scholarly journals The effect of age on protein synthesis in mouse liver

1969 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. P. Mainwaring
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Ribonucleoprotein Particles ◽  
Polyuridylic Acid ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Effect Of Age

1. A system of microsomes and 105000g supernatant from livers of old mice is less able to promote the incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine into protein than a similar system from livers of young animals. 2. The decrease in [14C]phenylalanine incorporation is attributable to changes in microsomes from old animals rather than in the cell-sap fraction. 3. Decreased synthetic ability is found in various classes of microsomes from older animals, namely unfractionated, light and heavy microsomes, but not in detergent-washed ribonucleoprotein particles. 4. Deletions of certain detergent-soluble microsomal proteins accompany the decreased synthetic ability of microsomes from older animals. 5. Microsomes from old mice are less responsive to a synthetic messenger RNA, polyuridylic acid, and this is partly due to a higher rate of hydrolysis in the presence of cell sap from animals of extreme age. 6. Other more direct evidence, from the priming of a cell-free protein-synthesizing system from bacteria and the examination of ribonucleoprotein particles on sucrose density gradients, suggests that senescence is accompanied by a decrease in messenger RNA content.

scholarly journals The fractionation of nuclei from mammalian cells by zonal centrifugation

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R Johnston ◽  
A P Mathias ◽  
F. Pennington ◽  
D. Ridge
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slow Speed ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
Liver Nuclei ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Zonal Rotor

1. Purified liver nuclei from adult rats separate into two main zones when centrifuged in the slow-speed zonal rotor. One zone contains diploid nuclei, the other tetraploid. 2. The effect of age on the pattern of rat liver ploidy was examined. Tetraploid nuclei are virtually absent from young animals. They increase in proportion steadily with age. Partial hepatectomy disturbs the pattern of ploidy. 3. The zonal centrifuge permits the separation of diploid, tetraploid, octaploid and hexadecaploid nuclei from mouse liver. 4. Rat liver nuclei are isopycnic with sucrose solutions of density 1·35 at 5°.

scholarly journals Integrated Transcriptome, Proteome, Acetylome, and Metabolome Profiling of Mouse Liver During Normal Aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang-Feng Liu ◽  
Song-Feng Wu ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
Hou-Zao Chen ◽  
Juntao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Complex Biological Process ◽  
Old Mice

Abstract BackgroundAging is a complex biological process accompanied by a time-dependent functional decline that affects most living organisms. We aimed to obtain an integrated aging-associated profile of the mouse liver using a multi-omics approach.ResultsWe performed a combined transcriptome, proteome, acetylome, and metabolome analysis of liver tissues from young and old mice under physiological conditions. Old mice were frequently obese with a fatty liver, and the observed profile changes in different omics were generally moderate. Specifically, transcriptome, proteome, and acetylome analyses revealed different patterns in old and young mice, but metabolome analysis did not. Functional enrichment analysis showed that metabolic pathways were broadly altered during normal aging. Notably, the genes, proteins, and metabolites involved in pyrimidine and glutathione metabolisms were significantly affected in all these four omics. Moreover, we observed increased arachidonic acid metabolism and decreased complement and coagulation cascades in old mice, suggesting an alteration in the immune function during normal aging.ConclusionsWe conducted a multi-omics investigation of normal liver aging in mice and generated comprehensive datasets for aging research. Further analysis revealed that impairment of pyrimidine and glutathione metabolisms and immune function may be critical for hepatic aging and may provide targets for aging interventions.

A new protein (J1-31 antigen, 30 kD) is expressed by astrocytes, Müller glia and ependyma

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 491-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Predy ◽  
D. Singh ◽  
R. Bhatnagar ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
S. K. Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Intracellular Protein ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Core Proteins ◽  
A Cell ◽  
New Protein

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) J1–31 raised using human brain homogenate as immunogen in mice can be used as a cell type marker for certain types of CNS macroglia, namely astrocytes, Müller cells and tanycytes as well as ciliated ependymal cells. Except for the ciliated ependymal cells, these types of macroglia express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). J1–31 antigen is an intracellular protein which has a MW of 30 kD under reducing conditions for gel electrophoresis (Singh et al., 1986). This protein is distinct from GFAP (MW 50 kD) and vimentin (MW 55 kD), the two core proteins of 10 nm IFs known to be expressed in the above types ofmacroglia. This conclusion is based on several criteria including temporal differences in the onset of expression of GFAP and J1–31 antigen during development of the rat cerebellum. Also, there is no detectable (by immunofluorescence microscopy) expression of J1–31 antigen in the prenatal CNS or outside the CNS where vimentin has been reported to be abundant. The most direct evidence that J 1–31 antigen and GFAP are distinct proteins comes from studies on the mature ciliated ependymal cells which do not express GFAP and yet show intense immunostaining for J1–31 antigen.

scholarly journals Encapsulation of mRNA into Artificial Viral Capsids via Hybridization of a β-Annulus-dT20 Conjugate and the Poly(A) Tail of mRNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8004
Author(s):  
Yoko Nakamura ◽  
Yuki Sato ◽  
Hiroshi Inaba ◽  
Takashi Iwasaki ◽  
Kazunori Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Cell Penetrating Peptide ◽  
Viral Capsids ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Scattering Measurements ◽  
Intracellular Expression ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Microscopy Images

Messenger RNA (mRNA) drugs have attracted considerable attention as promising tools with many therapeutic applications. The efficient delivery of mRNA drugs using non-viral materials is currently being explored. We demonstrate a novel concept where mCherry mRNA bearing a poly(A) tail is encapsulated into capsids co-assembled from viral β-annulus peptides bearing a 20-mer oligothymine (dT20) at the N-terminus and unmodified peptides via hybridization of dT20 and poly(A). Dynamic light scattering measurements and transmission electron microscopy images of the mRNA-encapsulated capsids show the formation of spherical assemblies of approximately 50 nm. The encapsulated mRNA shows remarkable ribonuclease resistance. Further, modification by a cell-penetrating peptide (His16) on the capsid enables the intracellular expression of mCherry of encapsulated mRNA.

Photoreaktivierung von UV-inaktivierter Polyuridylsäure

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 406-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolf Wacker ◽  
Makoto Ishimoto ◽  
Prakash Chandra ◽  
Reinhold Selzer
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Free System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polyuridylic Acid ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The One

A study on the effect of UV-irradiated polyuridylic acid on the incorporation of phenylalanine into the polypeptide precipitable through trichloroacetic acid, in a cell-free system from E. coli was made. Attempts were made to reactivate the UV-inactivated polyuridylic acid through hydrogen peroxide, uranyl acetate and visible light. We could show that polyuridylic acid irradiated at a dose of 1.2 ×105 ergs/mm2 could be completely reactivated, while the one irradiated at a higher dose of 2.4 ×105 ergs/mm2 could not be completely reactivated under the conditions of our experiment. We have studied the effects of hydrogen peroxide and uranyl acetate on UV-irradiated polyuridylic acid chemically as well. Our results altogether show that the photoreactivating effect of uranyl acetate and hydrogen peroxide is due to their ability to split the uracil dimers formed during UV-irradiation.

scholarly journals CIDE-A is expressed in liver of old mice and in type 2 diabetic mouse liver exhibiting steatosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Kelder ◽  
Keith Boyce ◽  
Andres Kriete ◽  
Ryan Clark ◽  
Darlene E Berryman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Diabetic Mouse ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Age as a factor in do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation decisions: A multicentre blinded simulation-based study

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A Moore ◽  
Natasha Wiggins ◽  
Joe Adams
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
European Resuscitation Council ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Significant Independent Factor ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Effect Of Age

Background: The European Resuscitation Council Guidelines recognise that there is a lack of direct evidence for the effect of age on outcome following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Aim: To determine the role that advancing age plays in the decision by clinicians to complete a do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation order based on perceived futility. Design: A questionnaire-based trial. Clinicians were randomly assigned to receive one of two versions of a patient case, varying in age but otherwise identical (90 years vs 60 years). Participants were asked to decide whether a do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation form should be completed based on perceived futility for a single patient case. Rates of do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation order were compared between groups. Participants: Consultant physicians, surgeons and anaesthetists from 12 district general hospitals in England. Results: In total, 291 questionnaires were returned. Overall, clinicians were significantly more likely to complete a do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation form for a 90-year-old patient than a 60-year-old patient, when all other factors are equal (67.7% vs 7.4%, p < 0.001). This finding was consistent across speciality and experience level of the consultant. Surgeons were found to be significantly less likely to complete a do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation order in the 90-year-old patient compared to other consultants (46.4% vs 74.1%, p < 0.001). Anaesthetists were more likely than other consultants to complete a do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation order in the 60-year-old patient (17.8% vs 4.3%, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Age is a highly significant independent factor in a clinicians’ decision to withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We highlight a potential gap between current practice and supporting evidence base.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document