen and elastin in the pleural and parenchymal regions of bovine lungs were determined. The collagen content was approx. 70% (g/100g of salt-extracted defatted powder) in each tissue, and the elastin content was 28% in pleura and 13.5% in parenchyma. 2. Purification of the insoluble collagen from the pleura and parenchyma of bovine lungs by various methods was attempted. The collagen fractions isolated after incubation of the pulmonary tissues with the proteolytic enzymes collagenase (“collagenase-soluble” fraction) or pancreatic elastase (“elastase-insoluble” fraction) each contained approx. 87% of the total collagen initially present. 3. Both collagen fractions were chemically analysed for their amino acid and carbohydrate contents and were found to be similar to those of the intact interstitial collagens isolated from skin, bone and tendon. 4. The contents of the two aldimine cross-linking compounds, dehydrohydroxylysinonorleucine and dehydrodihydroxylysinonorleucine, were determined in the bovine pulmonary collagen fractions, and were found to decrease with increasing age of the animals, and were similar to the values found in intact collagens from bone and tendon.

scholarly journals Partial chemical characterization of antigenic preparations of chromoblastomycosis agents

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Fraga BARROS ◽  
Maria Aparecida de RESENDE
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipid ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Lipid Contents ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents ◽  
Partial Chemical

Antigenic preparations (saline, methylic, metabolic and exoantigens) of four agents of chromoblastomycosis, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladophialophora (Cladosporium) carrionii and Rhinocladiella aquaspersa were obtained. Partial chemical characterization of these antigenic preparations was obtained by determination of the levels of total lipids, protein, and carbohydrates, and identification of the main sterols and carbohydrates. Methylic antigens presented the highest lipid contents, whereas metabolic antigens showed the highest carbohydrate content. Total lipid, protein, and carbohydrate levels were in the range of 2.33 to 2.00mg/ml, 0.04 to 0.02 mg/ml and 0.10 to 0.02 mg/ml, respectively, in the methylic antigens and in the range of 0.53 to 0.18mg/ml, 0.44 to 0.26mg/ml, and 1.82 to 1.02 mg/ml, respectively, in saline antigens. Total lipid, protein, and carbohydrate contents were in the range of 0.55 to 0.20mg/ml, 0.69 to 0.57mg/ml and 10.73 to 5.93mg/ml, respectively, in the metabolic antigens, and in the range of 0.55 to 0.15mg/ml, 0.62 to 0.20mg/ml and 3.55 to 0.42mg/ml, respectively, in the exoantigens. Phospholipids were not detected in the preparations. Saline and metabolic antigens and exoantigens presented hexose and the methylic antigen revealed additional pentose units in their composition. The UV light absorption spectra of the sterols revealed squalene and an ergosterol fraction in the antigens. The characterization of these antigenic preparations may be useful for serological evaluation of patients of chromoblastomycosis.

Fractionation and characterization of lignin carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) of Eucalyptus globulus in residues left after MWL isolation. Part I: Analyses of hemicellulose-lignin fraction (HC-L)

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Miyagawa ◽  
Ooki Takemoto ◽  
Toshiyuki Takano ◽  
Hiroshi Kamitakahara ◽  
Fumiaki Nakatsubo
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Milled Wood Lignin ◽  
Cellulose Solvent ◽  
Lignin Fraction ◽  
Subsequent Deacetylation

Abstract The residual wood meal left after milled wood lignin (MWL) isolation (MWR) was extracted with the cellulose solvent lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) to obtain a soluble fraction (C-L) and an insoluble fraction (C-L-residue). The C-L-residue was further extracted with the hemicellulose solvent 3 M NaOH to give a soluble fraction named hemicellulose-lignin fraction (HC-L) with 21.3% yield based on MWR. It was found that HC-L was composed of xylan, cellulose and lignin with abundant S-type β-O-4 substructures. HC-L lignin was bonded to HC-L cellulose or HC-L hemicelluloses or both. The method, which comprised acetylation for hardwood xylan (by acetic anhydride/pyridine/formamide) and extraction with chloroform, was found to be effective for selective xylan acetate fractionation. HC-L was further fractionated by the same method and subsequent deacetylation to give a xylan-lignin fraction (X-L) in 11.3% yield based on HC-L. X-L was composed mainly of xylan and lignin with abundant S-type β-O-4 substructures, and bonded to X-L xylan. X-L is considered as a promising fraction for elucidation of the structure of lignin-carbohydrate linkages.

State-of-the-Art Review : Antithrombotic Agents from Hematophagous Animals

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Markwardt
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Medicinal Leeches

Bloodsucking animals produce anticoagu lantly effective substances that are a challenge to coagu lation studies. In the past 40 years efforts have been fo cused on the isolation and chemical characterization of such agents as well as on the clarification of their modes of action. Following the success in the development of the anticoagulant agent hirudin from medicinal leeches, these naturally occurring anticoagulants were recently in vestigated as a source of antithrombotics for pharmaceu tical use. These polypeptides or miniproteins were shown to be specific inhibitors of certain coagulation factors that block either the formation or the effect of thrombin or are supported by substances that inhibit the aggregation and adhesion of blood platelets and by proteolytic enzymes with fibrinolytic activity. By advances in biotechnology of protein-like substances, especially gene technology, these antithrombotics have been obtained in amounts suf ficient for preclinical and clinical studies. Thus, the in vestigation of the anticoagulant agents from hematopha gous animals offers a new line of research in antithrom botic drugs. Key Words: Bloodsucking animals— Naturally occurring anticoagulants—Fibrinolytics and platelet inhibitors.

Fractionation and characterization of lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) of Eucalyptus globulus in residues left after MWL isolation. Part II: Analyses of xylan-lignin fraction (X-L)

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Miyagawa ◽  
Hiroshi Kamitakahara ◽  
Toshiyuki Takano
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Lignin Fraction ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra ◽  
Carbohydrate Complex ◽  
Acetic Acid Lignin

Abstract The residual wood meal left after milled wood lignin (MWL) isolation [milled wood residue (MWR)] of 5-year-old Eucalyptus globulus was fractionated to afford a xylan-lignin fraction (X-L) in 2.9% yield (based on MWR) by the method reported previously. X-L was further fractionated with the lignin solvent 1,4-dioxane/water (9:1, v/v) to give a soluble fraction (XL-F1; 24.0%) and an insoluble fraction (XL-F1-residue; 74.6%; both yields based on X-L). XL-F1-residue was further extracted with the good xylan solvent dimethyl sulfoxide and the soluble fraction was termed XL-F2 (43.0%; based on the XL-F1-residue). XL-F1 was mainly composed of lignin with a small amount of xylan and it is similar to purified MWL, whereas XL-F2 was mainly composed of xylan with some amount of lignin and it is similar to a fraction that was prepared by the extraction of crude MWL with acetic acid [lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC)-AcOH]. The two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of XL-F1 and XL-F2 were interpreted that the former has α-ether-type lignin-carbohydrate (LC) linkages and the latter might have LC linkages of the phenyl glycoside type, which are different from those in LCC-AcOH.

scholarly journals Protein concentrates obtained from pig by-products using pH-shifting technique: a preliminary study

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudine Garcia Chaves da Costa ◽  
Marielle Maria de Oliveira Paula ◽  
Armando Abel Massingue ◽  
Robledo de Almeida Torres Filho ◽  
Eduardo Mendes Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Ph Shifting ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Solubility Profiles ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the extraction and characterization of protein concentrates from pig by-products (heart, liver and kidneys) using the pH-shifting technique. From the solubility profiles (pH 2 to 12), the protein extraction was performed at alkaline pH (10.0 to 11.5), obtaining two fractions: soluble (SC) and insoluble (IC). Higher protein content (71 to 77%) and extractability (214 to 459 mg/g) were observed in heart and liver concentrates; whereas, for water holding capacity (WHC) the highest values (4.20 to 4.54 g water/g protein) were for the heart (SC) and kidney (SC and IC) concentrates. All concentrates had high emulsion stability and higher WHC than commercial protein extenders (whey and soybean). The concentrates obtained from the soluble fraction were redder (higher a* values and lower h values) and darker (lower L* values) than insoluble fraction, especially heart and liver concentrates. Use of concentrates in sausage production slightly altered the color chroma (C*) of samples. It was concluded that the pig by-products protein concentrates had great potential of use as extenders in sausage production.

scholarly journals Collagen cross-linking compounds in human urine

1981 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeenat Gunja-Smith ◽  
Robert J. Boucek
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Collagen Cross Linking

We report the isolation and chemical characterization of collagen cross-linking compounds, 3-hydroxypyridinium and dihydroxylysinonorleucine, from human urine.

Olfactory and Chemical Characterization of Indoor Air-Towards a Psychophysical Model for Air Quality

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Berglund ◽  
Ulf Berglund ◽  
Thomas Lindvall ◽  
Helene Nicander-Bredberg
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Chemical Characterization
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