scholarly journals The glycolipids of Lactobacillus casei A.T.C.C. 7469

1968 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shaw ◽  
K. Heatherington ◽  
J Baddiley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Lactobacillic Acid ◽  
Acetate Form

1. The lipids were extracted from Lactobacillus casei A.T.C.C. 7469 with chloroform–methanol mixtures. The glycolipids were obtained by chromatography on silicic acid and DEAE-cellulose (acetate form). 2. Hydrolysis of the glycolipids with alkali gave two glycerol glycosides and a mixture of fatty acids. 3. The glycosides were separated and their structures elucidated. The major component was O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→1)-glycerol and the minor component O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→1)-glycerol. 4. Analysis of the fatty acids by gas–liquid chromatography showed that they were predominantly palmitic acid, octadecenoic acid and lactobacillic acid.

scholarly journals The glycolipids from the non-capsulated strain of Pneumococcus I-192R, A.T.C.C. 12213

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Brundish ◽  
N Shaw ◽  
J Baddiley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Partition Chromatography ◽  
Glycerol Moiety ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Acetate Form ◽  
General Method

1. The total lipid was extracted from the non-capsulated strain of Pneumococcus I-192R, A.T.C.C. 12213, with chloroform-methanol mixtures. Two glycolipids were isolated by chromatography on silicic acid and DEAE-cellulose (acetate form). 2. The major glycolipid was obtained pure in a yield of 640mg./34g. dry wt. of cells and represents about 34% of the total lipid. It contained galactose, glucose, glycerol and fatty acid ester residues in the proportions 1:1:1:2, and yielded on saponification a crystalline non-reducing glycoside. 3. The structure of the glycoside was shown to be O-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->1)-d-glycerol. The fatty acids obtained on saponification were identified by gas-liquid partition chromatography of their methyl esters. 4. The minor glycolipid was obtained as a 1:1 (w/w) mixture with the major component, but after saponification the two glycosides were separated by paper chromatography. Evidence was obtained for the structure of the glycoside derived from the minor glycolipid as 1-O-alpha-d-glucosylglycerol. 5. A general method is described for determining the stereochemistry of the glycerol moiety in 1-linked glycerol glycosides.

Cellular fatty acid comparison of strains of Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. sepedonicum from potato and sugar beet

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil C. Gudmestad ◽  
Paul J. Henningson ◽  
William M. Bugbee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Tetradecanoic Acid ◽  
Coryneform Bacteria

The cellular fatty acid composition of Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. sepedonicum strains recovered from potato and sugar beet hosts were determined using gas-liquid chromatography. Fatty acid profiles were compared to profiles from other plant pathogenic coryneform bacteria. The most prevalent fatty acids present in C. michiganense subsp. sepedonicum were 12-methyl-tetradecanoic acid (a15:0), 14-methyl-hexadecanoic acid (a17:0), 14-methyl-pentadecanoic acid (i16:0), 12-methyl-4-tetradecenoic acid (a15:1), hexadecanoic acid (16:0), cis-9-octadecenoic acid (18:1c), and cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (18:2). In addition, some strains contained smaller amounts of 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 carbon fatty acids. All strains of plant pathogenic coryneform bacteria tested could be differentiated on the basis of either total fatty acid content (qualitative) or by ratios of cellular fatty acids (relative quantitative differences), e.g., a15:0/i16:0, a17:0/i16:0, a15:0/a17:0, i16:0/a15:1, a15:1/16:0, and 16:0/18:1. Strains of C. michiganense subsp. sepedonicum from sugar beet and potato were qualitatively and quantitatively very similar. On the basis of these results, it was clear that the endophytic strains of C.m. subsp. sepedonicum recovered from healthy sugar beets were indistinguishable from pathogenic strains recovered from potato. The bacteria from the two hosts should be considered as members of the same subspecies.

Lipid composition of Escherichia coli in relation to resistance to penicillin

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Legakis ◽  
Nicholas P. Protopappas ◽  
John G. Leonardopoulos ◽  
John Th. Papavassiliou
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Triglyceride Fraction ◽  
Bound Lipids ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Clinical isolates of Escherichia coli sensitive and resistant to penicillin were compared in lipid composition and 14C-labelled penicillin uptake, as possible factors in resistance.Except for a slight increase in the triglyceride fraction in sensitive strains there were no qualitative or quantitative differences in the classes of extractable lipids present. Gas–liquid chromatography of the phospholipid and triglyceride fatty acids of the polar and non-polar fatty acids of the bound lipids showed that the same kinds of fatty acids were present. There was an increase of myristate in the chloroform–methanol extractable lipids of highly resistant strains accompanied by a rather general decrease of the other fatty acids. Gas-chromatographic analysis of the polar-bound lipids showed an increase of the β-hydroxydecanoic acid in the resistant strains.By studying the uptake of 14C-labelled benzylpenicillin and the crypticity of the β-lactamase, evidence has been produced that a decreased permeability of resistant strains to penicillin cooperates with β-lactamase to induce a high level of resistance. The altered lipid metabolism may reflect the special architectural changes in the cell wall which cause decreased permeability.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi lipopolysaccharide as receptor of a new bacteriophage

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
L. A. Cañas ◽  
M. Santaolalla
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Contractile Tail ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Mild Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A new bacteriophage was found growing on Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi isolates from knots of diseased Spanish olive trees. The bacteriophage had a contractile tail (type A1 of Bradley's classification: Myoviridae) of 60 × 14 nm and an icosahedral head (diameter, 45 nm) which contains DNA. Lipopolysaccharide from the outer membrane of the host bacteria was found to be the specific receptor for the bacteriophage. Phage inactivation was measured as a percentage decrease in plaque-forming units and by electron microscopy. This lipopolysaccharide showed an ultrastructure and chemical composition very similar to those obtained from other Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Mild hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide with 1% acetic acid liberated the carbohydrate moiety (degraded polysaccharide) from the lipid A. After hydrolysis, monosaccharides and fatty acids were studied by gas–liquid chromatography. The polysaccharide was mainly composed of rhamnose, glucose, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid; the lipid A contained glucosamine, phosphate, and fatty acids, both hydroxylated (3-OH 10:0, 2-OH 12:0, and 3-OH 12:0) and nonhydroxylated (12:0, 16:1, and 16:0).

scholarly journals The structure of an acylated inositol mannoside in the lipids of propionic acid bacteria

1969 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shaw ◽  
F. Dinglinger
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Heptadecanoic Acid ◽  
Pentadecanoic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

1. Lipids were extracted from five strains of Propionibacterium with chloroform–methanol mixtures and fractionated by chromatography on silicic acid. 2. All five extracts contained a glycolipid composed of fatty acids, inositol and mannose in the molar proportions 2:1:1. 3. Hydrolysis of the glycolipid with alkali gave a mixture of fatty acids and O-α-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-myoinositol. 4. Analysis of the fatty acids by g.l.c. showed that they were predominantly straight- and branched-chain isomers of pentadecanoic acid and heptadecanoic acid. 5. The location and distribution of the fatty acid residues in the molecule was established by periodate oxidation studies and mass spectrometry. The structure of the major glycolipid is 1-O-pentadecanoyl-2-O-(6-O-heptadecanoyl-α-d-mannopyranosyl)myoinositol. 6. The glycolipids are located in the membrane; the cell walls are devoid of lipid. 7. Possible functions of the glycolipid are discussed.

Component Fatty Acids of the Total Lipids of Some Marine Phytoplankton

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Chuecas ◽  
J. P. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Component Fatty Acid ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

A range of 27 marine phytoplankton species, representative of several of the principal classes, has been grown under similar conditions in Erd-Schreiber medium with abundant nutrients. Harvesting was carried out 20 days after inoculation while vigorous growth was proceeding. The component fatty acids of the lipids extractable with chloroform-methanol were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. In all, 40 fatty acids were determined. It is likely that the component fatty-acid distribution may be valuable for taxonomic purposes. Thus, specific fatty-acid assemblages may characterize particular Phyla or even classes. For example, the Bacillariophyceae are differentiated from the other organisms examined by the virtual absence of 18:2, 18:3 and 1814; the Cryptophyta are distinguished by their high content of 20:1. The fatty-acid arrays of species belonging to the same genus are frequently very similar, e.g. Dunaliella primolecta and D. tertiolecta.

Fatty Acid Profile of Canadian Dairy Products with Special Attention to the trans-Octadecenoic Acid and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjaya Mendis ◽  
Cristina Cruz-Hernandez ◽  
Walisundera M N Ratnayake
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Partial Hydrogenation ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Trans Octadecenoic Acid

Abstract Current scientific evidence indicates that consumption of industrial trans fatty acids (TFA) produced via partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils increases the risk of coronary heart disease. However, some studies have suggested that ruminant TFA, especially vaccenic acid (VA or 11t-18:1) and rumenic acid (RA or 9c,11t-18:2), which is a conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer, may have potential beneficial health effects for humans. To date, no concerted effort has been made to provide detailed isomer composition of ruminant TFA and CLA of Canadian dairy products, information that is required to properly assess their nutritional impacts. To this end, we analyzed the fatty acid profile of popular brands of commercial cheese (n = 17), butter (n = 12), milk (n =8), and cream (n = 4) sold in retail stores in Ottawa, Canada, in 20062007 by silver nitrate thin-layer chromatography and gas liquid chromatography. The average total TFA content of cheese, butter, milk, and cream samples were 5.6, 5.8, 5.8, and 5.5 of total fatty acids, respectively. VA was the major trans-octadecenoic acid (18:1) isomer in all the Canadian dairy samples with average levels of (as total trans-18:1) 33.9 in cheese, 35.6 in butter, 31.0 milk, and 30.1 in cream. The different dairy products contained very similar levels of CLA, which ranged from 0.5 to 0.9 of total fat. RA was the major CLA isomer of all the dairy products, accounting for 82.483.2 of total CLA. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the fatty acid profile between the 4 different dairy groups, which suggests lack of processing effects on the fatty acid profile of dairy fat.

The composition of ewe's milk fat during early and late lactation

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Noble ◽  
W. Steele ◽  
J. H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Ewe's Milk ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
A Minor

SummaryThe composition of ewe's milk during the first 4 days of lactation and on the 100th day of lactation was investigated. The total fat content was highest (17· 9%) on the day of parturition but decreased rapidly to reach a level on the 2nd day after parturition that was similar to that observed on the 100th day of lactation (9·9 %).The concentration of octadecenoic acid, which was the major fatty acid of ewe's milk, was very much higher in early lactation than in late lactation. As the concentration of octadecenoic acid decreased the concentration of the shorter chain fatty acids (6:0−14:0) increased. The major octadecenoic acid was the cis-9 isomer. However, the proportion of the trans-11 isomer increased from 5·5 % of the total octadecenoic acid concentration in early lactation to 11·9 % in late lactation. Although linoleic acid remained a minor component of the fatty acids of the milk during lactation, its concentration increased from less than 1 % during early lactation to 1·4 % by the 100th day of lactation.

Obtaining and Characterization of Alhagi persarum Boiss. et Buhse Callus Cell Cultures, Isoflavonoid Producers

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
D.V. Коchkin ◽  
G.I. Sobolkovа ◽  
А.А. Fоmеnkov ◽  
R.А. Sidorov ◽  
А.М. Nоsоv
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detection ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Callus Cell

The physiological characteristics of the callus cell cultures of Alhagi persarum Boiss et Buhse, a member of the legume family, widely used in folk medicine, have been studied. It was shown that the source of the explant was an important factor in the initiation of callusogenesis: more intense callusogenesis (almost 100%) was observed for explants from various organs of sterile seedlings, rather than intact plants (less than 30%). As a result, more than 20 lines of morphologically different callus cell cultures were obtained, and the growth parameters for the 5 most intensively growing lines were determined. The composition of fatty acids (FA) of total lipids and secondary metabolites in the most physiologically stable callus line Aр-207 was analyzed. Using capillary gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GLC-MS), 19 individual C12--C24 FAs were identified, the main fraction of which were palmitic (~ 23%), stearic (~ 22%), linoleic (~ 14%) and α-linolenic (~ 33%) acids. The established atypical ratio of FAs (a simultaneous high content of both saturated FAs and polyunsaturated α-linolenic acid) is possibly due to the adaptation of cells to in vitro growth conditions. Phytochemical analysis of the secondary metabolites was carried out using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (UPLC MS). Compounds belonging to different structural groups of isoflavones were found. Aglycones (calycosin, formononetin and afrormosin isomer), glucosides (formononetin glucoside), as well as esters of glucosides (malonylglycosides of calicosin, formononetin, afrormosin isomers, glycitein and genistein) were detected. These secondary metabolites are widespread in plants of the Fabaceae family; however, isoflavones are rare in representatives of the Alhagi genus. The presence of malonylated isoflavone glycosides in Alhagi spp. was shown for the first time. endemic plant species, Alhagi, in vitro cell culture, callus cell culture, isoflavones, fatty acids All studies were carried out using the equipment of the "Experimental Biotechnological Facility" and the "All-Russian Collection of Cell Cultures of Higher Plants" of IРР RAS. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), contract no.18-54-06021 (Az_a), and the Government of the Russian Federation, Megagrant Project no. 075-15-2019-1882.

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