scholarly journals Comparative studies of bile salts, myxinol disulphate, the principal bile salt of hagfish (Myxinidae)

1966 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAD Haslewood
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Bile Salts

scholarly journals Comparative studies of bile salts. A new type of bile salt from Arapaima gigas (Cuvier) (family Osteoglossidae)

1972 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 1161-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. D. Haslewood ◽  
L. Tökés
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Partial Synthesis ◽  
Arapaima Gigas ◽  
New Type

1. Arapaima gigas bile salts were hydrolysed by alkali or cleaved with dioxan–trichloroacetic acid to give cholic acid, arapaimic acid, arapaimol-A and arapaimol-B. 2. I.r., n.m.r. and mass spectroscopy and [α]D measurements indicated that arapaimic acid and arapaimol-A and -B are respectively 2α,3α,7α,12α-tetrahydroxy−5β,25∈-cholestan-26-oic acid, 5β,25R-cholestane-2β,3α,7α,12α,26-pentol and 5β-cholestane-2β,3α,7α,12α,26,27-hexol. 3. Partial synthesis of 2β,3α,7α,12α-tetrahydroxy−5α- and −5β-cholan-24-oic acid and their spectral examination fully confirmed these conclusions. 4. A. gigas bile salts show primitive features in that they comprise alcohol sulphates and a C27 acid; they are also specialized in showing 2β-hydroxylation.

scholarly journals STUDI VIABILITAS ISOLAT BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT YANG DIISOLASI DARI ASINAN REBUNG BAMBU TABAH TERHADAP pH RENDAH DAN GARAM EMPEDU

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Octavia Wasis ◽  
Nyoman Semadi Antara ◽  
Ida Bagus Wayan Gunam
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Bamboo Shoot ◽  
Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Mrs Broth

Tabah bamboo shoot pickle is one of the fermented food which is the source of lactic acid bacteria.  Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is beneficial to health because it has the ability as a probiotic. Lactic acid bacteria that have probiotic criteria should have resistance to low pH and bile salts. This study aims to determine isolates of lactic acid bacteria isolated from tabah bamboo shoot pickle resistant to low pH and bile salts (NaDC). Lactic acid bacteria were tested to low pH by using MRS broth that have different pH (pH 2, pH 3, pH 4 and pH 6.2 as a control) incubated at 37ºC for 3 hours. isolates were survive in low pH then continued in bile salt resistance test with 0.3% bile salt concentration for 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes and 24 hours. The results showed that three isolates out of 88 isolates had ability to grow in low pH and in medium supplemented by NaDC 0,3%. The isolates are AR 3057, AR 3101 and AR 6152 which can be used as candidat of  probiotic. Keywords : Tabah bamboo shoot pickle, lactic acid bacteria, probiotic, low pH, bile salt

scholarly journals Regulation of mdr2 P-glycoprotein expression by bile salts

1997 ◽  
Vol 321 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. G. FRIJTERS ◽  
Roelof OTTENHOFF ◽  
Michel J. A. van WIJLAND ◽  
Carin M. J. van NIEUWKERK ◽  
Albert K. GROEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Northern Blotting ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Mrna Content

The phosphatidyl translocating activity of the mdr2 P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in the canalicular membrane of the mouse hepatocyte is a rate-controlling step in the biliary secretion of phospholipid. Since bile salts also regulate the secretion of biliary lipids, we investigated the influence of the type of bile salt in the circulation on mdr2 Pgp expression and activity. Male mice were fed a purified diet to which either 0.1% (w/w) cholate or 0.5% (w/w) ursodeoxycholate was added. This led to a near-complete replacement of the endogenous bile salt pool (mainly tauromuricholate) by taurocholate or tauroursodeoxycholate respectively. The phospholipid secretion capacity was then determined by infusion of increasing amounts of tauroursodeoxycholate. Cholate feeding resulted in a 55% increase in maximal phospholipid secretion compared with that in mice on the control diet. Northern blotting revealed that cholate feeding increased mdr2 Pgp mRNA levels by 42%. Feeding with ursodeoxycholate did not influence the maximum rate of phospholipid output or the mdr2 mRNA content. Female mice had a higher basal mdr2 Pgp mRNA level than male mice, and this was also correlated with a higher phospholipid secretion capacity. This could be explained by the 4-fold higher basal cholate content in the bile of female compared with male mice. Our results suggest that the type of bile salts in the circulation influences the expression of the mdr2 gene.

scholarly journals Characteristics of bile salt uptake into skate hepatocytes

1994 ◽  
Vol 299 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Fricker ◽  
V Dubost ◽  
K Finsterwald ◽  
J L Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Anion Transport ◽  
Organic Anion Transport ◽  
Salt Uptake ◽  
Anion Transport System ◽  
Alpha 7

The substrate specificity for the transporter that mediates the hepatic uptake of organic anions in freshly isolated hepatocytes of the elasmobranch little skate (Raja erinacea) was determined for bile salts and bile alcohols. The Na(+)-independent transport system exhibits a substrate specificity, which is different from the specificity of Na(+)-dependent bile salt transport in mammals. Unconjugated and conjugated di- and tri-hydroxylated bile salts inhibit uptake of cholyltaurine and cholate competitively. Inhibition is significantly greater with unconjugated as opposed to glycine- or taurine-conjugated bile salts. However, the number of hydroxyl groups in the steroid moiety of the bile salts has only minor influences on the inhibition by the unconjugated bile salts. Since the transport system seems to represent an archaic organic-anion transport system, other anions, such as dicarboxylates, amino acids and sulphate, were also tested, but had no inhibitory effect on bile salt uptake. To clarify whether bile alcohols, the physiological solutes in skate bile, share this transport system, cholyltaurine transport was studied after addition of 5 beta-cholestane-3 beta,5 alpha,6 beta-triol, 5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-triol. These bile alcohols inhibit cholyltaurine uptake non-competitively. In contrast, uptake of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triol, which is Na(+)-independent, is not inhibited by cholyltaurine. The findings further characterize a Na(+)-independent organic-anion transport system in skate liver cells, which is not shared by bile alcohols and has preference for unconjugated lipophilic bile salts.

scholarly journals Studies on the interactions between bile salts and food emulsifiers under in vitro duodenal digestion conditions to evaluate their bile salt binding potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julieta N. Naso ◽  
Fernando A. Bellesi ◽  
Víctor M. Pizones Ruiz-Henestrosa ◽  
Ana M.R. Pilosof
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Food Emulsifiers

Hepatic bile flow

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1055-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Strange
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Critical Micellar Concentration ◽  
Canalicular Membrane ◽  
Receptor Proteins ◽  
Subcellular Organelles ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Initial Event

The hepatocyte is a polar cell that can remove a variety of molecules from blood and excrete them into bile. This review is primarily concerned with the mechanism of transport of the principal anions--the bile salts--across the sinusoidal membrane, their passage through the cell, and excretion across the canalicular membrane. Clearly much of this process is poorly understood, but the study of the membrane stages should be facilitated by the ability to prepare purified sinusoidal and canalicular membrane vesicles. For example, the relative importance of albumin-binding sites as well as the putative bile salt receptor proteins can be better assessed. It seems likely that although the interaction of bile salts with receptor proteins is important, it is an initial event that puts the bile salt in the correct place for uptake to occur. The driving force for uptake is the Na+ gradient created across the basolateral membrane by the activity of the Na+-K+-ATPase. Within the cell, various modes of transport have been suggested. Several authors emphasize the importance of protein binding of bile salts, either because of their presumed ability to maintain the concentration of these anions in the hepatocyte below their critical micellar concentration or because of their putative role in transport. It is important to understand these aspects of the role of cytosolic proteins for several reasons. Knowledge of the true concentration of free bile salt within the cell should allow estimation of whether the electrochemical gradient is sufficient for bile salts to accumulate in bile without the need for active transport of molecules from the cell into the canaliculus. The compartmental model described by Strange et al. (153) offers one theoretical way of determining the concentration of free bile salt, although the problems inherent in studying amphipath binding to the membranes of subcellular organelles (31) require that the model be reevaluated by the hygroscopic-desorption method. The second role suggested for the cytosolic bile salt-binding proteins is as transport proteins. As discussed in section VI, I think it is unlikely that the proteins identified so far act in this way, and it is more likely that movement occurs by diffusion in free solution. It is also important to determine the possible involvement of subcellular organelles such as Golgi bodies. Little is known of their role in the transport of bile salts or indeed where bile salt micelles are formed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Effect of intestinal resection on bile salt absorption in dogs

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Playoust ◽  
Leon Lack ◽  
I. M. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Salt Absorption ◽  
Complete Failure ◽  
Fat Meal

The efficiency of intestinal absorption of bile salts was evaluated by studying the rate of disappearance of radioactivity from the bile of dogs after the intravenous administration of sodium taurocholate-24-C14. Bile was sampled through an indwelling tube in the gall bladder. One day after a high-fat meal normal dogs retained 48% of the radioactivity; dogs with resection of the jejunum retained 48%, whereas those with resection of the ileum retained only 3% in the bile. This is consistent with previous observations that the ileum is the site of bile salt absorption in vitro and in anesthetized animals. Animals with resection of the ileum exhibited significant steatorrhea; however, three-fourths of the ingested fat was absorbed in spite of almost complete failure to absorb bile salts. This indicates that fat and bile salts are not normally absorbed together. Elimination of enterohepatic circulation of bile salts by resection of the ileum contributes to the observed steatorrhea.

scholarly journals Bile acid production is life-stage and sex-dependent and affected by primer pheromones in the sea lamprey

2021 ◽  
pp. jeb.229476
Author(s):  
Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson ◽  
Ugo Bussy ◽  
Skye D. Fissette ◽  
Anne M. Scott ◽  
Weiming Li
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Pheromone Production ◽  
Primer Pheromone ◽  
Petromyzonol Sulfate ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Primer Pheromones

Pheromonal bile salts are important for sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus) to complete their life cycle. The synthesis and release of a releaser/primer pheromone 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) by spermiating males have been well characterized. 3kPZS evokes sexual behaviors in ovulatory females, induces immediate 3kPZS release in spermiating males, and elicits neuroendocrine responses in prespawning adults. Another primer pheromone released by spermiating males, 3-keto allocholic acid (3kACA), antagonizes the neuroendocrine effects of 3kPZS in prespermiating males. However, the effects of 3kACA and 3kPZS on pheromone production in prespawning adults is unclear. To understand the foundation of pheromone production, we examined sea lamprey bile salt levels at different life stages. To investigate the priming effects of 3kACA and 3kPZS, we exposed prespawning adults with vehicle or synthetic 3kACA or 3kPZS. We hypothesized that endogenous bile salt levels were life-stage and sex-dependent, and differentially affected by 3kACA and 3kPZS in prespawning adults. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we found that sea lampreys contained distinct mixtures of bile salts in the liver and plasma at different life stages. Males usually contained higher amounts of bile salts than females. Petromyzonamine disulfate was the most abundant C27 bile salt and petromyzonol sulfate was the most abundant C24 bile salt. Waterborne 3kACA and 3kPZS exerted differential effects on bile salt production in the liver and gill, their circulation and clearance in the plasma, and their release into water. We conclude that bile salt levels are life-stage and sex-dependent and differentially affected by primer pheromones.

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