scholarly journals Studies on the sterols and sterol esters of the intracellular organelles of maize shoots

1968 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Kemp ◽  
E. I. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nuclear Fraction ◽  
Unesterified Cholesterol ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Mitochondrial Fractions ◽  
Intracellular Organelles

1. The composition of the esterified and unesterified sterols of the nuclear, chloroplastidic, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of 21-day-old maize shoots was examined. 2. The microsomal and mitochondrial fractions contain the bulk of the sterols of the tissue. 3. Only 1% of the sterol isolated from all the organelles is esterified. 4. The nuclear fraction has the greatest proportion of esterified sterol and the microsomal fraction the least. 5. 4-Demethyl sterols constitute the bulk of both esterified and unesterified sterols in all organelle fractions. 6. Cholesterol is the major esterified 4-demethyl sterol of the nuclear and chloroplastidic fractions, but only the nuclear fraction has an appreciable proportion of unesterified cholesterol. 7. Sterol esters of linolenic acid are more abundant in the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions than in the other two fractions.

Localization of oxalacetate keto–enol-tautomerase

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Wesenberg ◽  
Aravind Chaudhari ◽  
Robert G. Annett
Keyword(s):  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nuclear Fraction ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Intracellular Location ◽  
Pig Kidney ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
Mitochondrial Fractions ◽  
Soluble Phase

The intracellular location of oxalacetate keto–enol-tautomerase (oxaloacetate keto–enol-isomerase) (EC 5.3.2.2) has been determined in two types of animal cells, rat liver and pig kidney. Two fractionation procedures were adopted and modified to suit each type of tissue. One fractionation procedure gave the soluble phase, microsomal and mitochondrial fractions, while the other isolated the nuclear fraction. The tautomerase is distributed among the soluble phase, microsomes and mitochondria in both tissues. Fractionation efficiency was checked by determining percentage recoveries of enzymic activity and total protein after each step, by microscopy studies and by determining the distribution of several marker enzymes.

Characterization of Different Deoxyribonucleases in Human Lymphocytes

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 781-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jürgen Zöllner ◽  
Hans Störger ◽  
Hans-Joachim Breter ◽  
Rudolf Zahn
Keyword(s):  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Activity ◽  
Nuclear Fraction ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Cytoplasmic Fraction ◽  
Acid Deoxyribonuclease ◽  
Deoxyribonuclease Activity

Abstract Deoxyribonucleases, Disc Electrophoresis, Lymphocytes Four groups of deoxyribonuclease activities from human lymphocytes have been characterized by deoxyribonuclease assay in DNA-containing polyacrylamide gels following their separation by disc-electrophoresis. All activities hydrolyse DNA endonucleolytically. One neutral deoxyribo­ nuclease found in the cytoplasmic fraction prefers native or UV-irradiated DNA over denatured DNA as substrate and is a 5′-monoester former. Two groups of acid deoxyribonuclease activities are detectable in the nuclear fraction. Both are 3′-monoester formers. One is as well active with denatured DNA as with native DNA, the other one shows the same activity with native and UV-irradiated DNA but lower activity with denatured DNA. An alkaline deoxyribonuclease activity, also localized in the nucleus, is a 5′ -monoester DNA as substrate.

Cholinephosphotransferase activities in microsomes and neuronal nuclei isolated from immature rabbit cerebral cortex: the use of endogenously generated diacylglycerols as substrate

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 724-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Roy Baker ◽  
Huu-Yi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase C ◽  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Nuclear Fraction ◽  
Neuronal Nuclei ◽  
Nuclear Membranes ◽  
Choline Phosphotransferase ◽  
Rabbit Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Triton X

A neuronal nuclear fraction (N1) and a microsomal fraction (P3) were isolated from homogenates of cerebral cortices of 15-day-old rabbits. A nuclear envelope fraction (E) was prepared from N1. To assay cholinephosphotransferase, diacylglycerols were first generated in the membranes of these subfractions using a phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus) preincubation. With levels of endogenous diacylglycerols producing maximal specific cholinephosphotransferase activities, an activity ratio of 1:1:5 was found for N1, P3, and E, respectively. An independent neuronal nuclear cholinephosphotransferase, concentrated in nuclear membranes, is indicated. With regard to changes in pH and concentrations of MgCl2 and CDP-choline, N1 and P3 activities responded in a similar manner. However, in contrast to P3, N1 activities were much more profoundly inhibited at low levels of Triton X-100 (0.01–0.02 w/v%) and N1 showed quite significant levels of cholinephosphotransferase activity in the absence of a phospholipase C preincubation. Choline phosphotransferase in N1 and P3 showed Km values for CDP-choline (0.028 and 0.031 mM, respectively) which were much lower than corresponding literature values determined using exogenous diacylglycerols as substrates for this enzyme. The presence of cholinephosphotransferase in neuronal nuclear membranes reflects a rather exceptional nuclear autonomy. This may be related to a need to maintain nuclear phospholipid in the absence of a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum at early stages of neuronal development or to synthesize phospholipid in response to functions unique to the nucleus.

scholarly journals Changes in quantities of high-mobility-group protein 1 in oviduct cellular fractions after oestrogen stimulation

1981 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
C T Teng ◽  
C S Teng
Keyword(s):  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Quantitative Change ◽  
High Mobility Group ◽  
Nuclear Fraction ◽  
Hmg Proteins ◽  
High Mobility Group Protein ◽  
Group Protein ◽  
Oviduct Cell

Antiserum against chick oviduct high-mobility-group protein 1 (HMG 1) has been induced in the rabbit. With this antiserum, immunobiochemical techniques have been used to probe the quantitative change of HMG 1 in the cellular fractions of chick oviduct before or after oestrogen stimulation. HMG 1 is detectable in the cytosol, microsomal and nuclear fraction of the chick oviduct cell. After administration of oestrogen to young chicks in vivo for 5 days, the quantity of HMG 1 is increased 4-fold in the cytosol, 3.5-fold in the microsomal fraction and 1.6-fold in the nuclear fraction. The finding of large amounts of HMG 1 in cytoplasm of oviduct cell is not likely due to its leakage from the nucleus. We anticipate that HMG 1 is synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported into the nucleus. The synthesis and transportation of HMG proteins is probably regulated by oestrogen.

scholarly journals Effect of storage on the fatty acids of dried ryegrass

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Czerkawski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mould Growth ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Types Of Change ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids

1. The compositions of the fatty acids in ryegrass were determined in fresh samples, and in samples dried at room temperature for 26 h, at 50° and for 18 h or at 100° for 12 h. The drying of grass resulted in a small increase in palmitic acid and a decrease in linolenic acid in the total fatty acids.2. Samples of grass dried at 50° and 100° were stored at three relative humidities (rh < 3%, 47% and 80%) for 13 months.3. There were marked changes in the samples stored at 80% rh, with an onset of mould growth and a loss of dry matter. The samples stored at lower humidities had no mould.4. There were two types of change in the fatty acids during storage. The deterioration brought about and mould was accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of linolenic acid and an increase in the concentrations of oleic and linoleic acids. The other type of change observed at the lower humidities resulted in a decrease in the content of linolenic and an increase in the content of palmitic, and did not affect the amounts of oleic and linoleic cells.5. There was little difference between the changes that occurred in the composition of the total fatty acids of the grass dried at 50° and of that dried at 100°. The changes that were at all significant appeared to occur less rapidly, particularly in the early months of storage, in the grass dried at the higher temperature for the shorter time.

Effects of manganese on Q-T interval and distribution of calcium in rat heart

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (6) ◽  
pp. 1209-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loyal L. Conrad ◽  
Donald J. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Rat Heart ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heart Cell ◽  
Differential Centrifugation ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Significant Prolongation ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Cell Fractions

Electrocardiographic observations were correlated with the 2- and 24-hr uptake of Ca45 by the myocardium of the normal rat and the rat injected subcutaneously with manganese chloride. The distribution of Ca45 in the heart cell was determined by differential centrifugation and the effects of manganese noted. Normally, about 40% of the Ca45 in the rat heart was found in the microsomal fraction, the remainder being distributed equally in the other cell fractions at 2 hr. None was found in the supernatant material after centrifuging for 17 hr. After manganese injection the total uptake of Ca45 was doubled at 2 hr due to increases in the microsomal and 17-hr fractions. Control values were re-established by 24 hr. Electrocardiograms showed a significant prolongation of the Q-T interval at 2 and 24 hr after manganese injection. There was a significant decrease in serum calcium concentration 24 hr after the injection of manganese.

scholarly journals Poultry meat production as a functional food with a voluntary n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Schneideroá ◽  
J. Zelenka ◽  
E. Mrkvicová
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

We studied the effect of different levels of linseed oils made either of the flax cultivar Atalante with a high content of &alpha;-linolenic acid (612 g/kg) or of the cultivar Lola with a predominating content of linoleic acid (708 g/kg) in a chicken diet upon the fatty acid pattern in meat. Cockerels Ross 308 were fed the diets containing 1, 3, 5 or 7 per cent of oil in the last 15 days of fattening. Breast meat (BM) and thigh meat (TM) without skin of 8 chickens from each dietary group were used for analyses. The relative proportions of fatty acids were expressed as percentages of total determined fatty acids. When feeding Atalante oil, the proportions of n-6 fatty acids were highly significantly lower while those of n-3 fatty acids were higher; the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in meat was narrower (<i>P</i> < 0.001) than in chickens fed oil with a low content of &alpha;-linolenic acid. In BM and TM, the relative proportions of &alpha;-linolenic and &gamma;-linolenic acids were nearly the same, the proportion of linoleic acid in BM was lower, and the proportions of the other polyunsaturated fatty acids in BM were higher than in TM. In BM, the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.001) more favourable than that found in TM. The relative proportions of total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in meat decreased and those of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.01) in dependence on the increasing level of dietary oils. When feeding Atalante oil, a significant increase in the proportion of linoleic acid in BM but not in TM was observed. The proportions of the other n-6 fatty acids decreased and those of all determined n-3 fatty acids, with the exception of docosahexaenoic acid, significantly increased with the increasing level of oil in the diet. When feeding Lola oil, its increasing content in the diet increased the relative proportion of linoleic acid as well as its elongation to &gamma;-linolenic acid; however, the proportions of arachidonic and adrenic acid did not change significantly (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The proportion of &alpha;-linolenic acid increased in both BM and TM. The proportion of eicosapentaenoic and clupanodonic acids in BM significantly decreased. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 0.9 to 13.6 and from 1.0 to 17.2 in BM and TM, respectively. An increase in the level of Lola oil in the diet by 1% caused that the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio extended by 1.00 and 1.19 units in BM and TM, respectively. Dependences of n-6/n-3 ratio on the level of Atalante oil were expressed by equations of convex parabolas with minima at the level of oil 5.8 and 5.9% for BM and TM, respectively. By means of the inclusion of linseed oil with a high content of &alpha;-linolenic acid in the feed mixture it would be possible to produce poultry meat as a functional food with a very narrow ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Nutritional Effect of Alpha-Linolenic Acid on Honey Bee Colony Development (Apis Mellifera L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanting Ma ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xiaobo Hang ◽  
Hongfang Wang ◽  
Weiren Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Nutritional Effect

AbstractAlpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), influences honey bee feed intake and longevity. The objective of this study was to research the effect of six dietary ALA levels on the growth and development of Apis mellifera ligustica colonies. In the early spring, a total of 36 honey bee colonies of equal size and queen quality were randomly allocated into 6 groups. The six groups of honey bees were fed a basal diet with supplementation of ALA levels at 0 (group A), 2 (group B), 4 (group C), 6 (group D), 8 (group E), and 10% (group F). In this study, there were significant effects of pollen substitute ALA levels on the feeding amounts of the bee colony, colony population, sealed brood amount, and weight of newly emerged workers (P<0.05). The workers’ midgut Lipase (LPS) activity of group C was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P<0.01). The worker bees in groups B, C, and D had significantly longer lifespans than those in the other groups (P<0.05). However, when the diets had ALA concentrations of more than 6%, the mortality of the honey bees increased (P<0.01). These results indicate that ALA levels of 2 ~ 4% of the pollen substitute were optimal for maintaining the highest reproductive performance and the digestion and absorption of fatty acids in honey bees during the period of spring multiplication. Additionally, ALA levels of 2 ~ 6% of the pollen substitute, improved worker bee longevity.

scholarly journals Composition and content of fatty acids in Vitis vinifera L. var. Cabernet Sauvignon leaves infected with the eutypiosis fungus, Eutypa lata

OENO One ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayeb Koussa ◽  
Monique Cherrad ◽  
Driss Zaoui ◽  
Michel Broquedis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Arachidic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Aliphatic Chain ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Three Stages

<p style="text-align: justify;">On Cabernet sauvignon, eutypiosis sensible variety, we have compared fatty acids content in healthy Jeaves (S: leaves beared by healthy vine stock), in leaves seeming healthy (Ap.S: leaves beared by arm without symptoms, the other arm is diseased) and in diseased leaves (M: leaves beared by diseased arm). The results show that disease does not alter the fatty acids order. Linolenic acid (CI 8:3) content is always the most important, followed by palmitic (CI6:0) and Iinoleic acids, then by stearic (CI8:0) and oleic acids and at last by arachidic acid (C20:0). During the three stages studied (flowers buds: H, flowering: I and closed cluster: L), only the development of CI 8:3 content was modified by disease. It increases in healthy leaves at stage I, while in Ap.S and M leaves there is a decrease from H to L stages. Otherwise, development of fatty acids proportions does not seem to be changed by eutypiosis.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Proportions and content comparison in S, Ap.S and M leaves show a decrease of C 18:3 synthesis benefit of C 18:2.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">This increases is important as well as the symptoms are evident. These results seem to be in relationship with decrease of leaves size caused by eutypiosis. At the end, the disease induces a desaturation decrease of C18:0 and C18:2 as well as an aliphatic chain lengthening of C16:0. These inhibitions are showed by more increase of CI 6:0 and CI 8:2 in diseased leaves than in healthy leaves. No action is observed in CI 8: 1 desaturation.</p>

scholarly journals Nucleoside diphosphate kinase isoforms regulated by phytochrome A isolated from oat coleoptiles.

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hetmann ◽  
Stanisław Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase ◽  
Nuclear Fraction ◽  
Phytochrome A ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Native Form ◽  
Immunochemical Method ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Molecular Masses

Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) (EC 2.7.4.6), the enzyme transferring the phosphate residue from ATP to nucleoside diphosphates, is localized mainly in the cytoplasm and mitochondria and in smaller amounts in cell nuclei and the microsomal fraction. Exposure of etiolated oat seedlings to red light causes an increase of the enzyme activity by about 42% in nuclear fraction, 7% in etioplastic and 14% in postetioplastic fraction. Endogenous phytochrome A, as visualized by an immunochemical method, translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus upon red, far-red or white light activation. Nuclei purified from oat seedlings contain two, and the postnuclear fraction four easily separated forms of NDPK. One of the nuclear isoforms (I(n)) and one isoform isolated from the postnuclear fraction (II(pn)) are activated by red light in the presence of phytochrome A purified from etiolated oat coleoptiles. Both phytochrome A-activated NDPKs purified to electrophoretic homogeneity have the same molecular mass (17-18 kDa) determined by SDS/PAGE. Both enzymes in the native form have similar molecular masses (71 and 63 kDa).

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