A new protein (J1-31 antigen, 30 kD) is expressed by astrocytes, Müller glia and ependyma

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 491-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Predy ◽  
D. Singh ◽  
R. Bhatnagar ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
S. K. Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Intracellular Protein ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Core Proteins ◽  
A Cell ◽  
New Protein

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) J1–31 raised using human brain homogenate as immunogen in mice can be used as a cell type marker for certain types of CNS macroglia, namely astrocytes, Müller cells and tanycytes as well as ciliated ependymal cells. Except for the ciliated ependymal cells, these types of macroglia express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). J1–31 antigen is an intracellular protein which has a MW of 30 kD under reducing conditions for gel electrophoresis (Singh et al., 1986). This protein is distinct from GFAP (MW 50 kD) and vimentin (MW 55 kD), the two core proteins of 10 nm IFs known to be expressed in the above types ofmacroglia. This conclusion is based on several criteria including temporal differences in the onset of expression of GFAP and J1–31 antigen during development of the rat cerebellum. Also, there is no detectable (by immunofluorescence microscopy) expression of J1–31 antigen in the prenatal CNS or outside the CNS where vimentin has been reported to be abundant. The most direct evidence that J 1–31 antigen and GFAP are distinct proteins comes from studies on the mature ciliated ependymal cells which do not express GFAP and yet show intense immunostaining for J1–31 antigen.

A new “marker” protein for astrocytes

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajkumari Singh ◽  
Bhagirath Singh ◽  
S. K. Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Marker Protein ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Double Label ◽  
Cryostat Sections ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Protein

A monoclonal antibody (Mab J1-31) has been produced by using human brain homogenate as immunogen in mouse. Double-label immunofluorescence microscopy on cryostat sections of human, rabbit and rat brain, reveals staining of cells that are also stained with antiserum to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, a commonly used marker protein for astrocytes). However, there is no decrease in staining due to Mab J1-31 in sections incubated in antiserum to GFAP prior to incubation with the J1-31 ascites fluid. Immunoprecipitation of aqueous and detergent extracts of brain homogenate gives a single band at 30K by SDS PAGE followed by autoradiography. Immunoelectron microscopy shows that the J1-31 antigen is associated with the cytoskeleton. Thus, the Mab J1-31 recognizes a new protein present in GFAP positive cells (astrocytes) in the brain.

scholarly journals Direct evidence that HSV DNA damaged by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation can be repaired in a cell type-dependent manner

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Millhouse ◽  
Xiaohe Wang ◽  
Nigel W. Fraser ◽  
Lisa Faber ◽  
Timothy M. Block
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
A Cell

Dendritic cells of the human epidermis: immuno-electron microscopic studies of la antigen reactivity

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 644-645
Author(s):  
G. Rowden ◽  
M. G. Lewis ◽  
T. M. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
La Antigen ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
A Cell ◽  
C3 Receptors ◽  
Antigen Reactivity

Langerhans cells of mammalian stratified squamous epithelial have proven to be an enigma since their discovery in 1868. These dendritic suprabasal cells have been considered as related to melanocytes either as effete cells, or as post divisional products. Although grafting experiments seemed to demonstrate the independence of the cell types, much confusion still exists. The presence in the epidermis of a cell type with morphological features seemingly shared by melanocytes and Langerhans cells has been especially troublesome. This so called "indeterminate", or " -dendritic cell" lacks both Langerhans cells granules and melanosomes, yet it is clearly not a keratinocyte. Suggestions have been made that it is related to either Langerhans cells or melanocyte. Recent studies have unequivocally demonstrated that Langerhans cells are independent cells with immune function. They display Fc and C3 receptors on their surface as well as la (immune region associated) antigens.

IFIH1-deficiency results in a cell-type specific alteration of autophagic activity in response to S. typhimurium

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (05) ◽  
pp. e28-e56
Author(s):  
S Macheiner ◽  
R Gerner ◽  
A Pfister ◽  
A Moschen ◽  
H Tilg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Type ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Autophagic Activity ◽  
Specific Alteration

scholarly journals A cell type‐specific expression map of NCoR1 and SMRT transcriptional co‐repressors in the mouse brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 528 (13) ◽  
pp. 2218-2238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attilio Iemolo ◽  
Patricia Montilla‐Perez ◽  
I‐Chi Lai ◽  
Yinuo Meng ◽  
Syreeta Nolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Cell Type Specific Expression ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cell Type Specific

scholarly journals Interplay of BAF and MLL4 promotes cell type-specific enhancer activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Kwon Park ◽  
Ji-Eun Lee ◽  
Zhijiang Yan ◽  
Kaitlin McKernan ◽  
Tommy O’Haren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Chromatin Regulators ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling Complex ◽  
Histone H3k4 ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Pioneer Transcription Factor ◽  
Factor C

AbstractCell type-specific enhancers are activated by coordinated actions of lineage-determining transcription factors (LDTFs) and chromatin regulators. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex BAF and the histone H3K4 methyltransferase MLL4 (KMT2D) are both implicated in enhancer activation. However, the interplay between BAF and MLL4 in enhancer activation remains unclear. Using adipogenesis as a model system, we identify BAF as the major SWI/SNF complex that colocalizes with MLL4 and LDTFs on active enhancers and is required for cell differentiation. In contrast, the promoter enriched SWI/SNF complex PBAF is dispensable for adipogenesis. By depleting BAF subunits SMARCA4 (BRG1) and SMARCB1 (SNF5) as well as MLL4 in cells, we show that BAF and MLL4 reciprocally regulate each other’s binding on active enhancers before and during adipogenesis. By focusing on enhancer activation by the adipogenic pioneer transcription factor C/EBPβ without inducing cell differentiation, we provide direct evidence for an interdependent relationship between BAF and MLL4 in activating cell type-specific enhancers. Together, these findings reveal a positive feedback between BAF and MLL4 in promoting LDTF-dependent activation of cell type-specific enhancers.

scholarly journals EMeth: An EM algorithm for cell type decomposition based on DNA methylation data

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyu Zhang ◽  
Ruoyi Cai ◽  
James Dai ◽  
Wei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Methylation Data ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Type Decomposition

AbstractWe introduce a new computational method named EMeth to estimate cell type proportions using DNA methylation data. EMeth is a reference-based method that requires cell type-specific DNA methylation data from relevant cell types. EMeth improves on the existing reference-based methods by detecting the CpGs whose DNA methylation are inconsistent with the deconvolution model and reducing their contributions to cell type decomposition. Another novel feature of EMeth is that it allows a cell type with known proportions but unknown reference and estimates its methylation. This is motivated by the case of studying methylation in tumor cells while bulk tumor samples include tumor cells as well as other cell types such as infiltrating immune cells, and tumor cell proportion can be estimated by copy number data. We demonstrate that EMeth delivers more accurate estimates of cell type proportions than several other methods using simulated data and in silico mixtures. Applications in cancer studies show that the proportions of T regulatory cells estimated by DNA methylation have expected associations with mutation load and survival time, while the estimates from gene expression miss such associations.

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