scholarly journals Observations on the polysaccharide complex present in serum proteins and on the effect of pepsin on serum protein fractions

1939 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1496-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Polysaccharide Complex

CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS: CLINICAL VALUE OF THE ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERN OF THE SERUM PROTEINS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Rosa Lee Nemir ◽  
Charlotte Marker Zitrin ◽  
Paraskevi Tsouros ◽  
Enriqueta Melly
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Miliary Tuberculosis ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Reciprocal Relation ◽  
Tuberculous Infection ◽  
Tuberculous Disease

The blood serum protein fractions of 138 children with tuberculosis were analyzed by paper electrophoresis serially over a period of many months. Many manifestations of tuberculous infection were studied. The group was divided into 11 categories ranging from healed or arrested tuberculous disease to various stages of activity. The serum protein fractions were evaluated in terms of prognosis, type of tuberculous disease, effect of intercurrent infection and age of patient. It was found that the greatest changes occurred in the gamma-globulin and albumin fractions in reciprocal relation. With the exception of tuberculous meningitis, the increase in gamma-globulin usually corresponded to the severity of disease. Albumin was correspondingly decreased, and was low even in tuberculous meningitis. Both fractions approached normal levels as the patients improved. Relatively normal readings were found in patients with tuberculosis observation or arrested tuberculosis. The greatest deviation from normal was seen in patients with miliary tuberculosis and those with pleurisy with effusion. Here, the gamma and alpha2-globulins were very high and the serum albumin was low. The alpha2 fraction was elevated in the children with more severe disease, including tuberculous meningitis; with clinical improvement it returned to normal more rapidly than the gamma. A rise in the beta-globulin fraction suggests caseation. Confirmatory evidence was obtained in patients with endobronchial disease, tuberculous adenitis and from the only necropsy in the series. The significant changes in the various fractions are further described and discussed.

Serum Albumin and Other Serum Protein Fractions in Stable Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Caravaca ◽  
Manuel Arrobas ◽  
Carmen Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Baseline Values

Background Hypoalbuminemia is common in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients; but the reduction in serum albumin levels (SAlb) that should be expected in stable PD patients is less clear. Objectives To determine prospectively, in a group of stable PD patients without comorbid conditions, the changes in SAlb concentration and in the concentrations of the other serum protein fractions. To investigate the best determinants of a significant decrease in SAlb levels. Design Prospective observational study. Methods Seventeen PD patients in stable clinical condition, with no signs of systemic inflammatory response, were included in the study. SAlb and the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins were determined immediately before PD start, and after 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months on PD. In each study period, clinical characteristics, adequacy parameters, protein catabolic rate (PNPNA: protein equivalent of non protein nitrogen appearance), and protein losses were determined. Patients were divided into two subgroups according to whether SAlb decreased less than 10%, or 10% or more, from baseline values after 24 months on PD. The main differences between the subgroups were investigated. Results Mean SAlb did not decrease significantly after 24 months on PD (from baseline 3.99 ± 0.46 g/dL to 3.80 ± 0.54 g/dL), though percentage SAlb values did (58.36% ± 5.58% vs 55.15% ± 5.42%, p < 0.01). A weak increase in α2-globulin was observed after 18 months on PD (from 10.62% ± 2.53% to 12.96% ± 2.51%, p = 0.001). α1-Globulin showed a sustained increase from a mean baseline value of 3.51% ± 1.09% to 6.83% ± 2.13% after 24 months ( p < 0.0001). Seven patients had a reduction in SAlb greater than 10% after 24 months on PD. Kt/V urea and residual renal function tended to be lower in patients whose SAlb decreased. Mean PNPNA was significantly lower in patients who had a reduction in SAlb (0.76 ± 0.12 g/kg/day vs 0.96 ± 0.12 g/kg/day, p < 0.0001). However, total protein loss was even greater in patients who had no SAlb reduction. Conclusions After 24 months on PD, a mean reduction in SAlb of 10% – 15% from baseline values should be expected only in those stable patients whose PNPNA is low.

scholarly journals Blood serum protein in periparturient goats supplemented with various forms of zinc

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Kudělková ◽  
Leoš Pavlata ◽  
Alena Pechová ◽  
Jaroslav Filípek
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Individual Protein ◽  
Group B

The aim of the study was to compare the contents of individual protein fractions determined by electrophoresis in the blood serum of 32 periparturient goats supplemented with various forms of zinc (Zn). Goats were divided into four groups: Group A was a control (without Zn supplementation). The remaining three groups (B, C, D) were supplemented with Zn in various forms. Group B was supplemented with zinc oxide, Group C with zinc lactate, and Group D with zinc chelate. Individual protein fractions (albumins, α1, α2, β1, β2 a γ-globulins) were identified by electrophoretic analysis. All supplemented groups showed the trend of a positive influence of Zn on γG fractions in the serum protein of the goats; this tendency was significant only in Group C. Moreover, Group C had significantly the highest total protein values and albumins. The results indicated that a feed enriched with various forms of Zn had a significant influence on the quantity of individual protein fractions of blood serum. Our results provide new knowledge on the values of individual protein fractions of serum goats and should be taken into consideration when interpreting the serum protein profile with regard to periparturient goats. Furthermore, we showed the possible positive or negative effects on the values of individual fraction on serum proteins with organic and inorganic zinc form supplemented rich in diet.

Cystine in Human Serum Proteins

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Reiner ◽  
Michael X Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Human Hemoglobin ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Human Serum Proteins

Abstract 1. The amount of cystine was determined in a number of serum protein fractions separated by the procedure of E. J. Cohn. In albumin, the average value was 6.40 per cent for cystine; for γ-globulin the average value was 1.94 per cent; the other fractions tested were mixtures and varied according to the different globulins present. Globin from human hemoglobin contained 1.90 per cent cystine. 2. Separated fractions from three types of multiple myeloma cases have been presented showing abnormal fractions in the α-, β-, and γregions. The percentage of cystine was determined, and except for the fraction from the "gamma" type of myelomas, which contained 6.15 per cent cystine, the anomalous protein fractions contained about the same amount found in separated fractions of normal serum.

STUDIES OF THE INSULIN-LIKE ACTIVITY OF SERUM

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gjedde
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Crystalline Insulin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dialyzed Serum ◽  
Insulin Like Activity

ABSTRACT The insulin-like activity (ILA) of serum and serum protein fractions was investigated by the adipose tissue and the rat diaphragm methods of bioassay. When undiluted serum was dialyzed against tap water at room temperature an increase in the ILA of the dialyzed serum was observed. The increase, which was localized in a precipitate of denatured globulins, corresponded per ml dialyzed serum to the effect of 100 000 μU crystalline insulin, measured by both methods. It was found that in the presence of calcium ions, a pH value between 7.7 and 8.1 and a temperature of about 37° C favoured the increase in ILA by dialysis. Treatment of serum protein fractions, separated in starch block electrophoresis, with dialysis by a standardized procedure against calcium containing water of low ionic concentration increased the ILA from about 4000 to 450 000 μU ILA per ml of fractionated serum. Of the ILA in the serum protein fractions, before and after dialysis, about two thirds was localized in the alpha globulins, and about one third in the beta-two globulins. A varying proportion of from 50 to 80 per cent of the ILA was suppressed by the addition of anti-insulin serum. Three serum proteins, found in other studies to bind radioactivity when incubated with labelled insulin, showed ILA. Following dialysis, a very marked increase in the ILA of all three globulins was observed. The ILA in the three serum proteins was found to account for most of the ILA in the serum. These findings were obtained by both the adipose tissue and the rat diaphragm bioassay, no significant difference being found between the results obtained by the two assays. Some hypotheses on the state of insulin in the blood are discussed in relation to these observations. It is concluded that the main part of ILA of serum is due to insulin associated with the three globulins, and that the activity of insulin is probably potentiated by binding to serum proteins.

scholarly journals Comparison of serum protein electrophoretic pattern in cows and small ruminants

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Nagy ◽  
Csilla Tóthová ◽  
Veronika Nagyová ◽  
Gabriel Kováč
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
Protein Electrophoretic Pattern

Determination of the physiological electrophoretic patterns in animals is very useful for clinicians in diagnosing healthy and sick animals. The objective of this study was to investigate the serum protein electrophoretic pattern in cows, sheep, and goats in order to evaluate the differences in the size and number of protein fractions between the evaluated ruminant species. Ten adult multiparous high-yielding dairy cows, 10 adult female sheep and 10 adult female goats were included in this study. All the evaluated animals were clinically healthy. Serum was analyzed for total serum protein concentrations, and for the relative and absolute values of protein fractions with calculation of albumin/globulin ratios. Serum protein fractions were separated by zone electrophoresis on buffered agarose gel. Serum protein electrophoresis identified 6 distinct bands, comprising albumin, alpha1- (α1), alpha2- (α2), beta1- (β1), beta2- (β2), and gamma- (γ) globulins in cows. In sheep, serum proteins exhibited 6 fractions: albumin, α1-, α2-, β-, γ1- and γ2-globulins. In goats, serum proteins were separated into 5 fractions: albumin, α1-, α2-, β- and γ-globulins. Significant differences in the relative as well as absolute means were found for the albumin/globulin ratio and most of the protein fractions, except γ-globulins. No significant differences were found in the concentration of total proteins. These results describe the marked species differences in most of serum protein fractions between the evaluated groups of animals, and contribute to the current knowledge about the physiological electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in ruminants, which can be used for diagnostic purposes.

scholarly journals Changes in the Serum Protein Fractions in Goats after Treatment of Natural Gastrointestinal Parasite Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Frederika Chovanová ◽  
Csilla Tóthová ◽  
Róbert Klein ◽  
Oskar Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
Antiparasitic Treatment

Gastrointestinal parasitic infections in small ruminants belong to major health problems. The regulation of gastrointestinal infections in goats and the responses developed against them appear to be different from those observed in sheep. In the literature, there is a lack of data on the effect of gastrointestinal parasitic infections on the serum protein profile in goats. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in goats naturally infected with gastrointestinal parasites and to compare the changes in the total serum proteins and serum protein fractions (albumin and α1-, α2-, β-, and γ-globulins) obtained after antihelminthic treatment. Eight adult female goats of the white shorthaired breed from a small dairy goat farm at the age ranging between 3 and 5 years with average body weight 35.4 ± 3.2 kg and body condition score (BCS) from 1.5 to 2.5 were used in the study. The serum proteins in goats were separated into five fractions: albumin, α1- and α2-globulins, and β- and γ-globulins. Significant changes after treatment were found in the relative concentrations of albumin ( P < 0.01 ) and α2- ( P < 0.05 ), β- ( P < 0.001 ), and γ-globulins ( P < 0.01 ), as well as albumin/globulin ratio ( P < 0.01 ). The mean concentration of total serum proteins was, after the antiparasitic treatment, significantly higher. Among the globulin fractions, the γ-globulin fraction contributed most significantly to these changes ( P < 0.001 ). The results presented in the study suggest a significant effect of antiparasitic treatment in goats on the synthesis of blood serum proteins and on the changes of the proportion of serum protein fractions.

THE DETERMINATION OF SERUM PROTEIN FRACTIONS ON FILTER PAPER ELECTROPHEROGRAMS BY THE BIURET REACTION, AND SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE SERUM PROTEINS OF THE ESTROGENIZED IMMATURE PULLET

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. McKinley ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
W. F. Oliver ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Veronal Buffer

An application of the biuret reaction to the determination of protein fractions on filter paper electropherograms of serum is described. The relative mobilities of the serum protein fractions of the domestic fowl and of man are compared. Values are reported for serum protein fractions as separated by filter paper electrophoresis in a methanolic veronal buffer. Some observations on the serum proteins of the estrogenized immature pullet are reported; and it is tentatively suggested that another fraction as well as serum phosphoprotein appears in the serum of the pullet as a consequence of treatment with estrogen.

Effects of inanition, semistarvation, and protein-free diets on serum proteins

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry E. Weimer ◽  
James F. Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Protein Free Diet

The effects of inanition, semistarvation, and protein-free diets on the partition of serum proteins in adult, male, Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated following weight losses of 12, 26, and 33%. The quantitative changes in the serum protein fractions under the various types of nutritional stress showed significant differences. The albumin, α1- and γ-globulin fractions decreased significantly in the rats on the starvation regimen, while the semistarvation diet caused major alterations in the α1- and ß-globulins. Feeding a protein-free diet elicited the greatest decline in total serum proteins, reflecting the changes in the albumin, α1-, and α2-globulin fractions. The conclusion was drawn that the electrophoretic fractions of serum do not respond in a uniform and nonspecific manner to diverse nutritional stresses.

The alkaline reducing activity of glycated serum proteins and its relevance to diabetes mellitus.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
R N Johnson ◽  
J R Baker
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Glycated Protein ◽  
Reducing Activity

Abstract We investigated the ability of the fructosamine assay to detect glycation of serum proteins. We incubated both whole human serum and serum protein fractions in vitro with [14C]glucose, and analyzed for reducing activity and for uptake of 14C by protein. In all experiments, the reducing activity increased linearly with time for seven days and was correlated with 14C uptake (r = 0.94-0.98). Protein ketoamines were about fivefold more actively reducing than equimolar concentrations of deoxymorpholinofructose, the fructosamine standard, which explains why values for fructosamine in serum are higher than the expected concentration of protein ketoamines. We also used [14C, 2-3H]glucose to assess the contribution of the aldimine component to 14C uptake. Whole human serum and albumin incubated with [14C, 2-3H]glucose showed little uptake of 3H in relation to 14C. We conclude that glycated protein can be simply and reliably quantified by the fructosamine assay, and we discuss the relevance of this conclusion to the monitoring of diabetes.

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