scholarly journals Regulation of glucose uptake by muscle. 8. Effects of fatty acids, ketone bodies and pyruvate, and of alloxan-diabetes and starvation, on the uptake and metabolic fate of glucose in rat heart and diaphragm muscles

1964 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Randle ◽  
EA Newsholme ◽  
PB Garland
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Alloxan Diabetes ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Metabolic Fate

scholarly journals Metabolic fate of oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid in cultured hamster hepatocytes

1996 ◽  
Vol 316 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. BRUCE ◽  
Andrew M. SALTER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Cellular Phospholipid

Unlike other saturated fatty acids, dietary stearic acid does not appear to raise plasma cholesterol. The reason for this remains to be established, although it appears that it must be related to inherent differences in the metabolism of the fatty acid. In the present study, we have looked at the metabolism of palmitic acid and stearic acid, in comparison with oleic acid, by cultured hamster hepatocytes. Stearic acid was taken up more slowly and was poorly incorporated into both cellular and secreted triacylglycerol. Despite this, stearic acid stimulated the synthesis and secretion of triacylglycerol to the same extent as the other fatty acids. Incorporation into cellular phospholipid was lower for oleic acid than for palmitic acid and stearic acid. Desaturation of stearic acid, to monounsaturated fatty acid, was found to be greater than that of palmitic acid. Oleic acid produced from stearic acid was incorporated into both triacylglycerol and phospholipid, representing 13% and 6% respectively of the total after a 4 h incubation. Significant proportions of all of the fatty acids were oxidized, primarily to form ketone bodies, but by 8 h more oleic acid had been oxidized compared with palmitic acid and stearic acid.

Net substrates balance across hindlimb in conscious rabbit during late pregnancy

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
pp. E42-E47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bouisset ◽  
M. C. Pere ◽  
M. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Insulin Effect ◽  
Increase Glucose Uptake

The present work performed in rabbits was designed to investigate whether changes in skeletal muscle metabolism could contribute to glucose homeostasis during late pregnancy a time at which there is a large glucose demand of the gravid uterus. We therefore studied the net substrate balance of glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, and ketone bodies across the hindlimb of pregnant animals (days 24 and 30) and virgin animals. Our data show that on day 24 the basal rate of glucose uptake is similar to that observed in virgin rabbits, but it decreases by approximately 60% on day 30 despite comparable levels of blood glucose and plasma insulin at both gestational ages. A moderate hyperglycemia (20% above basal level) and hyperinsulinemia (2- to 3-fold above basal level) sustained for 80 min failed to increase glucose uptake except in virgin animals. Estimates of the contribution of substrates to oxidative metabolism indicate that free fatty acids could represent the major fuel in all groups, whereas glucose would be of minor importance especially at term. It is concluded that in pregnancy a) under normoglycemia there is a reduced insulin effect on glucose uptake and b) under moderate hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia the insulin resistance results from an impaired stimulation of glucose uptake. Sparing glucose from the skeletal muscle, the mother can direct more glucose toward the uterus without marked increase in her production rate.

Free fatty acids, but not ketone bodies, protect diabetic rat hearts during low-flow ischemia

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (3) ◽  
pp. H1173-H1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. King ◽  
Robert J. Sidell ◽  
James R. Wilding ◽  
George K. Radda ◽  
Kieran Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Atp Depletion ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Diabetic Heart ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Total Glucose

To determine whether the effects of fatty acids on the diabetic heart during ischemia involve altered glycolytic ATP and proton production, we measured energetics and intracellular pH (pHi) by using31P NMR spectroscopy plus [2-3H]glucose uptake in isolated rat hearts. Hearts from 7-wk streptozotocin diabetic and control rats, perfused with buffer containing 11 mM glucose, with or without 1.2 mM palmitate or the ketone bodies, 4 mM β-hydroxybutyrate plus 1 mM acetoacetate, were subjected to 32 min of low-flow (0.3 ml · g wet wt−1 · min−1) ischemia, followed by 32 min of reperfusion. In control rat hearts, neither palmitate nor ketone bodies altered the recovery of contractile function. Diabetic rat hearts perfused with glucose alone or with ketone bodies, had functional recoveries 50% lower than those of the control hearts, but palmitate restored recovery to control levels. In a parallel group with the functional recoveries, palmitate prevented the 54% faster loss of ATP in the diabetic, glucose-perfused rat hearts during ischemia, but had no effect on the rate of ATP depletion in control hearts. Palmitate decreased total glucose uptake in control rat hearts during low-flow ischemia, from 106 ± 17 to 52 ± 12 μmol/g wet wt, but did not alter the total glucose uptake in the diabetic rat hearts, which was 42 ± 5 μmol/g wet wt. Recovery of contractile function was unrelated to pHiduring ischemia; the glucose-perfused control and palmitate-perfused diabetic hearts had end-ischemic pHi values that were significantly different at 6.36 ± 0.04 and 6.60 ± 0.02, respectively, but had similar functional recoveries, whereas the glucose-perfused diabetic hearts had significantly lower functional recoveries, but their pHiwas 6.49 ± 0.04. We conclude that fatty acids, but not ketone bodies, protect the diabetic heart by decreasing ATP depletion, with neither having detrimental effects on the normal rat heart during low-flow ischemia.

Inhibition of the Phosphofructokinase Reaction in Perfused Rat Heart by Respiration of Ketone Bodies, Fatty Acids and Pyruvate

Nature ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 193 (4812) ◽  
pp. 270-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. NEWSHOLME ◽  
P. J. RANDLE ◽  
K. L. MANCHESTER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Perfused Rat Heart
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