scholarly journals The distribution of glucose and [14C]glucose between erythrocytes and plasma in the rat

1969 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Heath ◽  
J. G. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Rat Erythrocytes ◽  
Rat Blood ◽  
Single Determination ◽  
Do So

1. Of the glucose in rat blood 79·8±3·3% (s.d.) was in the plasma. The variance was mostly due to differences between rats. 2. The concentration of glucose in erythrocyte water was 51±8% (s.d.) of that in plasma water. 3. The ratio (specific radioactivity in plasma)/(specific radioactivity in whole blood), i.e. the P/B ratio, was estimated for glucose at intervals after intravenous injection of [U−14C]glucose and [U−14C]fructose. The ratio differed from unity by more than the standard error of a single determination of the specific radioactivity of blood or plasma glucose except from 10 to 17min. after injection of [14C]glucose and from 22 to 30min. after injection of [14C]fructose. At all other times specific radioactivities in blood had to be corrected to give specific radioactivities in plasma. How to do so is described. 4. The P/B ratios were accounted for by a turnover of glucose in erythrocytes of 0·14μmole/min./ml. of erythrocytes. 5. Metabolism of glucose in rat erythrocytes is unlikely to be a major source of lactate.

scholarly journals Rates of glucose utilization and glucogenesis in rats in the basal state induced by halothane anaesthesia

1977 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
D F Heath ◽  
K N Frayn ◽  
J G Rose
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Halothane Anaesthesia ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Glucose Carbon ◽  
Gluconeogenic Substrates

1. Rates and rate coefficients of glucose utilization and replacement were determined with [5-3H]- and [U-14C]-glucose in rats starved for 24h, either conscious or under halothane anaesthesia, in a thermoneutral environment. Plasma insulin concentrations were also measured. 2. Halothane anaesthesia decreased the turnover rate by 20%, which was similar to previously reported decreases in metabolic rates caused by natural sleep. 3. Fractional recycling of glucose carbon was little affected by halothane. 4. Comparison of values in one rat with those in another, among both conscious rats and those under halothane anaesthesia, showed that rate coefficients were inversely correlated with plasma glucose concentrations. 5. These findings indicated that halothane, in the concentration used (1.25%, v/v), had little specific effect on glucose metabolism. 6. Although equilibrium plasma glucose concentrations in different rats under halothane were widely different (4-8 mmol/l) the rates of utilization were very similar (2.5-3.1 micronmol/min per 100 g), indicating that these rates were determined by the production of glucose from gluconeogenic precursors released by basal metabolism, the rate of which is necessarily similar in different rats. 7. Among rats under halothane anaesthesia plasma insulin concentrations were negatively correlated with rate coefficients, showing that the differences between rate coefficients were mostly accounted for by differences between rats in tissue sensitivities to insulin. Thus in each 24h-starved rat, sleeping or resting, the main regulators of the plasma glucose concentrations were the rate of supply of gluconeogenic substrates from energy metabolism and the intrinsic sensitivity of the tissues to insulin. 8. We found that a commonly used deionization method of purifying glucose for determination of its specific radioactivity was inadequate.

scholarly journals Determination of synthesis, recycling and body mass of glucose in rats and rabbits in vivo with 3H- and 14C-labelled glucose

1974 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Katz ◽  
Arnold Dunn ◽  
Maymie Chenoweth ◽  
Sybil Golden
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Glucose Carbon ◽  
Multicompartmental Model ◽  
Glucose Synthesis ◽  
Total Body

1. Glucose labelled with 3H in position 2 and uniformly with 14C was administered simultaneously to rabbits and rats either as a single injection or by continuous infusion. Plasma glucose specific radioactivity and the yield of 3H in the plasma water were monitored. 2. The rates of synthesis, recycling of carbon and total body mass of glucose were calculated, without assuming a multicompartmental model and without fitting data by exponential expressions. 3. The rate of synthesis of glucose in starved-overnight rabbits was 4mg/min per kg (range 3–4.5mg/min per kg) and 25–35% of the glucose carbon was recycled. The mass of total body glucose in starved rabbits was 290mg/kg (range 220–390mg/kg). About one-third of the total body glucose equilibrates nearly instantaneously with plasma glucose. 4. In rats starved overnight, glucose synthesis was about 10mg/min per kg and recycling of carbon ranged from 30–40%. Total body mass (per kg body weight) is similar to that in rabbits. 5. The activity in plasma water after injection of [2-3H]glucose was determined. The initial rate of 3H2O formation is rapid, indicating that the major site of glucose catabolism is in the rapidly mixing pool. The curve of total body glucose radioactivity was obtained from the 3H2O yield, and total mass of glucose was calculated. This agrees with that obtained from the 3H specific-radioactivity curve.

Determination of Plasminogen in Human Plasma by the Lysis Time Method

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 001-017 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Berg ◽  
K Korsan-Bengtsen ◽  
J Ygge
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Plasmin Activity ◽  
Time System ◽  
Lysis Time ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Single Determination

SummaryA one-stage lysis time system containing fibrinogen, streptokinase, thrombin, and a known, small amount of plasminogen was used to determine plasminogen in plasma.The known amount of plasminogen was added to the system in order to keep the lysis times relatively short when a highly diluted plasma was tested. High dilutions of plasma were used to reduce the influence of the plasma inhibitors.The calculation of the plasminogen concentration was made on the basis of the correlation: “plasminogen = fibrinogen/lysis time” which was valid in the system. The method allowed determination of plasminogen in plasma with varying fibrinogen concentrations, as the fibrinogen concentration in plasma was considered in the calculation.The presence of “spontaneous” plasmin activity in the plasma did not influence the plasminogen determination. Estimated by this method, the plasminogen content in plasma from 32 blood donors aged 25-45 years was 13.1 ±2.4 casein u/ml. The error of a single determination was 0.3 casein u/ml. The plasminogen content in plasma, determined with the present method, is about 3-4 times higher than the content found when a caseinolytic method is used.

Determination of the International Sensitivity Index of a New Near-Patient Testing Device to Monitor Oral Anticoagulant Therapy

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (02) ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Tripodi ◽  
Veena Chantarangkul ◽  
Marigrazia Clerici ◽  
Barbara Negri ◽  
Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Testing Device ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Near Patient Testing

SummaryA key issue for the reliable use of new devices for the laboratory control of oral anticoagulant therapy with the INR is their conformity to the calibration model. In the past, their adequacy has mostly been assessed empirically without reference to the calibration model and the use of International Reference Preparations (IRP) for thromboplastin. In this study we reviewed the requirements to be fulfilled and applied them to the calibration of a new near-patient testing device (TAS, Cardiovascular Diagnostics) which uses thromboplastin-containing test cards for determination of the INR. On each of 10 working days citrat- ed whole blood and plasma samples were obtained from 2 healthy subjects and 6 patients on oral anticoagulants. PT testing on whole blood and plasma was done with the TAS and parallel testing for plasma by the manual technique with the IRP CRM 149S. Conformity to the calibration model was judged satisfactory if the following requirements were met: (i) there was a linear relationship between paired log-PTs (TAS vs CRM 149S); (ii) the regression line drawn through patients data points, passed through those of normals; (iii) the precision of the calibration expressed as the CV of the slope was <3%. A good linear relationship was observed for calibration plots for plasma and whole blood (r = 0.98). Regression lines drawn through patients data points, passed through those of normals. The CVs of the slope were in both cases 2.2% and the ISIs were 0.965 and 1.000 for whole blood and plasma. In conclusion, our study shows that near-patient testing devices can be considered reliable tools to measure INR in patients on oral anticoagulants and provides guidelines for their evaluation.

Polymer brush based fluorescent immunosensor for direct monitoring of interleukin-1β in rat blood

The Analyst ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (19) ◽  
pp. 5682-5690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Deng ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Md Jakir Hossain ◽  
Michael D. Kendig ◽  
Ria Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Polymer Brush ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Rat Blood

A sandwich immunosensor was successfully developed for monitoring of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in rat whole blood.

scholarly journals Determination of 19 Psychoactive Substances in Premortem and Postmortem Whole Blood Samples Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Sevasti Karampela ◽  
Jessica Smith ◽  
Irene Panderi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Whole Blood Samples

An ever-increasing need exists within the forensic laboratories to develop analytical processes for the qualitative and quantitative determination of a broad spectrum of new psychoactive substances. Phenylethylamine derivatives are among the major classes of psychoactive substances available on the global market and include both amphetamine analogues and synthetic cathinones. In this work, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-positive ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) has been developed and fully validated for the determination of 19 psychoactive substances, including nine amphetamine-type stimulants and 10 synthetic cathinone derivatives, in premortem and postmortem whole blood. The assay was based on the use of 1 mL premortem or postmortem whole blood, following solid phase extraction prior to the analysis. The separation was achieved on a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 analytical column with a gradient mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water in 9 min. The dynamic multiple reaction monitoring used in this work allowed for limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantitation (LOQ) values of 0.5 and 2 ng mL−1, respectively, for all analytes both in premortem and postmortem whole blood samples. A quadratic calibration model was used for the 12 quantitative analytes over the concentration range of 20–2000 ng mL−1, and the method was shown to be precise and accurate both in premortem and postmortem whole blood. The method was applied to the analysis of real cases and proved to be a valuable tool in forensic and clinical toxicology.

scholarly journals SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE OXYGEN SATURATION OF WHOLE BLOOD

1955 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-488
Author(s):  
Makepeace U. Tsao ◽  
Shirley S. Sethna ◽  
Charles H. Sloan ◽  
Lillian J. Wyngarden
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Whole Blood
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