scholarly journals Water-soluble metabolites of p-nitrophenol and 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate in flies and grass grubs. Formation of glucose phosphate and phosphate conjugates

1974 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
M P Heenan ◽  
J N Smith
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Mixed Melting Point ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Glucose Phosphate

Metabolites isolated from houseflies dosed with 1-napththol or p-nitrophenol were identified as the phosphate and glucose phosphate conjugates of these phenols by titrations, hydrolysis, ionophoresis, i.r. spectra and mixed melting point. [3H]Carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) was metabolized by houseflies, blowflies and grass grubs to water-soluble metabolites which had chromatographic and ionophoretic behaviour similar to those of the conjugates of 1-naphthol with glucose, sulphate, phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate.

THE YELLOW COLORING MATTER OF KHAPLI WHEAT, TRITICUM DICOCCUM: II. THE CONSTITUTION OF TRICETIN

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ansel Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Related Compound ◽  
Mixed Melting Point ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Coloring Matter ◽  
Color Reactions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Derivatives Of

Khapli wheat leaves contain a very small quantity of a trihydroxydimethoxyflavone, tricin. Marquis yields a trace of the same compound. These two varieties also contain water-soluble coloring matters which are apparently glucosides of tricin or of a closely related compound. Dyeing tests carried out with six other wheat varieties indicate that all contain essentially the same coloring matters.Methylation of tricin and hydrolysis of the resulting O-trimethyltricin yielded 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone. It was therefore assumed that tricetin, the pentahydroxyflavone derived from tricin, was 5,7,3′,4′,5′-pentahydroxyflavone. This was synthesized from 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid and phloracetophenone by the Allan-Robinson method. Mixed melting-point determinations showed that its O-pentamethyl and O-penta-acetyl derivatives are identical with the corresponding derivatives of tricetin. The dyeing properties and color reactions of synthetic and natural tricetin are identical and are in fair agreement with those described by Badhwar, Kang and Ventkataraman (3, p. 1111) who recently reported the synthesis of the same compound.

THE NORMAL C17 FATTY ACIDS OF MUSK-OX FAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1434-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Chisholm ◽  
C. Y. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Mixed Melting Point ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Heptadecanoic Acid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Trans Form ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Musk Ox

A sample of body fat of the Canadian musk ox (Ovibosmoschatus subsp.) was converted to methyl esters and distilled. The fraction containing esters of C17 acids was crystallized fractionally at low temperature and two straight-chain C17 acids were isolated. n-Heptadecanoic acid was identified by analysis, by mixed melting point of the acid and two derivatives with authentic samples, and by its X-ray diffraction pattern. 9-Heptadecenoic acid was identified by analysis, by mixed melting point of two derivatives with authentic samples, and by oxidative cleavage. It is estimated that the fat contained 1.7% of n-heptadecanoic acid and 0.9% of cis-9-heptadecenoic acid, based on the total fatty acids. Although there was an appreciable content of trans acids in the fat, the heptadecenoic acid was found to contain little or none of the trans form.

scholarly journals Research on the Preparation Parameters and Basic Properties of Premelted Calcium Aluminate Slag Prepared from Secondary Aluminum Dross

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5855
Author(s):  
Shaoyan Hu ◽  
Deyong Wang ◽  
Dong Hou ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Xianglong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Calcium Aluminate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Secondary Aluminum ◽  
Phase Component ◽  
Aluminum Dross ◽  
Leaching Toxicity ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Main Component

Secondary aluminum dross is a byproduct of the electrolytic aluminum industry, whose main components are Al2O3, AlN and Na3AlF6. Secondary aluminum dross is a type of hazardous waste, with a tremendous yield every year. Realizing the harmless treatment or resource utilization of secondary aluminum dross has important economic and social benefits. In the present research, the process of preparing premelted calcium aluminate slag used for molten steel refining from secondary aluminum dross was studied in detail. Firstly, the chemical composition and phase component of secondary aluminum dross were analyzed systematically. Then, according to phase diagram analysis and melting point measurement, the appropriate mixing ratio of CaO and secondary aluminum dross and the appropriate calcination temperature were determined. On this basis, an experiment of premelted calcium aluminate slag preparation was carried out in a tubular resistance furnace. The phase component and micromorphology of the premelted slag were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The results show that the main component of the premelted calcium aluminate slag is 11CaO·7Al2O3·CaF2 phase with a low melting point. The original Na3AlF6 phase, which is the cause of leachable fluoride in secondary aluminum dross, disappears totally, and there is no water-soluble fluoride detected in the leaching toxicity detection. The research indicates that the process of preparing premelted calcium slag from secondary aluminum dross is feasible, which provides a helpful reference for the resource utilization of secondary aluminum dross.

scholarly journals Formulation Development to Enhance the Solubility of Metoclopramide Base Drug by Solid Dispersion and Evaluation of Transdermal Film

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Goutam Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Rahul Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Ankita Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Shymodip Kundu ◽  
Banerjee Shreya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Solid Dispersion ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Dissolution Study ◽  
Phase Solubility Study ◽  
Metoclopramide Hydrochloride ◽  
Pvp K30

Aims & Objectives: The present work deals with the modification of controlled release dosage form of poorly water soluble drug (Metoclopramide hydrochloride) in order to improve the bioavailability and to control drug release for a longer period of time by the aid of solid dispersion. Methods: Various binary combination of MET-solid dispersion was prepared with different carriers such as HPβCD, PVP K30 and PLX-188 by solvent evaporation technique and then the aqueous solubility, dissolution study and phase solubility study was performed. DSC analysis is performed to carry out for metoclopramide loaded solid dispersion, physical mixture & also for pure drug to analyze the crystalline and amorphous nature of compounds. Results and Discussion:  The saturation solubility of Metoclopramide with various carriers at different pH was performed and found that in pH 5.5 (solubility is 5553.2µg/ml), pH 6.8 (3363.3µ/ml), pH 7.4 (1367.3µg/ml) at 37oC. In dissolution study of solid dispersion (5:1) of different carriers in DDW, the Cumulative % dissolution is found in the order of PVP K30>PLX-Met>HPβCD-Met & in pH 7.4, in the order of PLX-Met>PVP K30>HPβCD-Met. DSC thermogram of Metoclopramide base showed a sharp endothermic peak at its melting point (147oC) which exhibits in crystalline form complying with that of Metoclopramide hydrochloride form, melting point was found to be 850C.  In the ex-vivo study of several transdermal patches, patch C [SD of MET: HPβCD (1:5)] showed the controlled release and permeation of drug. Conclusion: Poor solubility of new chemical entities being a well known problem for past few decades despite the imbalance between significant research efforts & few successful marketed formulations, the solid dispersion proves to hold a key position among all the various formulation strategies to enhance the aqueous solubility & dissolution rate and thereby the bioavailability of  poorly aqueous solubility of drug. Keywords: Bioavailability,DSC, Metoclopramide hydrochloride, solid dispersion, HPβCD,

scholarly journals Characterization of adult Dicrocoelium dendriticum by isoelectric focusing

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Campo ◽  
M.Y. Manga-González ◽  
C. González-Lanza ◽  
D. Rollinson ◽  
H. Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
North West ◽  
Dicrocoelium Dendriticum ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Ph Range

AbstractWater soluble extracts of 3131 adult specimens of Dicrocoelium dendriticum from cattle, sheep and goats, mainly from León province, were analysed by isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide gels. Activity of the following enzymes was studied: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI, EC 5.3.1.9), phosphoglucomutase (PGM, EC 2.7.5.1), acid phosphatase (AcP, EC 3.1.3.2), α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPDH, EC 1.1.1.8), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH, EC 1.1.1.30) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH, 1.1.1.37). Five distinct enzyme types were recognized for LDH (pH range 6.30–7.13), GPI (pH 6.13–6.80) and PGM (pH 6.20–6.60) whereas AcP showed three different patterns (pH 5.70–5.92). Weak and diffuse activity was detected for MDH (pH 4.8–6.2) and no activity was observed for α-GPDH and HBDH. In general, little phenotypic variation was observed between worms recovered from a single host, between those from hosts of the same species and between those from hosts of different species, although some enzyme types were found in some animals but not others. Nevertheless, it must be taken into account that most parasites came from sheep and also from a relatively small area in north-west Spain.

scholarly journals BIOAVAILABILITY AND DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT OF GLYBURIDE NANOSUSPENSION

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
PRADEEP KUMAR M
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dissolution Enhancement ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Chromatography Method

Objective: The main objective was to develop nanosuspension of glyburide (GLY) by quasi emulsification solvent diffusion method and to enhance dissolution and bioavailability characteristics of the drug GLY, an antidiabetic drug which belongs to Biopharmaceutical Classification System-II category. Materials and Methods: In this work, nanoparticles were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and Eudragit RL100. Twelve formulations of GLY (GLY-1–GLY-12) were formulated using the excipients at various compositions. Drug and excipient compatibility studies were conducted using Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimeter. The prepared nanosuspension was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy for surface of the particle analysis, melting point, solubility, particle charge zeta (mv), percentage drug entrapment efficiency (%), and in vitro drug release. The optimized formulations of nanosuspension were further studied for in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed, validated, and used for the study of these formulations in rat plasma. Results: From these studies, it was confirmed that drugs and excipients chosen were compatible with each other. GLY-8 was the best formulation with a particle size of 85–96 nm with 168.7°C melting point, freely soluble in phosphate buffer pH 7.4, 93.53% drug entrapment, and 90.26±1 mV of zeta potential. This formulation shows percentage drug release of 99.85% in 24 h. In vivo pharmacokinetic study for optimized formulation (GLY -8) suggested that there was no reaction with the rat plasma. From the results, it was shown that Cmax and Tmax were found to be 0.604±0.03 μg/ml and 2±1.01 h, respectively. The values of t1/2 (h), area under the curve (AUC) (0-t), and AUC (0-∞) were found to be 10.04 h, 2.562±0.41 μg.h/ml, and 2.147±0.45 μg.h/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, oral administration of nanosuspension could not only provide the better absorption of poorly water soluble drugs but may also reduce toxicity and provide a new tool in drug delivery system.

scholarly journals Invertebrate connective tissue. Isolation of d-arabinose from sponge acidic polysaccharide

1970 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Katzman ◽  
Elwira Lisowska ◽  
Roger W. Jeanloz
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Mixed Melting Point ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Rare Sugar ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide

1. d-Arabinose, an extremely rare sugar in the animal kingdom, was isolated from a complex acidic polysaccharide obtained from the connective tissue of the sponge Hippospongia gossypina. A crystalline derivative of arabinose, the 1-benzyl-1-phenylhydrazone, was prepared and characterized by its melting point, optical rotation, and mixed melting point with authentic d- and l-enantiomers. 2. The distribution of arabinose within the animal kingdom is discussed, and a biological role is proposed for the spongonucleotides.

THE IDENTIFICATION OF A NINHYDRIN-POSITIVE URINARY COMPONENT RECENTLY REPORTED IN HYPOPHOSPHATASIA

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1123-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Fraser ◽  
C. C. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Mixed Melting Point ◽  
Infrared Absorption Spectrum ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Unequivocal Identification ◽  
Affected Infant

In 1955, the occurrence of a hitherto unreported ninhydrin-positive substance in the urine and plasma of infants suffering from hypophosphatasia was described. Evidence published at that time and subsequently suggested that the material might be phosphorylethanolamine, but the isolation and unequivocal identification of the substance has not been reported.The present paper describes the isolation of a small amount of the previously unidentified compound from the urine of the heterozygous father of a seriously affected infant. The melting point, mixed melting point, X-ray diffraction pattern, infrared absorption spectrum, and N: P ratio establish the identity of the substance to be phosphorylethanolamine. Proof that this compound occurs in hypophosphatasia provides a logical basis for further study of the metabolic importance of this substance.

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