scholarly journals Investigation of the effect of data error on the determination of physiological parameters by means of compartmental analysis

1972 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Data Error

scholarly journals Estimate of FDG Excretion by means of Compartmental Analysis and Ant Colony Optimization of Nuclear Medicine Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Garbarino ◽  
Giacomo Caviglia ◽  
Massimo Brignone ◽  
Michela Massollo ◽  
Gianmario Sambuceti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Glycolytic Activity

[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) is one of the most utilized tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) applications in oncology. FDG-PET relies on higher glycolytic activity in tumors compared to normal structures as the basis of image contrast. As a glucose analog, FDG is transported into malignant cells which typically exhibit an increased radioactivity. However, different from glucose, FDG is not reabsorbed by the renal system and is excreted to the bladder. The present paper describes a novel computational method for the quantitative assessment of this excretion process. The method is based on a compartmental analysis of FDG-PET data in which the excretion process is explicitly accounted for by the bladder compartment and on the application of an ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm for the determination of the tracer coefficients describing the FDG transport effectiveness. The validation of this approach is performed by means of both synthetic data and real measurements acquired by a PET device for small animals (micro-PET). Possible oncological applications of the results are discussed in the final section.

An LC-MS/MS method for determination of triple drugs combination of valsartan, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma for bioequivalence study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Said ◽  
Basel Arafat ◽  
Tawfiq Arafat ◽  
Eyad Mallah
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bioequivalence Study ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Combination Tablet ◽  
Long Term Storage

Background: Current guidelines for the treatment of hypertension recommends the combination therapy which should control of blood pressure and enhance cardiovascular protection. Materials and Methods: A sensitive, reliable and selective tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed for simultaneous quantification of amlodipine (AML), valsartan (VAL) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in human plasma. The chromatographic system was equipped with ACE 5 C8 (50 X 2.1 mm) column and utilized a mobile phase composition of 0.5 mM Ammonium Chloride & 0.04% FA-Methanol (45:55% v/v). The method used three internal standards; AML-D4,HCTZ-D2 C13 and VAL-D3 with 10% intra- and inter-day precision, 6% bias for all the analytes. Results: The assay found to be linear with R¬2 > 0.998, the limits of quantification for AML, VAL and HCTZ were 0.2, 50.0 and 2.0 ng/mL respectively. The analytes were found to be stable in plasma samples over short and long term storage. : The developed method is rapid with a run time of 3.5 min and cost effective since simple sample preparation method is adopted. The developed method was successfully applied for bioequivalence study determination of AML, VAL, and HCTZ in human plasma after administration of fixed-dose combination tablet of (10/160/25 mg). Pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax and AUC0-72) for AML and (Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞) for VAL and HCTZ was used for bioequivalence assessment. These were determined by using non-compartmental analysis from concentration data. Conclusion: The result showed 90% confidence intervals (obtained by ANOVA) were within the predefined ranges. As consequence, this method can be successfully applied for measuring and quantifying large number of samples.

scholarly journals Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of two tylosin formulations in chickens after oral administration

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
EHAB A ABU-BASHA ◽  
AHMAD F. AL-SHUNNAQ ◽  
RONETTE GEHRING
Keyword(s):  
Dose Level ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Overnight Fasting ◽  
Group 3

The pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of two tylosin formulations was carried out in broiler chickens according to a single dose, randomized, parallel design. The two formulations of tylosin (Tylosina® and Tylan®) were given orally at a dose level of 25 mg/kg b.w. after an overnight fasting (n=15 chicken/group). To calculate tylosin bioavailability, fifteen more chickens was assigned as group 3 and was given a single intravenous dose of tylosin (25 mg/kg b.w.). Serial blood samples were collected at different time points up to 24 hour post-drug  administration. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used for the determination of tylosin concentrations in chicken plasma. The pharmacokinetics analysis of the data was performed using non-compartmental analysis based on statistical moment theory with the help of commercially available software (WinNonlin®, Pharsight Corporation, Cary, NC, USA). There were no significant differences in the Cmax (3.05±0.63, 2.63±0.74 μg/ml), tmax (2.36±0.42, 2.30±0.38 h), t1/2β (1.99±0.38, 2.67±0.60 h), AUC0-12h (6.11±0.97, 5.37±1.16 μg.h/ml), AUC0-∞ (6.38±0.94, 5.57±1.15 μg.h/ml), MRT (3.53±0.24, 3.67±0.32 h), ClB/F (90.59±13.81,  169.38±54.44 ml/min/kg) and Vdz/F (16.85±4.74, 43.96±18.24 l/kg) between Tylosina® and Tylan®, respectively. The calculated oral bioavailability (F) for Tylosina® and Tylan® were 40.56 and 35.41%, respectively. Moreover, the relative bioavailability of  Tylosina® was 113.9% when compared to Tylan®. In conclusion, Tylosina® is comparable to Tylan® and both formulations can be used for treatment of susceptible microorganisms in veterinary medicine practice at a dose level of 25 mg/kg b.w.

scholarly journals Current views on non-invasive in vivo determination of physiological parameters of the stratum corneum using confocal Raman microspectroscopy

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim E. Darvin ◽  
Johannes Schleusener ◽  
Jürgen Lademann ◽  
Chun-Sik Choe
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Raman Microspectroscopy ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Intercellular Lipids ◽  
Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy ◽  
Confocal Raman

Confocal Raman microspectroscopy is widely used in dermatology and cosmetology for analysis of the concentration of skin components (lipids, natural moisturizing factor molecules, water) and the penetration depth of cosmetic/medical formulations in the human stratum corneum (SC) in vivo. In recent years, it was shown that confocal Raman microspectroscopy can also be used for non-invasive in vivo depth-dependent determination of the physiological parameters of the SC, such as lamellar and lateral organization of intercellular lipids, folding properties of keratin, water mobility and hydrogen bonding states. The results showed that the strongest skin barrier function, which is primarily manifested by the orthorhombic organization of intercellular lipids, is provided at ≈20–40% SC depth, which is related to the maximal bonding state of water with surrounding components in the SC. The secondary and tertiary structures of keratin determine water binding in the SC, which is depth-dependent. This paper shows the technical possibility and advantage of confocal Raman microspectroscopy in non-invasive investigation of the skin and summarizes recent results on in vivo investigation of the human SC.

scholarly journals Investigation of Five Algorithms for Selection of the Optimal Region of Interest in Smartphone Photoplethysmography

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Chao Peng ◽  
Wen-Rong Yan ◽  
Ning-Ling Zhang ◽  
Wan-Hua Lin ◽  
Xiao-Lin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Template Matching ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Home Healthcare ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Optimal Region ◽  
Subject Experiment ◽  
Parameters Measurement

Smartphone photoplethysmography is a newly developed technique that can detect several physiological parameters from the photoplethysmographic signal obtained by the built-in camera of a smartphone. It is simple, low-cost, and easy-to-use, with a great potential to be used in remote medicine and home healthcare service. However, the determination of the optimal region of interest (ROI), which is an important issue for extracting photoplethysmographic signals from the camera video, has not been well studied. We herein proposed five algorithms for ROI selection: variance (VAR), spectral energy ratio (SER), template matching (TM), temporal difference (TD), and gradient (GRAD). Their performances were evaluated by a 50-subject experiment comparing the heart rates measured from the electrocardiogram and those from the smartphone using the five algorithms. The results revealed that the TM and the TD algorithms outperformed the other three as they had less standard error of estimate (<1.5 bpm) and smaller limits of agreement (<3 bpm). The TD algorithm was slightly better than the TM algorithm and more suitable for smartphone applications. These results may be helpful to improve the accuracy of the physiological parameters measurement and to make the smartphone photoplethysmography technique more practical.

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