scholarly journals Sulphur utilization during growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens on potassium d-glucose 6-O-sulphate

1971 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Fitzgerald ◽  
K. S. Dodgson
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Major Metabolite ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Sulphur Source ◽  
Sulphate Sulphur

Pseudomonas fluorescens N.C.I.B. 8248 was adapted to grow on potassium d-glucose 6-O-sulphate as the sole carbon and sulphur source. Adapted bacteria grew optimally at 37°C on 1.6% (w/v) sulphate ester and growth coincided with the disappearance of the ester from the culture medium at a rate of 2.4mg/h per ml. Three sulphated compounds were detected in the culture fluid at the termination of growth. One of these was present in traces only and has not been identified. The second was present in somewhat greater amounts and was identified as the 6-O-sulphate ester of d-gluconate, and the major metabolite was identified as d-glycerate 3-O-sulphate. Sulphur utilization by the organism was not associated with the appearance of a glycosulphatase enzyme in the cells. However, a novel enzyme system (or systems) was present that liberated inorganic 35SO42− ions from dipotassium d-gluconate 6[35S]-O-sulphate and from dipotassium dl-glycerate 3[35S]-O-sulphate. Activity towards the latter substrate could not be detected when the adapted or parent Pseudomonas strain was cultured on d-glucose and potassium sulphate as respective carbon and sulphur sources. Some properties of the enzyme acting on the glycerate ester are recorded.

scholarly journals The glycosulphatase of Trichoderma viride

1968 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Lloyd ◽  
P J Large ◽  
M Davies ◽  
A H Olavesen ◽  
K S Dodgson
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Lag Period

The growth of the mould Trichoderma viride on a defined medium containing either potassium d-glucose 6-O-sulphate or potassium d-galactose 6-O-sulphate as sole sources of both carbon and sulphur is marked by the production of an enzyme system capable of liberating inorganic SO42− ions from either of the sulphate esters. The enzyme is not produced when the organism is grown with glucose (or galactose) and potassium sulphate or with glucose and methionine as sole sources of carbon and sulphur. Experimental conditions are described whereby inorganic SO42− ions liberated from potassium glucose 6-O-sulphate by the growing mould appear in the culture medium after a constant lag period of 21–24hr. The enzyme has been shown to be a simple glycosulphatase that is active towards the 6-O-sulphate esters of d-glucose and d-galactose but not towards potassium glucose 3-O-sulphate. The properties of the crude glycosulphatase show the enzyme to be appreciably different from analogous molluscan enzymes that can degrade monosaccharide sulphate esters.

scholarly journals Carbon and sulphur utilization during growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens on potassium d-glucose 6-O-sulphate as the sole sulphur source

1971 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Fitzgerald ◽  
K. S. Dodgson
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Cultural Condition ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Glucose Ester ◽  
Sulphur Source

Pseudomonas fluorescens N.C.I.B. 8248, cultured on potassium d-glucose 6[35S]-O-sulphate as the sole sulphur source, liberated the 6-O-sulphate ester of d-gluconate into the culture medium. Extracts of bacteria grown under this cultural condition oxidized d-glucose 6-O-sulphate to yield the gluconate ester. Results suggest the involvement of a glucose dehydrogenase-like enzyme. The gluconate ester was apparently not oxidized further to any significant extent; however, it served as substrate for a desulphating enzyme found in extracts. Growth on d-glucose 6-O-sulphate as the sole source of sulphur was not associated with the appearance of a true glycosulphatase. Collectively, these results suggest that d-gluconate 6-O-sulphate, rather than the glucose ester, supplied the necessary sulphur for growth. Oxidative activities toward d-glucose 6-O-sulphate, d-glucose, d-gluconate 6-O-sulphate and d-gluconate found in extracts of P. fluorescens adapted to grow on d-glucose 6-O-sulphate as the sole source of carbon and sulphur are presented for comparative purposes.

2,3,9-Trihydroxyphenazin-l-carbonsäure – ein unter Berylliumeinwirkung gebildetes neues Phenazinderivat aus Pseudomonas fluorescens [1] / 2,3,9-Trihydroxyphenazine- l -carboxylic Acid — a New Phenazine Derivative from Pseudomonas fluorescens Grown under Beryllium Stress [1]

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Taraz ◽  
E. M. Schaffner ◽  
H. Budzikiewicz ◽  
H. Korth ◽  
G. Pulverer
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Phenazine Derivative

In addition to phenazine, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, phenazine-1,6-dicarboxylic acid and 2,9-dihydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylic acid a new compound, viz. 2,3,9-trihydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylic acid could be isolated from the culture medium of Pseudomonas fluorescens grown under iron deficiency with beryllium added to the culture medium. Its structure elucidation is described.

scholarly journals CLONAL VARIATION IN PARAMECIUM. I. PERSISTENT UNSTABLE CLONES

Genetics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Irving Finger ◽  
Carol Heller ◽  
Linda Dilworth ◽  
Carolyn Von Allmen
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Fresh Culture

ABSTRACT Clones of Paramecium of identical serotype when cultured in test tubes may differ in their ability to give rise to subclones of this serotype. Characteristically, stable clones yield progeny indistinguishable from their parents, while from unstable clones diverse subclones with new serotypes can be isolated repeatedly. Stable lines are resistant to changes in culture medium and also are unaffected by most sera. In contrast, the numbers and kinds of serotypes displayed among subclones derived from unstable lines are often affected by these same agents. Stable and unstable clones are interconvertible when the medium from individual cultures is repeatedly and frequently replaced by fresh culture fluid. This effect is very likely a result of the removal of the initial exhausted medium with any cell products rather than the addition of fresh nutrient.

Responses of growth cones to changes in osmolality of the surrounding medium

1991 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-515
Author(s):  
D. Bray ◽  
N.P. Money ◽  
F.M. Harold ◽  
J.R. Bamburg
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Growth Cone ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
Osmotic Response ◽  
Upper Limits

The possible involvement of osmotically generated hydrostatic pressure in driving actin-rich extensions of the cell surface was examined using cultures of chick neurons. Estimation of the excess internal osmotic pressure of chick neural tissue by vapor pressure deficit osmometry, and of the excess internal hydrostatic pressure in cultured chick neurons using a calibrated pressure pipette, gave upper limits of 10 mosM and 0.1 atmosphere (1 atmosphere = 101325 Pa), respectively. Increases in the osmolality of the medium surrounding cultured neurons by addition of sucrose, mannitol or polyethylene glycol by amounts that should eliminate any internal pressure not only failed to arrest the growth of filopodia but caused them to increase in length up to twofold in 3–5 min. Lamellipodia remained unchanged following hyperosmotic shifts of 20 mosM, but higher levels caused a small decrease in area. Reduction of osmolality by the addition of water to the culture fluid down to 50% of its normal value failed to show any detectable change in either filopodial length or lamellipodia area. These observations argue against an osmotic mechanism for growth cone extension and show that the growth of filopodia, in particular, is unlikely to be driven by osmotically generated hydrostatic pressure. In contrast to the short-term effects on growth cone morphology, the slower elongation of the neuritic cylinder showed a consistent osmotic response. Growth rates were reduced following addition of osmolytes and increased in rate (as much as sixfold) following addition of water to the culture medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Detection Method for Histamine-Producing, Dairy-Related Bacteria using Diamine Oxidase and Leucocrystal Violet

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN S. SUMNER ◽  
STEVE L. TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Diamine Oxidase ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Leucocrystal Violet ◽  
Purple Color

A detection method for histamine-producing, dairy-related bacteria was developed that involves a two-step sequential enzyme system. First, isolated bacteria are incubated in MRS broth or trypticase soy broth fortified with histidine. The histamine formed during this incubation period is reacted with diamine oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of histamine to form imidazole acetaldehyde, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide is then detected by the formation of crystal violet from the leuco base in the presence of horseradish peroxidase. Liquid culture medium containing bacteria that produce greater than 1200 nmole histamine per ml will develop a positive purple color. Cultures containing bacteria that produce little or no histamine will not develop a purple color. Other amines often found in cheese, such as tyramine, cadaverine, or putrescine, will not interfere with the color formation.

scholarly journals Accumulation of α-Keto Acids as Essential Components in Cyanide Assimilation by Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 11764

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 4452-4459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Kunz ◽  
Jui-Lin Chen ◽  
Guangliang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Keto Acid ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Essential Components

ABSTRACT Pyruvate (Pyr) and α-ketoglutarate (αKg) accumulated when cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 11764 were cultivated on growth-limiting amounts of ammonia or cyanide and were shown to be responsible for the nonenzymatic removal of cyanide from culture fluids as previously reported (J.-L. Chen and D. A. Kunz, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 156:61–67, 1997). The accumulation of keto acids in the medium paralleled the increase in cyanide-removing activity, with maximal activity (760 μmol of cyanide removed min−1 ml of culture fluid−1) being recovered after 72 h of cultivation, at which time the keto acid concentration was 23 mM. The reaction products that formed between the biologically formed keto acids and cyanide were unambiguously identified as the corresponding cyanohydrins by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Both the Pyr and α-Kg cyanohydrins were further metabolized by cell extracts and served also as nitrogenous growth substrates. Radiotracer experiments showed that CO2 (and NH3) were formed as enzymatic conversion products, with the keto acid being regenerated as a coproduct. Evidence that the enzyme responsible for cyanohydrin conversion is cyanide oxygenase, which was shown previously to be required for cyanide utilization, is based on results showing that (i) conversion occurred only when extracts were induced for the enzyme, (ii) conversion was oxygen and reduced-pyridine nucleotide dependent, and (iii) a mutant strain defective in the enzyme was unable to grow when it was provided with the cyanohydrins as a growth substrate. Pyr and αKg were further shown to protect cells from cyanide poisoning, and excretion of the two was directly linked to utilization of cyanide as a growth substrate. The results provide the basis for a new mechanism of cyanide detoxification and assimilation in which keto acids play an essential role.

Zur Genese Der Amidisch An Den Chromophor Von Pyoverdinen Gebundenen Dicarbonsäuren [1]

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 398-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schäfer ◽  
K. Taraz ◽  
H. Budzikiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Pseudomonas strains of the so-called fluorescent group usually produce several pyoverdins which differ only in the nature of a dicarboxylic acid bound amidically to the chromophor. For the pyoverdins isolated from the culture medium of Pseudomonas fluorescens 12 it is shown that succinic acid is an artefact formed by hydrolysis of succinic amide, and that a-ketoglutaric acid is transformed enzymatically to glutamic acid. This process is reversed after the phase of exponential growth of the bacteria. The ratio C4- vs. C5 -acids changes with the culture time and with increasing Fe3+ content of the medium in favor of the latter

Purification and Characterization of Three Extracellular Proteinases Produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens INIA 745, an Isolate from Ewe's Milk

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
A. F. MOHEDANO ◽  
P. GAYA ◽  
M. MEDINA ◽  
M. NUÑEZ
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Divalent Metal ◽  
Divalent Metal Ions ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Extracellular Proteinases ◽  
Ewe's Milk

Three proteinases were isolated from culture medium of Pseudomonas fluorescens INIA 745 and purified to homogeneity by a combination of Phenyl-Sepharose, DEAE-Sepharose, and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. Optimal temperature for enzymatic activity was 45°C for all three proteinases. The pH optimum of proteinases I and II was found to be 7.0, while that of proteinase III was 8.0. Divalent metal ions like Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, and Hg2+ were inhibitory to proteinase activity while Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+ had little or no inhibitory effect. The three enzymes were strongly inhibited by EDTA and 1,10-phenantroline and partially by cysteine. The three enzymes are metalloproteinases since they were inhibited by chelators and reactivated by Co2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+. The Km values of proteinases I, II, and III for casein were calculated to be 3.2, 2.6, and 5.2 mg/ml, respectively. Proteinases II and III rapidly degraded β-casein, with preference to αs1-casein, whereas proteinase I hydrolyzed both casein fractions at a slow rate.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Polarization-Induced Changes in the Growth of Individual Cells and Biofilms of Pseudomonas fluorescens (ATCC 17552)

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 6235-6240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Busalmen ◽  
Susana R. de Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Electrochemical Polarization ◽  
Potential Of Zero Charge ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Positive Polarization ◽  
Biofilm Structure ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Effect Of Surface

ABSTRACT The effect of surface electrochemical polarization on the growth of cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens (ATCC 17552) on gold electrodes has been examined. Potentials positive or negative to the potential of zero charge (PZC) of gold were applied, and these resulted in changes in cell morphology, size at cell division, time to division, and biofilm structure. At −0.2 V (Ag/AgCl-3 M NaCl), cells elongated at a rate of up to 0.19 μm min−1, rendering daughter cells that reached up to 3.8 μm immediately after division. The doubling time for the entire population, estimated from the increment in the fraction of surface covered by bacteria, was 82 ± 7 min. Eight-hour-old biofilms at −0.2 V were composed of large cells distributed in expanded mushroom-like microcolonies that protruded several micrometers in the solution. A different behavior was observed under positive polarization. At an applied potential of 0.5 V, the doubling time of the population was 103 ± 8 min, cells elongated at a lower rate (up to 0.08 μm min−1), rendering shorter daughters (2.5 ± 0.5 μm) after division, although the duplication times were virtually the same at all potentials. Biofilms grown under this positive potential were composed of short cells distributed in a large number of compact microcolonies. These were flatter than those grown at −0.2 V or at the PZC and were pyramidal in shape. Polarization effects on cell growth and biofilm structure resembled those previously reported as produced by changes in the nutritional level of the culture medium.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document